蝇蛆工厂化生产及其系列产品研制

华中农业大学应用实验生态学及营养生理研究方法,研制了蝇蛆的配合饲料及工厂化生产蝇蛆的工艺条件,初步开发成功了蝇蛆蛋白、蝇蛆复合氨基酸、蝇蛆营养活性物、蝇蛆油和蝇蛆几丁质等系列产品。开发的潜力很大,有着广泛的应用前景。     

蝇蛆蛋白的研究进展

蛋白质是生命的物质基础,蝇蛆蛋白又是目前蛋白研究的一个热点。本文从蝇蛆蛋白的饲用价值、药用价值和蝇蛆蛋白酶的研究3个方面综述了蝇蛆蛋白的研究进展,指明了目前蝇蛆蛋白的研究前景。     

蝇蛆蛋白的研究进展

蛋白质是生命的物质基础,蝇蛆蛋白又是目前蛋白研究的一个热点。本文从蝇蛆蛋白的饲用价值、药用价值和蝇蛆蛋白酶的研究三个方面综述了蝇蛆蛋白的研究进展．指明目前蝇蛆蛋白的研究前景。     

冬春时节蜂场消毒正当时

家蝇繁殖的幼虫称蝇蛆,它是优质动物性蛋白质饲料。可用蝇蛆粉喂幼鱼、蝎子、牛蛙、鸟类、鹌鹑、鳖等。家蝇的养殖分种蝇和蝇蛆两个方面,养种蝇是为了获得蝇卵,供繁殖蝇蛆。     

蝇蛆粉及蝇蛆培养残料对夏季产蛋鸡血液生化指标的影响

家蝇幼虫——蝇蛆的营养价值极高,含有动物需要的多种氨基酸。近年来,许多从事畜牧工作的专家学者致力于昆虫饲料蛋白的研究和开发,主要是关于蝇蛆的饲养、蝇蛆及蝇蛆粉营养成分的分析和蝇蛆及     

蝇蛆人工养殖技术规程

为探索蝇蛆养殖技术,科学掌握蝇蛆养技术指标,制定完善蝇蛆的养殖技术规程,经过充分查阅大量资料,在贵州华顺生态农业发展有限公司基地进行试验、示范、反复验证,确定了蝇蛆养殖技术的相关指标和技术流程,旨在为人工养殖蝇蛆提供规范性的可操作技术。     

烘干蝇蛆的营养成分评价及其应用前景

试验对烘干蝇蛆的蛋白质、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量进行了测定。结果表明烘干蝇蛆蛋白含量与鱼粉相近,氨基酸质量比豆粕高接近于鱼粉。说明蝇蛆可以作为饲料中的豆粕、肉骨粉和鱼粉等蛋白源的替代物。由蝇蛆成本与来源分析发现其应用前景理想。     

养殖蝇蛆是解决动物性蛋白质来源的好办法

养殖蝇蛆主要是为了生产优质动物性蛋白饲料,提供畜牧水产养殖业尤其是珍稀动物养殖业之所需。据测定,干蝇蛆粉含蛋白质53.24％～62.49％,脂肪12.61％,含有动物所需的各种氨基酸,营养价值高。蝇蛆可与鱼粉、蚕蛹、肉骨粉齐名。养殖蝇蛆确是解决动物性蛋白饲料来源的途径之一。在朝鲜、美国、俄罗斯、肯尼亚等国已养殖生产蝇蛆并应用于饲料工业。我区自80年代初也已开始蝇蛆的试养工作,到84年以后进入实     

繁育蝇蛆喂鸡有技巧

家蝇繁殖的幼虫称蝇蛆,它是优质动物性蛋白质饲料。蝇蛆的营养成分与优质鱼粉相似,干品粗蛋白质含量59%-65%,粗脂肪11%-13%,钙0.3%-0.7%,磷1.7%-2.6%。用10%蝇蛆粉喂蛋鸡,其产蛋率比饲喂同等数量鱼粉的蛋鸡提高20%,饲料报酬提高15%以上。蝇蛆的养殖过程分种蝇饲养和蝇蛆饲养两个阶段。养种蝇是为了获得大批蝇卵,供繁殖蝇蛆。饲养蝇蛆的鸡所产的蛋,富含多种维生素、类胡萝卜素,蛋白质含量超过12%,含有人体必需的多种氨基酸及钠、钾、钙等矿物质。     

蝇蛆粉对宁乡猪生长性能、血清免疫指标和部分肉质指标的影响

通过研究不同蝇蛆粉替代基础日粮对宁乡猪生长性能、免疫指标、细胞因子、部分肉品质指标的影响,探讨蝇蛆粉在宁乡猪生产中的应用效果,为蝇蛆粉的应用提供参考依据。试验选择8月龄、体重相近且健康的宁乡猪48头,采用单因子试验,随机分为3组,每组2个重复,每个重复8只。试验采用基础饲粮,蝇蛆粉作为替代动物蛋白使用,3个处理组分别为：对照组、3%蝇蛆粉组、5%蝇蛆粉组,试验期为42d。结果表明：第42天,各组间生长性能指标和免疫指标差异不显著（P>0.05）;对照组胰高血糖素样多肽（GLP-1）与3%蝇蛆粉组、5%蝇蛆粉组差异显著（P<0.05）,其它测定结果均无显著性差异（P>0.05）;45min pH和肉色a*值（红度）的对照组与3%蝇蛆粉组、5%蝇蛆粉组显著差异(P<0.05),3%蝇蛆粉组的背最长肌的肉色L*值（亮度）显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果显示,基础饲粮添加蝇蛆粉能够在一定范围内增加宁乡猪机体免疫力,其中饲粮中蝇蛆添加量为3%可影响免疫功能,改善肉品质。     

不同家蝇幼虫制品对黄羽肉仔鸡营养物质可利用率、肠道菌群和血清生化指标的影响

本研究旨在探讨不同家蝇幼虫制品对黄羽肉仔鸡营养物质可利用率、肠道菌群和血清生化指标的影响。选取 １日龄的黄羽肉仔鸡 ２５２只,随机分成 ７组,每组 ３个重复,每个重复 １２只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,其余 ６组饲喂分别用 ０．２％、０．５％的家蝇幼虫肽,０．２％、０．５％的家蝇幼虫酶解物,０．２％、０．５％的脱脂家蝇幼虫粉等量替代基础饲粮中鱼粉的试验饲粮。结果表明：１）添加家蝇幼虫肽有提高干物质、粗蛋白质和能量的可利用率的趋势（Ｐ＞０．０５）,且随着添加剂量的增加而提高;添加 ０．５％的家蝇幼虫肽可显著提高粗脂肪、钙、磷和粗灰分的可利用率（Ｐ＜０．０５）。２）添加家蝇幼虫肽可显著提高试验第２周和第４周肠道乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量（Ｐ＜０．０５）,显著降低大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量（Ｐ＜０．０５）。３）添加家蝇幼虫肽可显著降低试验第 ２周血清谷丙转氨酶活性（Ｐ＜０．０５）和显著提高血清总蛋白含量（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且以０．５％的家蝇幼虫肽组效果最优。在饲粮中添加不同家蝇幼虫制品均能显著降低黄羽肉仔鸡血清尿素氮含量（Ｐ＜０．０５）。由此得出,家蝇幼虫肽具有改善黄羽肉仔鸡肠道菌群、提高营养物质可利用率的作用,且以 ０．５％的添加量效果较好。     

Laboratory investigation of the chemical disinfection against different developmental stages of the housefly (Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758)

Possibilities for disinfection of the developmental stages from the housefly (Musca domestica) were investigated under laboratory conditions. The developmental stages (eggs, larvae I, II, III, pupae and adults) were sprayed with solutions of disinfectants on the basis of p-chlorine-m-cresol and o-phenylphenol at different concentrations (0.025%-3%). The effectiveness of both disinfectants was established by determining the emergence rate of eggs and pupae and of the live evidence of larvae and adults. Transmission electron microscopic investigations of the cover of the eggs revealed the bactericidal effect of both disinfectants. These results show the necessity of extending its use also to noxious arthropods.     

应用特异性引物检测中国不同地区旋毛虫DNA

根据Ｊｅａｎ－Ｄｕｐｏｕｙ－Ｃａｍｅｒ所报道１．７ｋｂ基因序列而设计合成的引物,对中国九个地区的旋毛虫株的肌组织旋毛虫ＤＮＡ进行了聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）。扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析,可见中国猪源旋毛虫均扩增出特异性的６０２ｂｐ和２３０ｂｐ大小的ＤＮＡ条带,而中国犬源和猫源以及正常对照肌组织ＤＮＡ均未扩增出特异性片段。本法对中国猪源旋毛虫可检测到０．０２条旋毛虫ＤＮＡ,具有高度的特异性和敏感性。     

蝇蛆油对实验动物皮肤的刺激性、过敏性及烫伤治疗药效研究

蝇蛆具有良好的药用价值,蝇蛆油对试验动物损伤也有良好的治愈效果.试验证明蝇蛆油对正常皮肤及破损皮肤均无刺激性作用,对皮肤也无过敏反应.药效学试验表明,蝇蛆油溶液对浓盐酸引起的化学致炎及烧伤具有明显的治疗作用.     

Induction of protective immunity to Dictyocaulus viviparus in calves while under treatment with endectocides

Three groups of five parasite-naive calves were used. The treatments were: (a) Group 1 calves were weighed on Day 0 and injected with doramectin at 200 microg/kg. From Day 1 to 19 they were dosed orally with 2000 infective larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus. On Day 28 they were again injected with doramectin, and infected with D. viviparus larvae from Days 33 to 41. They were then left untreated until Day 81 when they were infected with 20 infective larvae of D. viviparus per kg body weight. They were killed on Day 110 and lungworms were counted; (b) Group 2 calves were immunised with oral lungworm vaccine on Days 0 and 28, and infected and slaughtered as Group 1 on Days 81 and 110, respectively; (c) Group 3 calves acted as infection controls. Blood samples were taken at Days 0, 21, 49, 77 and 110 for antibody tests to D. viviparus. At autopsy there were no significant differences between the number of lungworms from Groups 1 and 2 (Means 17.4 and 31.3, respectively); Group 1 had significantly less value than Group 3 (Mean 228) (p < 0.05). Increased antibody titres to the larval sheath of the infective larvae were observed from Groups 1 and 2, showing that the larvae in Group 1 had penetrated the intestine before being killed by the circulating anthelmintic. This experiment shows that if calves are exposed to infective larvae while under systemic endectocide cover, an immune reaction is stimulated.     

用四臂嗅觉仪观测家蚕对非桑科植物的选择行为

昆虫嗅觉、味觉等感受系统与其对宿主植物的识别、找寻、取食直接相关,也是研究昆虫与植物相互作用的重要内容。设计并制作观测家蚕行为的四臂嗅觉仪,应用于分析家蚕幼虫被宿主植物桑树的叶片与非宿主植物青蒿和樟树的叶片引诱而产生的行为反应。观测结果表明,非宿主植物青蒿的叶片对家蚕幼虫的引诱作用比宿主植物桑树叶片的引诱作用强,而樟树叶对2、3龄起蚕的引诱作用与桑叶无明显差异。家蚕幼虫对青蒿叶和樟树叶有咬食行为,对桑叶有持续进食行为。该结果证实:家蚕利用灵敏的嗅觉系统可识别植物挥发性气味物质,定位食物源,从而产生趋向行为;家蚕的味觉系统可能直接决定取食的初始行为及在短时间内是否持续、大量取食某种植物的行为。     

蜜蜂（Apjs mellifera）美洲幼虫腐臭病研究进展

美洲幼虫腐臭病是目前危害蜜蜂幼虫生长的主要细菌病，不合理地使用抗生素防治该病是导致蜂产品抗生素残留的重要因素。本文介绍了它的病原（Paenibacillus larvae subspecies Larvae）和流行病学特征，并就目前检测美洲幼虫腐臭病病原和防治该病的研究进展做一综述。     

Immunity in swine inoculated with larvae or extracts of a pig isolate and a sylvatic isolate of Trichinella spiralis

Inoculation of swine with a sylvatic isolate of Trichinella spiralis, designated T s nativa, resulted in low numbers of muscle larvae, compared with muscle larvae accumulation in swine inoculated with a pig type of T s spiralis. Despite low infectivity of T s nativa for swine, primary inoculation resulted in high levels of immunity against challenge infection with T s spiralis. This immunity was expressed in accelerated expulsion of challenge adults from the intestine and reduced numbers of muscle larvae. Pigs inoculated with T s nativa developed cellular and humoral responses similar to those in pigs inoculated with T s spiralis. However, in immunoblots, sera from pigs inoculated with T s nativa recognized additional proteins in muscle larvae excretory-secretory (ES) products, compared with sera from pigs inoculated with T s spiralis. Active immunization of pigs with ES products from T s nativa resulted in numerically higher, but not significantly different levels of immunity, compared with pigs immunized with ES from T s spiralis. The highest levels of immunity were obtained in pigs immunized with a T s spiralis newborn larval extract. The combination of ES products and newborn larval extract did not result in additive levels of immunity. These results indicate that the major immune effector response to Trichinella sp in pigs is against the newborn larvae, regardless of the genetic type of Trichinella sp.     

Residual larval effects of permethrin and resistance in the housefly

The effectiveness of synthetic pyrethroid permethrin in a special preparation Coopex, concentrations 0.25 and 0.5% against larval stages of housefly (Musca domestica) was tested. No larvicidal effect was proved in these commonly used concentrations. Under laboratory conditions, a very good residual effectiveness against imagoes, lasting more than 365 days (100% imago perish), was proved. In stables the residual effectiveness of Coopex was pronounced during 11 weeks. In ten generations of housefly, exposed to 0.001% concentration of Coopex, no resistance to 0.25% concentration of this substance was observed.     

Immunisation of lambs with excretory secretory products of Oestrus ovis third instar larvae and subsequent experimental challenge

Excretory-secretory products (ESP) of myiasis producing agents are involved in nutrition and development of larvae and are often immunogens. This study was carried out in order to define the antigenicity, the immunogenicity of Oestrus ovis ESP and the role of sheep immune response to ESP. Twenty-four six to eight month old female lambs were randomly allocated into two groups. The first one was immunised twice, four weeks apart, with excretory-secretory products of Oestrus ovis third instar larvae (L3ESP) in complete then incomplete Freund adjuvant. The second one served as a control, and received two injections of PBS plus complete and incomplete Freund adjuvant. Fifteen and twenty-eight days after the second immunisation, animals of both groups were experimentally challenged with O. ovis first instar larvae. Twelve days after the second experimental challenge, the twenty-four lambs were necropsied. The total number of O. ovis larvae, their stages of development, weights and sizes were recorded per animal and compared between the two groups. Establishment rates were very similar in both groups: 39% and 35% in control and vaccinated groups respectively but the percentage of developing stages was higher in the control group (13%) than in the vaccinated group (6%). It was concluded that the L3ESP immunisation of sheep did not protect against larval establishment but provided an inhibitory effect on larval growth.