盐分胁迫时量组合与棉花生长性状的相关研究

 试验采用筒栽精确控制试验方法,模拟降雨极少的生产情况,研究了不同生育期、不同程度盐分胁迫对棉花生长和产量的影响。结果表明,蕾期和花铃期盐分胁迫抑制了棉花生长,且整体上受抑程度随胁迫程度的增加而加重,而吐絮期盐分胁迫没有抑制棉花生长。供试棉花在蕾期对盐分最敏感,花铃期次之,吐絮期敏感性最低,其耐盐能力整体上表现出随生育进程的推进而增强的趋势。据此特性,在利用微咸水灌溉时,应尽量将低矿化度的微咸水分配到棉花生育前期。     

不同钾水平下厚皮甜瓜生育后期氮磷钾吸收及利用特征

以‘翠甜’厚皮甜瓜为试材,采用盆栽砂培试验,设6个钾水平,即K1~K6(0、3、6、9、12、15mmol/L),研究其对厚皮甜瓜生育后期氮、磷、钾养分吸收与利用的影响。结果表明:施钾能够降低厚皮甜瓜各器官氮含量及成熟期根、茎叶氮累积量,显著增加果实氮累积量;增加根、果实磷含量及各器官磷累积量,显著增加果实、单株磷累积量;增加各器官钾含量及钾累积量,显著增加茎叶、果实以及单株钾累积量;显著增加氮生理利用效率和磷收获指数,增加氮收获指数,显著降低钾收获指数和磷、钾生理利用效率;单果鲜重以K2、K3和K4处理较高,且处理间差异不显著。钾处理与其厚皮甜瓜各器官氮、磷、钾含量存在的显著相关关系与器官部位及生育期有关,但与氮含量均呈显著负相关,与钾含量均呈显著正相关;各器官氮磷钾含量与氮收获指数没有显著相关性,但茎叶氮累积量与氮收获指数呈显著负相关;茎叶氮累积量与磷收获指数呈极显著负相关,果实磷、钾含量及累积量均与磷收获指数呈显著或极显著正相关;根、果实氮含量与钾收获指数呈极显著正相关,根磷含量与钾收获指数呈显著负相关,茎叶及果实钾含量和累积量均与钾收获指数呈极显著负相关。通过比较拟合优度(决定系数R2),发现钾水平与成熟期茎叶磷含量采用二次多项式拟合最佳,钾水平与成熟期根钾含量采用线性拟合最佳,钾水平与其他各器官养分含量采用三参数指数或者五参数双指数拟合最佳。比较三者养分吸收及利用情况可知,钾水平为9 mmol/L(K4)时,氮磷钾生理利用效率较好,较有利于氮磷钾养分吸收利用,实现经济效益最大化。     

Inhibitory Effects of Rosemary Extracts, Carnosic Acid and Rosmarinic Acid on the Growth of Various Human Cancer Cell Lines

The leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis harvested from three different locations of Turkey were extracted by both methanolic and supercritical CO₂ extraction. Subsequently, six extracts and the active compounds, carnosic acid, and rosmarinic acid were applied to various human cancer cell lines including NCI-H82 (human, small cell lung, carcinoma), DU-145 (human, prostate, carcinoma), Hep-3B (human, black, liver, carcinoma, hepatocellular), K-562 (human chronic myeloid leukemia), MCF-7 (human, breast, adenocarcinoma), PC-3 (human, prostate, adenocarcinoma) and MDA-MB-231 (human, breast, adenocarcinoma) by MTT assay. Supercritical CO₂ extracts had superior antiproliferative effect compared to the soxhlet extracts. Although the extracts exhibited various cytotoxic effects against different cell lines, comparatively low IC₅₀ values ranging between 12.50 and 47.55 μg/ml were attained against K-562, being the most sensitive cell line. Moreover, carnosic acid caused the lowest cell viability with values ranging from 13 to 30 % at a concentration of 19 μM after 48 h of treatments, resulting in superior antiproliferative effect. Rosemary extract is a potential candidate to be included in the anti-cancer diet with pre-determined doses avoiding toxicity.     

广东雷州杂草稻sh4和qSH1基因的功能SNP位点序列分析

sh4和qSH1基因是水稻的主效落粒基因,本研究旨在测定雷州杂草稻的sh4和qSH1的基因型,为雷州杂草稻的落粒机制研究提供分子基础。本研究从雷州10个杂草稻群体采集了100个单株及10份栽培稻种子,观测其颖壳颜色、果皮颜色和芒及落粒率,并对sh4和qSH1的功能SNP位点进行PCR扩增及序列分析。结果表明,57份杂草稻的sh4功能SNP位点为野生落粒型（G）,15份为杂合型G/T,28份为突变难落粒型（T）。其中,G型和G/T型的72份杂草稻的落粒率都极高（95%~100%）,而28份T型杂草稻中,19份为中度落粒（30%~75%）,5份杂草稻的落粒率很高（>95%）,4份杂草稻的落粒率小于30%。100份杂草稻和10份栽培稻的qSH1功能SNP位点均为G。结合落粒表型及基因型,推测sh4是调控雷州杂草稻落粒性的一个主要基因。     

Chromosomal Location of HWA1 and HWA2, Complementary Hybrid Weakness Genes in Rice

Hybrid weakness phenomena in rice reportedly have two causes: those of HWC1 and HWC2 genes and those of HWA1 and HWA2 genes. No detailed study of the latter has been reported. For this study, we first produced crosses among cultivars carrying the weakness-causing allele on the HWA1 and HWA2 loci to confirm the phenotype of the hybrid weakness and the genotypes of the cultivars on the two loci, as reported earlier. We then confirmed that these cultivars belong to Indica. Subsequent linkage analysis of HWA1 and HWA2 genes conducted using DNA markers revealed that both genes are located in the 1,637-kb region, surrounded by the same DNA markers on the long arm of chromosome 11. The possibility of allelic interaction inducing hybrid weakness is discussed.     

钾对旱地冬小麦后期生长及籽粒品质的影响

为了了解钾对旱地冬小麦生长质量及籽粒品质的影响,采用田间试验、室内分析测定和数理统计相结合的方法,研究了钾对旱地冬小麦后期生长及品质的影响。结果表明,施用钾肥(37.5～112.5kgK2O/hm2)明显地提高了旱地冬小麦的旗叶叶绿素含量和光合速率,施用钾肥的处理在小麦开花以后不同时期千粒重和籽粒灌浆速率都明显高于对照。施用钾肥,小麦的沉淀值、面团稳定时间,尤其是湿面筋含量和蛋白质含量及蛋白质产量都有明显增加,但钾肥施用量过大反而不利于小麦品质的改善,施用量超过112.5kgK2O/hm2小麦上述品质指标数值都呈现出下降的趋势。     

柱花草磷饥饿响应基因SgPHR1和SgPHR2的克隆与表达分析

低磷胁迫是限制作物生长和产量的重要因素之一.磷饥饿响应因子PHR(phosphate starvation response)是植物磷信号调控网络中的关键因子,具有调控植物磷平衡的生物学功能.本研究在柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis)中克隆到转录因子SgPHR1和SgPHR2基因.SgPHR1和S...     

Carotenoids,Phenolic Profile,Mineral Content and Antioxidant Properties in Flesh and Peel of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus persica</Emphasis> Fruits during Two Maturation Stages

Carotenoids and phenolic profile, antioxidant activity as well as concentrations of selected macronutrients (K, N, Mg, Ca and Na) and micronutrients (Zn, Cu and Mn) in flesh and peel of peach fruit were recorded at two harvest dates. Predominant mineral was potassium, followed by calcium, magnesium and sodium. The concentration of most micronutrients was greater in the peel than in the flesh especially in early season. The concentration of most elements in flesh and peel decreased during fruit maturation. Total carotenoids content varied with respect to the cultivar. β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene were the major carotenoids in both tissues and flesh contain the lowest amounts. Neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, epicatechin, gallic acid, rutin, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were detected in both peel and flesh, with chlorogenic acid and catechin being the predominant components. Peel extracts showed markedly higher antioxidant activities, when estimated by ABTS or DPPH assays, than the flesh counterparts, consistent with the observed higher phenolic content. Overall, total phenolics levels increased at full ripening stage in both peel and flesh. The results found herein provide important data on carotenoids, phenolic and macro- and micronutrient changes during fruit growth, and emphases peach fruit as a potential functional food.     

不同生育期喷灌对渭北旱地小麦产量及品质的影响

为明确喷灌对旱作小麦产量及品质的影响,试验以中麦175为材料,在小麦越冬期和拔节期进行喷灌处理,比较了喷灌处理与对照(未喷灌)间小麦产量、水分利用效率、光合特性及品质的差异。结果表明,越冬期和拔节期喷灌均能显著提高小麦产量,产量增幅为9.7%~36.3%,其中越冬期喷灌24mm+拔节期喷灌24mm处理增产效果最好。喷灌显著增加了穗数、穗粒数和千粒重。喷灌对小麦品质也有一定的影响,显著增加了籽粒硬度、吸水率、最大拉伸面积和沉降值,但对蛋白质含量、稳定时间等其他指标影响较小。说明合理的喷灌可在一定程度上增加旱地产量和改善品质。     

不同产量水平下玉米主要性状的遗传相关和通径分析

遗传相关分析表明,结实长、穗长、行粒数与轴粗、穗粗、穗行数是最主要的因素。高产水平下结实长起最主要的促进作用,穗粗起最主要的限制作用。通径分析表明,单穗粒重主要受果穗的长度和粗度影响,在高产水平中结实长起着最重要的作用。选育高产组合时,要重视果穗结实长和穗行数的选择。     

Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics in Flag Leaves of the C Liangyou Series of Hybrid Rice Combinations at Late Growth Stages

The contents of chlorophyll,soluble sugars,soluble proteins and thiobarbituric acid reaction substance(TBARS),chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,net photosynthetic rate as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)of flag leaves at the late growth stages were studied by using C Liangyou series of hybrid rice combinitions as material and Shanyou 63 as control.The C Liangyou series of hybrid rice combinations used in the experiment included C Liangyou 396,C Liangyou 87,C Liangyou 755 and C Liangyou 34,which all used C815S as male sterile line.The contents of chlorophyll,soluble sugars and soluble proteins in flag leaves of the C Liangyou series combinations at the late growth stages were higher than those of the control,whereas the TBARS content was lower than that of the control.The activities of SOD and POD were significantly higher than those of the control on the 7th day after heading,and then decreased slowly.ΦPSIIvalue and qP value of flag leaves decreased at the late growth stages,and these two parameters in flag leaves of the C Liangyou series combinations were higher than those of the control,while the qN value increased at the late growth stages and was lower than that of the control.The net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves at the late growth stage was higher compared with the control.These results suggest that slow senescence and strong photosynthetic capability in flag leaves at the late growth stages are the physiological basis of the C Liangyou series combinations.     

EBR对盐胁迫下玉米幼苗生理指标及抗氧化酶和水孔蛋白基因表达量的影响

以玉米自交系Mo17为材料,用不同浓度的EBR处理150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫的玉米幼苗,测定其叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和根系活力等指标,同时通过荧光定量PCR测定CAT酶基因和ZMPIP2-4基因的表达。结果表明,EBR处理后,玉米幼苗的POD酶活性、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量和根系活力增加,MDA含量降低。EBR处理浓度为0.1 mg/L时,可溶性糖、过氧化物酶和根系活力显著增加;EBR浓度为0.001 mg/L时,酶(CAT)基因的表达量有明显上升。EBR浓度为0.1 mg/L时,在生理层面可有效增加玉米抗盐胁迫的能力;0.001 mg/L时在基因层面可显著增加玉米幼苗抗盐胁迫CAT和ZMPIP2-4基因表达量。有效缓解盐胁迫的最适EBR浓度为0.1 mg/L。玉米幼苗抗胁迫基因表达后调控具体机理尚不清楚,需进一步探究。     

桑椹成熟过程中酚类物质、总黄酮及花色苷含量的动态变化

以新选育的鲜食用果桑品种‘粤椹28’和全国种植面积较大的果桑品种‘粤椹大10’和‘塘10’为试材,研究不同发育时期桑椹果实中总酚类物质、总黄酮及花色苷的动态变化规律。结果表明:幼果期桑椹中含有较高含量的总酚类物质和总黄酮类物质,随着果实的成熟,合成速率逐渐减慢,全红期后又开始大量积累;花色苷从白熟期后开始合成,随着成熟度的增加,花色苷的合成速率加快,桑椹中的花色苷主要在全红期到紫黑期发育阶段合成,到紫黑期含量达到最大值;紫黑期‘粤椹28’桑椹中总酚类物质、总黄酮类物质及花色苷含量均高于‘粤椹大10’和‘塘10’。     

水稻Wx复等位基因的鉴定及单片段代换系的建立

 利用微卫星标记“484/485”和“484/W2R”结合AccⅠ酶切对278份来自国内外水稻品种（系）进行了Wx座位复等位基因分析，共检测到15种等位基因，其中(CT)12-G、(CT)15-G、(CT)16-G、(CT)17-G、(CT)18-G、(CT)21-G为新发现的等位基因。以含不同Wx等位基因的20个品种（系）为供体亲本，利用回交和微卫星标记辅助选择相结合的方法，建立了72个以Wx等位基因为 (CT)11-G 的“华粳籼74”为受体的Wx复等位基因单片段代换系。这些单片段代换系共包含12种Wx等位基因，其代换片段长度最短为2.2 cM，最长为77.3 cM，平均为17.4 cM。     

补灌对旱地小麦花后旗叶和籽粒氮代谢及产量的影响

为了探讨旱地高产麦田的高产潜力,在莱阳市冯格庄的旱地高产麦田（曾多次创出旱地9 000 kg·hm-2以上产量）研究了补充灌水（简称“补灌”）对旱地小麦生育后期氮代谢及产量的影响。结果表明,补灌对旱地小麦旗叶氮代谢指标有一定的调节作用。在补灌120 mm的处理中,旱地小麦达到高产水平（9 310.20 kg·hm-2）。随着补灌次数的增加,在补灌180 mm和240 mm的处理中旱地小麦旗叶的硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性蛋白质含量、游离氨基酸含量和脯氨酸含量有所降低。在本试验条件下,补灌120 mm的处理产量最高。继续增加补灌次数,产量开始下降,甚至低于对照处理,表明合理灌溉对旱地小麦产量提高有积极的促进作用。     

黄淮麦区小麦品种矮秆基因Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b和Rht8的检测及其对农艺性状的影响

为了解黄淮麦区小麦品种主要矮秆基因的分布和利用状况及其与主要农艺性状的关系,利用分子标记结合系谱分析对黄淮麦区20世纪及近年来新育成的129份小麦品种所含矮秆基因Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b和Rht8进行检测,并结合田间株高、基部茎秆直径和壁厚、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重及不同播期条件下的株高差等农艺性状的调查结果,分析比较了不同矮秆基因对农艺性状的影响。结果表明,129份小麦品种中,含Rht-B1b基因的品种有37份,含Rht-D1b基因的品种有73份,含Rht8基因的品种有89份,不含这3个矮秆基因的品种有6份,所占比例分别为28.68%、56.59%、68.99%和4.65%。其中,同时含Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b的品种有1份,同时含Rht-B1b和Rht8的品种有29份,同时含Rht-D1b和Rht8的品种有44份,同时含Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b和Rht8的品种有1份。不同矮秆基因及其组合的品种,在小穗数、基部茎秆直径及基部茎秆壁厚等性状上无显著差异,但仅含Rht8基因的品种的千粒重、基部茎秆直径及壁厚均大于其他基因型,并且能够显著增加穗粒数。不同矮秆基因的降秆作用强度依次为Rht-D1bRht-B1bRht8,并具有累加效应。在不同播期条件下,除不含矮秆基因材料外仅含Rht8的品种的株高稳定性最佳,仅含Rht-B1b的品种株高稳定性最差。仅含Rht-B1b的品种小穗数最高,但千粒重却最低,并显著低于不含这3个矮秆基因的品种。以上结果表明,虽然矮秆基因Rht8的降秆作用较弱,但其对农艺性状的有利贡献较多,且在不同播期环境条件下株高稳定性较好,因此在未来小麦育种中应注重矮秆基因Rht8的利用。     

超表达OsPIN1a与野生型水稻旗叶水通道蛋白基因家族表达比较

为了探讨超表达Os PIN1a对水稻旗叶水通道蛋白基因家族表达影响,以转基因株系3和7-5及野生型水稻盛花期旗叶为材料,通过半定量PCR检测各基因表达水平,结果发现:(1)转基因和野生型都呈现Os TIPs家族表达量最大,Os PIPs家族次之,再次是Os NIPs和Os SIPs家族。(2)转基因和野生型都呈现Os PIP1-1、Os PIP2-7和Os PIP2-6的表达最高,Os PIP2-4,Os PIP2-2表达较低,而Os PIP1-2、Os PIP1-3、Os PIP2-1、Os PIP2-3和Os PIP2-8在旗叶内均不表达;转基因的Os PIP1-1,Os PIP2-4、Os PIP2-6和Os PIP2-7表达明显高于野生型。(3)转基因和野生型都呈现Os TIP1-1、Os TIP1-2、Os TIP2-2、Os TIP3-1、Os TIP4-2与Os TIP4-3表达较高,而Os TIP3-2、Os TIP5-1的表达相对较低;转基因株系3的Os TIP3-2和Os TIP5-1表达均高于野生型,但Os TIP3-1、Os TIP4-1和Os TIP4-3明显低于野生型;转基因7-5株系中,除Os TIP4-3基因表达低于野生型外,其余基因的表达量均高于野生型。(4)Os NIP1-1、Os NIP2-1与Os NIP2-2在转基因和野生型均能表达,但Os NIP1-2、Os NIP1-4、Os NIP3-2、Os NIP3-3和Os NIP4-1均不表达,但野生型的Os NIP2-1与Os NIP2-2表达量均高于转基因。(5)转基因和野生型的Os SIP1-1均不表达,但野生型Os SIP1-2与Os SIP2-1表达量均高于转基因。试验结果表明,盛花期当天旗叶中Os TIPs基因家族表达量最大,超表达Os PIN1a影响了多个水通道蛋白基因表达。     

Identification of Multiple Alleles at the Wx Locus and Development of Single Segment Substitution Lines for the Alleles in Rice

Amylose content (AC) is a key determinant of the cooking and processing quality of rice (Oryza sativa). It has been reported that the amylose content is mainly controlled by the Wx locus [1]. By using RFLP analysis, two alleles, largely corresponding to t…