山东省玉米质量型发展战略探讨

玉米是山东省重要的饲料、食用及工业原料作物。近年来 ,随着种植业结构的调整和畜牧业迅速发展对玉米需求的不断增加 ,我省玉米面积逐年扩大 ,产量不断提高。 1997年 ,播种面积 2 6 7万ｈｍ2 ,总产 16 0 0万ｔ,分别比 1994年提高 38%和 2 0 %以上。目前 ,我省 80 %左右的玉米用作饲料 ,12 %～15%供食用 ,5%用作淀粉、酒精等工业产品的原料。2 0 0 0年以后 ,随着人民生活水平的进一步提高 ,畜牧业的迅猛发展和加工业的需求 ,围绕农村经济的高速发展和农业发展战略的调整 ,山东玉米生产必将由传统的产量型模式逐步转变到质量型模式。1　玉米…     

加拿大小麦将增产、玉米将减产

预计加拿大 2 0 0 0 /0 1年度小麦产量将达到 2 6 80万ｔ,与上年度基本持平 ,小麦播种面积将达到 10 90万ｈｍ2 。加拿大春小麦产量将下降 7% ,达到 1940万ｔ,而杜伦麦产量达到 5 6 0万ｔ,比上年度增加 130万ｔ,仅次于 1998年最高纪录 6 0 0万ｔ的水平。加拿大玉米产量将大幅度下降 ,主要是因为产区气候过于潮湿和寒泠。新年度加拿大玉米产量预计为 6 80万ｔ,这一数字将比上年度减少 2 5 % ,这是自 1993年以来的最低产量 ,比前 5年平均值 80 0万ｔ的水平下降了 15 %加拿大小麦将增产、玉米将减产…     

玉米、荞麦、西瓜间套复种栽培技术

康平县位于辽宁西北部 ,西瓜种植已初具规模。为提高复种指数和单位面积产出 ,我县进行多项对比试验研究 ,经 2年的努力研制出玉米、荞麦、西瓜间套复种栽培技术。其栽培形式是在目前推广的中早熟西瓜育苗移栽的基础上 ,选择生育期 90～ 95ｄ ,积温 2 0 0 0～ 2 10 0℃的玉米品种 ,西瓜开花座果中后期采用穴播方式在西瓜两株间种植 ,西瓜采收后在行间适时种植生育期 5 0～ 6 0ｄ ,积温10 0 0～ 12 0 0℃的荞麦或其它下茬作物 ,通过合理搭配组成玉米、荞麦、西瓜间套复种模式。 2年的研究表明 ,该项技术不影响西瓜产量 ,还可获得玉米 45 0 0…     

玉米前套小麦高产栽培技术

为了转变灌溉农业的增长方式 ,我们于1 995～ 1 999年在二龙镇二十家子基点村试验并推广了玉米前套小麦技术。共种植373.40ｈｍ2 ,小麦产量 31 5 1 .47ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ,玉米产量 1 1 335 .5 8ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ,混合产量达到1 44 87.0 5ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ,比对照田 (等行距单作玉米 )增产 46 93.46ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ,增产率为47.92 %。 1 998年有 0 .1 6 2ｈｍ2 高产田 ,小麦产量 2 92 3.89ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ,玉米产量 1 5 6 6 6 .75ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ,混合产量达到 1 85 90 .6 4ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 。按 1 995～ 1 997年不变价格分析 ,玉米前套小麦田的产值达到 1 9439.0 3元 /ｈｍ2 ,…     

糯玉米新品种-苏玉(糯)2号

苏玉 (糯 ) 2号原名 98W_2 ,是江苏沿江地区农科所谢孝颐研究员主持选育的早熟、优质、高产、紧凑型糯玉米杂交种 ,2 0 0 2年 4月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定定名。现已通过国家糯玉米区试和生产试验 ,正申报国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。1　产量表现1999～ 2 0 0 0年参加江苏省特用玉米区域试验 ,两年鲜果穗平均单产 132 0 6 .0kg/hm2 和 12 12 6 .0kg/hm2 ,比对照种苏玉 (糯 ) 1号增产 8.2 %和13.6 % ,增产均达极显著水平 ,产量均居首位 ;2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年参加国家东南区特种玉米区试 ,其中 2 0 0 0年鲜果穗平均单产 10 5 9…     

未来我国玉米供求预测

据有关方面提供的信息 ,2 0 0 5～ 2 0 10年我国玉米供求预测如下 :1 2 0 0 5年之前 ,我国玉米仍会保持适度出口 ;在 2 0 0 5年之后 ,我国将由玉米出口国转为进口国。在 2 0 0 5年和 2 0 10年 ,我国玉米产需缺口分别为 2 934万ｔ和 2 30 1万ｔ。美国农业部饲料谷物协会预计 ,到 2 0 0 5 /2 0 0 6年度时 ,中国玉米产需缺口分别为 80 0万ｔ和 182万ｔ。2 受 2 0 0 0 / 2 0 0 1年度玉米大幅度减产和价格上涨的影响 ,预计 2 0 0 1/ 2 0 0 2年我国玉米播种面积和产量将得到恢复性的增长。播种面积将达到 2 5 0 0万ｈｍ2 ,如无大的自然灾害 ,总产…     

未来我国玉米供求预测

据有关方面提供的信息 ,2 0 0 5～ 2 0 10年我国玉米供求预测如下 :1 2 0 0 5年之前 ,我国玉米仍会保持适度出口 ;在 2 0 0 5年之后 ,我国将由玉米出口国转为进口国。在 2 0 0 5年和 2 0 10年 ,我国玉米产需缺口分别为 2 934万ｔ和 2 30 1万ｔ。美国农业部饲料谷物协会预计 ,到 2 0 0 5 /2 0 0 6年度时 ,中国玉米产需缺口分别为 80 0万ｔ和 182万ｔ。2 受 2 0 0 0 / 2 0 0 1年度玉米大幅度减产和价格上涨的影响 ,预计 2 0 0 1/ 2 0 0 2年我国玉米播种面积和产量将得到恢复性的增长。播种面积将达到 2 5 0 0万ｈｍ2 ,如无大的自然灾害 ,总产…     

棉纺工业发展对原棉的要求

1棉纺行业的发展趋势1 .1消费需求增加1 .1 .1消费量呈增加趋势。到 2 0 0 0年 ,全国纤维加工总量已达到 1 2 0 0多万吨 ,人均纤维消费量达 6.6千克 ,纱产量达到 3674万件 ,化纤产量达到 695万吨 ,服装达到 1 65亿件 ,大大高于“九五”确定的2 0 0 0年末的水平。在“十五”规划中 ,出口创汇要达70 0亿美元 ,棉纱产量 680万吨 ,化纤产量 90 0万吨 ,纤维加工总量 1 42 5万吨 ,人均纤维消费量 7.4千克。这些数字是根据国内需求、人口增长 ,收入增加和国外市场变化提出来的 ,它预示着未来的几年纺织发展仍将呈持续扩大 ,需求增加 ,消费量增加。1…     

大穗型玉米优良杂交种济单94—2

济单 94＿2是河南省济源市农业科学研究所于 1994年育成的 ,2 0 0 1年 4月通过河南省品种委员会审定(豫审玉 2 0 0 10 0 1号 )。现已申报国家植物新品种保护 (公告号ＣＮＡ0 0 0 10 0Ｅ)。1　特征特性株高 2 6 9～ 2 85ｃｍ穗位高 110～ 12 0ｃｍ ,穗长 2 0～ 2 6ｃｍ ,穗粗 5 0～ 5 2ｃｍ ,穗行数为 14～ 16行 ,千粒重 32 0 ｇ ,出籽率为 87% ,黄粒 ,半硬粒型 ,品质较好 ,株型紧凑 ,抗倒伏 ,抗大、小斑病 ,抗青枯病、抗黑粉病 ,生育期为 10 3～ 10 5天 ;春播生育期 132天。2　产量表现1996年参加河南省玉米预备区试 ,较对照种掖单 13号增…     

金昌市杂交玉米制种产业现状及发展对策

金昌市于1995年引进杂交玉米制种技术．当年种植效益明显高于同类地区其他作物。随着农民群众认识水平的提高和生产技术及种业市场的不断成熟．2006年玉米制种面积达1万hm2,占片肃省玉米制种面积的7．5％,产量达5．5万t．占全省杂交玉米种子产量的10．5％,实现产值1．3亿元,玉米制种已成为促进本市农业结构调整和部分乡镇农民增收的支柱性产业．     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.