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花生SSR分子标记的开发与利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,通过基因组文库构建、EST序列开发EST-SSR、比较基因组学等方法,花生SSR分子标记取得了一定的进展。本文主要介绍了基因组SSR、EST-SSR分子标记的开发及其在花生遗传图谱的构建、花生性状及相关基因的定位、遗传多样性研究及种质资源的鉴定等方面的应用,同时对SSR标记在花生中的应用前景进行了展望,以期为花生的分子育种提供参考。 相似文献
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《中国麻业》2020,(4)
亚麻是一种重要的经济作物,在食品业、纺织业、医疗保健、畜牧业等领域均具有重要价值。多数亚麻性状都是由数量性状位点(quantitative trait loci, QTL)控制,因此QTL定位无疑有助于加快亚麻育种进程、提升亚麻产品品质、增强作物抗逆性等。目前作物QTL定位方法分为两大类,即基于遗传连锁图谱的传统QTL定位方法以及基于连锁不平衡原理的全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study, GWAS)。文章总结了当前亚麻遗传图谱的构建情况,以及基于传统QTL定位、GWAS分析定位的QTL研究进展,以期为亚麻其他重要性状QTL定位分析和分子辅助育种提供参考。 相似文献
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芥蓝的丰产性状是育种的重要目标性状,由于控制芥蓝的产量性状均为数量性状,常规育种进展缓慢,基因定位及分子标记辅助育种可提高选择效率。本研究利用2个产量差异大的芥蓝自交不亲和系冬强♀(产量高)与Lb07M(产量低)为亲本,构建F2分离群体,F2自交获得F2 ∶ 3家系,对产量性状进行了QTL定位分析。对F2 ∶ 3家系中单株重、单薹重、株高、薹高、叶长、叶宽、薹粗进行了调查,利用已构建首张芥蓝变种内的SSR和SRAP遗传图谱,结合田间性状调查数据,用QTLNetwork2.0软件通过混合线性复合区间作图法(MCIM)对7个产量性状进行了QTL分析。在10个连锁群中共定位了8个QTL位点,其中控制单薹重、单株重、株高、叶宽的QTL各1个,分别解释表型变异的18.4%,17.8%,19.1%,15.1%;控制主薹高和叶长的QTL各为2个,共解释表型变异的23.8%、22.1%。芥蓝产量性状的QTL定位结果可为分子标记辅助选择高产品种提供参考。 相似文献
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从花生种质资源遗传多样性分析、指纹图谱构建、重要性状分子标记和QTLs定位、分子标记辅助选择以及转基因研究5个方面,对国内外花生分子育种的现状进行了概述,并指出了当前花生分子育种存在的主要问题和发展前景.以期为加快花生新品种选育提供参考依据。 相似文献
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花生基因组资源的开发及应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
花生是世界主要的油料作物,但由于花生本身的遗传特性,导致其基因组资源的开发和利用存在较大难度。花生的高度闭花授粉、初级基因库遗传基础狭窄以及栽培种与二倍体近缘野生种之间的杂交不亲和性,导致花生栽培种的分子遗传多样性偏低,成为花生分子遗传改良的主要瓶颈。然而,近五年来,花生基因组资源开发迅速,分子标记的开发、遗传和物理图谱的构建、表达序列标签(ESTs)的产生、突变体资源的创建和功能基因组学平台的构建促进了QTL的鉴定以及与农艺性状相关的耐/抗生物和非生物胁迫基因的挖掘。本文概述了当前花生基因组资源的研究现状,并对下一步的发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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Very few efforts have been made to improve the nutritional quality of groundnut, as biochemical estimation of quality traits is laborious and uneconomic; hence, it is difficult to improve them through traditional breeding alone. Identification of molecular markers for quality traits will have a great impact in molecular breeding. An attempt was made to identify microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for important nutritional traits (protein content, oil content and oil quality in terms of oleic acid, linoleic acid and oleic/linoleic acid ratio) in a mapping population consisting of 146 recombinant inbreed lines (RILs) of a cross TG26 × GPBD4. Phenotyping data analysis for quality traits showed significant variation in the population and environment, genotype × environment interaction and high heritability was observed for all the traits. Negative correlation between protein content and oil content, oleic acid and linoleic acid indicated their antagonistic nature. After screening >1000 SSR markers, a partial genetic linkage map comprising of 45 SSR loci on 8 linkage groups with an average inter-marker distance of 14.62 cM was developed. QTL analysis based on single marker analysis (SMA) and composite interval mapping identified some candidate SSR markers associated with major QTLs as well as several minor QTLs for the nutritional traits. Validation of these major QTLs using a wider genetic background may provide the markers for molecular breeding for improving groundnut for nutritional traits. 相似文献
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IT-ISJ标记在花生上的应用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
首次报道了IT-ISJ标记在花生的应用效果。采用7对IT-ISJ引物扩增20份花生样品,扩增产物经变性聚丙烯酰胺电泳分离,银染显色。结果表明,每对引物扩增出来的条带数为5~18条,多在10条以上;能很好地揭示野生型花生与其突变体之间的遗传差异;花生野生种多态性程度最高,参试的栽培种四大类型品种,多态性率较低;作图亲本条带的多态性率居中,说明亲本间遗传差异较大,可满足作图需要。提示IT-ISJ标记在花生品种鉴定、突变体鉴定和图谱构建上具有较大应用潜力。 相似文献
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冰草是优良的牧草,也是小麦等麦类作物抗逆遗传改良的重要基因库。构建冰草超高密度遗传连锁图谱,有利于冰草的标记辅助育种和遗传分析。本研究利用基因分型测序(GBS)技术,对四倍体杂交冰草F2分离群体的115个单株及其亲本蒙古冰草和航道冰草进行高通量SNP基因分型,经测序获得了超过584 Gb的数据,SNP鉴定以及完整度和偏分离过滤后,最终得到了5 035个高质量的SNP标记;采用Join Map 4.0作图软件构建四倍体冰草超高密度遗传连锁图谱,该遗传图谱包括14个连锁群,各连锁群的长度范围在68.959~280.309 cM之间,平均长度为153.473 cM,覆盖的基因组总长度为 2 148.621 cM,标记间的平均距离为0.427 cM。该图谱是目前冰草中分子标记数目最多、密度最高的遗传连锁图谱,为进一步开展冰草品质、抗性等重要性状的QTL定位、图位克隆及分子标记辅助育种研究等奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Among the multiple applications of DNA markers in breeding, the most promising for cultivar development is marker-assisted selection (MAS). Genetic improvement by MAS has been carried out with success in several legume crops such as soybean, common bean and pea, however, in other species such as faba bean it is still in its early stages. This article provides an overview of the genomic resources and molecular markers currently available in faba bean, with an emphasis on development and application of MAS for genetic improvement of the crop. In general, genetically simple traits have received more attention than genetically complex characters encoded by multiple genes. Research has mainly focussed on developing molecular markers for selecting resistance to a parasitic weed and other major diseases. As a result, molecular breeding for resistance to crenate broomrape, ascochyta blight, rust and chocolate spot is underway, and promising results have been obtained. Recently, markers linked to a gene controlling growth habit or to select against traits affecting the nutritional value of seeds (tannins, vicine and convicine content) have also been reported, which may facilitate a more efficient selection of new cultivars free of anti-nutritional compounds. In the near future, molecular markers should be developed for many other highly sought-after traits that are difficult to breed conventionally such as frost or drought tolerance. Comparative genomics and synteny analyses with closely related legumes, together with extensive mapping of resistance gene analogs (RGAs), will reveal new candidate genes and selectable markers for use in MAS. Finally genomic tools such as macro- and microarrays may eventually become available for use in faba crop improvement. 相似文献