纸板方格蔟自动上蔟对比试验初报

针对汉源县农村应用的蔟具种类,对纸板方格蔟、草笼蔟2种蔟具,采用蚕儿见熟蚕时添食药物自动上蔟方法,在汉源县开展自动上蔟技术试验研究与应用,旨在把自动上蔟省力化技术在农村现有的养蚕条件及方法下进行比较试验,结合现有蔟具研究自动上蔟技术,实现在现有养蚕设备条件下上蔟自动化的目的。试验结果表明,技术能在农村现有蔟具及技术条件下应用,上蔟省工省力,工效提高,蚕茧质量优。     

应用方格蔟上蔟技术

方格蔟与花蔟等旧蔟具相比具有上茧率高、次下茧少、茧衣毛少、茧层量高、蔟室省和花工少等优点。应用方格蔟上蔟能增加产量 ,提高茧的等级 ,提高养蚕的经济效益 ,是近年来推广的一种上蔟新技术 ,现将方格蔟上蔟技术介绍如下 :1　搭建蔟架用一些粗细均匀的木条或竹片搭建挂蔟架 ,蔟架宽 6 0 cm,高 1 6 0 cm,设两层 ,第一层离地面高约 90 cm,第二层离第一层高约 6 5cm。养一张蚕用 1 6 2孔方格蔟 1 80～ 2 0 0片 ,需挂蔟架长 2 5m(计单层长度 )。2　制作挂式蔟片将一条长 70 cm、宽 3cm、厚 1 .3cm的木条或竹条与方格蔟的短边框用铁线均匀地…     

方格蔟自动上蔟技术在规模蚕桑生产中的应用

上蔟是养蚕最后的重要工作,是保证蚕茧丰产丰收的重要一环,也是决定蚕茧品质好坏的关键环节.同时,上蔟也是养蚕劳动力最集中的时候,工作非常繁忙,在现代规模蚕桑生产中这种现象更为突出.因此选用优良蔟具方格蔟并贯彻合理的蔟中保护,是实现蚕桑生产省工节本、优质高产高收益最行之有效的办法.     

喀喇沁旗发展蚕桑的几点思考

内蒙古自治区赤峰市喀喇沁旗于1997年开始种桑养蚕,现有桑园面积470hm2,实际可利用养蚕的桑园340hm2.土壤类似黑钙土,偏碱性.桑树品种有勃椤、792、湖桑系列等,树型养成以无杆或低杆密植桑为主.全年适宜养蚕的时间为4个月左右(6～9月),家蚕品种有菁松×皓月、春·蕾×镇·珠等,张种产量有过45kg以上的饲养成绩.在养蚕生产上,引进了小蚕共育、方格蔟上蔟等技术.通过多年的蚕桑生产实践,取得一些经验教训,为发展蚕桑作出了有益的探索.2004年2月我们应邀对该地的蚕桑生产进行了考察.     

自动上蔟技术的探索与实践

我县种桑养蚕历史悠久，这一古老而传统的产业曾为我县城乡经济的发展创造过辉煌的业绩。但近年来，我县蚕桑生产逐渐萎缩，农村养蚕劳动力匮乏的矛盾日益突出。为了探索省力化养蚕技术，提高蚕茧质量，使蚕农达到省力增效的目的，今秋我站在蚕桑主产乡镇酉溪镇15村6社进行了方格蔟、塑料折蔟自动化上蔟试点示范工作。     

塑棚简易蔟架熟蚕自动上蔟方法与应用效果

<正>高邮市菱塘回族乡是江苏省苏豪集团优质蚕茧基地,也是扬州市蚕桑重点乡之一。现有投产桑园近5 000亩,具有种桑、养蚕、加工一体化的生产规模。多年来,一直把提高蚕茧质量作为稳桑增效的关键环节来抓,始终坚持科学饲养,不断改进上蔟的蔟具和方法。从1992年开始,我们就改草龙上蔟为纸板方格蔟手捉上蔟,后来又改用蔟片直接平铺在     

方格蔟上蔟技术

纸板方格蔟是根据蚕营茧习性和现代制丝原料茧要求设计、工厂化生产的格孔规范的优良蔟具.较传统的蜈蚣蔟和折蔟能明显提高茧质、节省蔟室和增加栽桑养蚕收益.     

塑料折蔟自动上蔟技术及应用效果

近年简单钢架薄膜大棚养蚕方式在本市得到较快推广和应用,尤其是受到新型规模养蚕户的青睐,有效地解决了养蚕用房不足的矛盾,而且省工、省力,节约成本.一般春期饲养5张以上蚕种的养蚕户都要搭建1～2个大棚,规模经营户搭建5个以上大棚.大棚养蚕普及的同时也带来一些新的问题,如何解决好上蔟室、蔟具及上蔟方法成为当务之急.本市传统采用的蔟具是蜈蚣蔟和伞形蔟为主,养蚕大户在实施过程中发现二大缺陷:一是大棚内使用蜈蚣蔟,因湿度较大,稻草杆受潮后极易倒伏,减少营茧位置,不结茧蚕及次下茧增加.采茧后不能再次使用,材料浪费较大.二是制作蜈蚣蔟不仅费工费力,而且堆放蔟具需要占用大量室内空间,与蚕争房争棚,增加了养蚕户用工、用房压力.     

方格蔟使用方法之我见

为积极探索和寻求方便、快捷且易于蚕农接受的方格蔟上蔟方法,笔者于2004~2006年在本县徐集乡红刘村开展方格蔟普及推广工作,通过三年实践,取得了很好的效果。现将有关情况介绍如下:1上蔟前的准备1·1蔟具购置因方格蔟在使用前需进行结扎和晾晒,故应在农闲时将方格蔟购回,以便养蚕前有充裕的时间扎蔟。购置的片数应根据养蚕数量而定,一般成品纸板方格蔟是50片一扎,每养一张蚕需180片左右。1·2蔟具结扎1·2·1选择结扎材料结扎材料选取范围很广,可用夏伐桑条、木片、大柴或竹竿等作为蔟片支撑材料;用细铁丝、塑料绳或布条等作为结绳材料。但…     

谈方格蔟室外营茧与提高茧质的关系

<正>纸板方格蔟是一种理想的家蚕营茧蔟具,它具有结构合理、保管方便、上车茧率高、劳动强度低、使用寿命长等优良特性.为提高蚕茧质量,各栽桑养蚕地区都在大力推广使用方格蔟,但使用后的效果如何呢?笔者从10多年方格蔟使用实践中体会到:方格蔟并不是提高茧质的万能钥匙,只有优良的蔟具,而缺乏科学的上蔟技术和合理的上蔟形式,其优良蔟具的特性就不能得到充分的发挥,蚕茧也难达到优质的要求.     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。