西葫芦果长性状主基因-多基因混合遗传分析

[目的]为西葫芦果长育种提供依据。[方法]选用蔓生和矮生的西葫芦自交系配制q-1×23-4G（组合1）和q-1×A-7（组合2）2个组合,构建P1、F1、P2、B1、B2和F26个家系世代群体,应用植物数量性状主基因-多基因混合遗传模型对该6个世代群体果长进行多世代联合分析。[结果]2个组合的西葫芦的果长遗传为1对加性主基因＋加性-显性多基因（D-2）遗传模型,组合1以加性效应为主,而组合2以显性效应为主;2个组合F2的基因遗传率较高,环境影响相对较小。[结论]西葫芦果长育种宜早代选择。     

西葫芦果长性状主基因-多基因混合遗传分析

[目的]为西葫芦果长育种提供依据。[方法]选用蔓生和矮生的西葫芦自交系配制q-1×23-4G（组合1）和q-1×A-7（组合2）2个组合,构建P1、F1、P2、B1、B2和F2 6个家系世代群体,应用植物数量性状主基因-多基因混合遗传模型对该6个世代群体果长进行多世代联合分析。[结果]2个组合的西葫芦的果长遗传为1对加性主基因＋加性-显性多基因（D-2）遗传模型,组合1以加性效应为主,而组合2以显性效应为主;2个组合F2的基因遗传率较高,环境影响相对较小。[结论]西葫芦果长育种宜早代选择。     

番茄可溶性固形物含量的主基因+多基因遗传分析

番茄可溶性固形物对番茄品质有着重要的影响,其含量的高低直接影响番茄的甜度、酸度和风味,因此培育高可溶性固形物含量的番茄是育种家重要的育种目标之一。本研究利用含有高可溶性固形物基因的材料TA1218和LA1563,采取植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型多世代联合分析方法,探讨TA1218×TMFbg-1-0-0(组合I)和LA1563×TMFbg-1-0-0(组合II)的P1、P2、F1和F23个世代番茄可溶性固形物性状的遗传。结果表明:可溶性固形物的遗传在组合I中受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制,在组合II中受两对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制;2个组合中的的两对主基因均存在加性负效应,组合Ⅰ中两对主基因均具有显性负效应,而组合Ⅱ中2对主基因的显性效应均为正值;2对主基因间存在明显的基因互作效应;2个组合中F2群体的主基因的遗传率分别为86.540%、85.596%,均明显大于多基因遗传率4.418 9%、7.895 2%。可见可溶性固形物性状主要以主基因遗传为主,可以在早期世代进行选择。     

黄瓜把长主基因+多基因混合遗传分析

以2个性状稳定的华北型黄瓜自交系为亲本,建立了6个世代联合群体(P1、P2、F1、B1、B2、F2),采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对群体的把长进行多世代联合分析。结果表明,把长遗传受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因(E-1模型)控制,2对主基因的加性效应和显性效应均为负向效应,且存在一定的互作效应。在分离世代中,主基因的遗传率均比多基因的遗传率高,环境方差对表型方差的影响占有一定比重,即环境对把长的遗传影响较大,对于这个性状适于高代选择。     

西葫芦果径主基因-多基因混合遗传分析

[目的]为西葫芦果径育种提供依据。[方法]选用西葫芦自交系配制q-1×23-4G（组合1）和q-1×A-7（组合2）2个组合,构建了P1、F1、P2、BC1、BC2和F2 6个家系世代群体,应用植物数量性状主基因-多基因混合遗传模型对6个世代群体果径进行了多世代联合分析。[结果]2个组合的西葫芦的果径性状遗传为加性-显性-上位性2对主基因（B-1）遗传模型;2个组合F2的主基因遗传率较高,环境影响相对较小。[结论]西葫芦果径育种宜早代选择。     

爆裂玉米膨胀倍数性状主基因+多基因混合遗传分析

以爆裂玉米杂交组合吉爆902(吉812×吉704)的P1、F1、P2、B1:2、B2:2和F2:36个家系世代群体为材料,应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对爆裂玉米膨胀倍数进行多世代联合分析,结果表明:膨胀倍数受1对加性主基因+加性–显性多基因控制遗传。主基因存在加性效应,加性效应为负值(h=-0.2868)。该组合的膨胀倍数不存在杂种优势,多基因加性效应及显性效应为负,多基因效应使F1代的膨胀倍数减少。该杂交组合的B1:2、B2:2、F2:3群体的膨胀倍数主基因遗传力分别为27.5%、2.6%、19.0%。     

西葫芦果柄长主基因-多基因混合遗传分析

[目的]为西葫芦果柄长育种提供依据。[方法]选用西葫芦自交系配制q-1×23-4G（组合1）和q-1×A-7（组合2）2个组合,构建P1、F1、P2、BC1、BC2和F2 6个家系世代群体,应用植物数量性状主基因-多基因混合遗传模型对该6个世代群体果柄长进行多世代联合分析。[结果]2个组合西葫芦的果柄长性状遗传为加性-显性-上位性2对主基因（B-1）遗传模型;2个组合F2的主基因遗传率较低,环境影响相对较大。[结论]西葫芦果柄长育种宜采用个体选择法,可在晚世代选择。     

番茄果重性状的主基因+多基因混合模型分析

利用番茄材料860、HYT及其F1、F2共4个群体,采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对番茄果实重量进行遗传分析,按一步法计算求出最大似然函数值和AIC值.结果表明,在所有模型中,E_5模型的AIC值最低,为最优模型,即番茄果实重量由两对完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因共同控制.     

西葫芦果形指数主基因-多基因混合遗传分析

[目的]为西葫芦果形指数育种提供依据。[方法]选用蔓生和矮生的西葫芦自交系配制q-1×23-4G（组合1）和q-1×A-7（组合2）2个组合,构建P1,F1,P2,B1,B2和F26个家系世代群体,应用植物数量性状主基因-多基因混合遗传模型对6个世代群体果形指数进行多世代联合分析。[结果]2个组合的西葫芦果形指数遗传均为1对加性主基因＋加性-显性多基因（D-2）遗传模型,以显性效应为主;2个组合F2的基因遗传率较高,环境影响相对较小。[结论]西葫芦果形指数育种宜早代选择。     

辣椒果实硬度性状的主基因+多基因遗传分析

以辣椒软果自交系830( P1)和硬果自交系832(P2)为双亲,构建P1、F1、P2、B1、B2和F2共6个家系世代群体,应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对该6个世代群体进行多世代联合分析,结果表明:辣椒果实硬度遗传符合1对加性主基因+加-显性多基因遗传模型.主基因的加性效应为0.159,多基因的加性效应和显性效应均为负向效应.且在分离世代中,多基因的遗传率均比主基因的遗传率高,环境方差对表型方差的影响占很高比重,即环境对果实硬度的遗传影响较大.     

基于主基因+多基因混合模型的水稻半矮秆基因的遗传分析

利用半矮生水稻品种沈稻4号(P_1)和中高秆晶系沈农637(P_2)及其杂交后代F_1、F_2群体,运用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对株高的遗传进行了联合分离分析.结果表明:株高性状受两对加性-显性-上位性主基因和加性-显性-上位性多基因共同控制.两对主基因的加性效应近似相等,分别为-4.742和-4.741,主基因遗传力为47.13%,多基因遗传力为41.33%.     

AL型小麦育性恢复主基因+多基因混合遗传分析

[目的]研究 AL 型雄性不育育性恢复基因的遗传模型.[方法]通过 AL 型小麦不育系(♀)与恢复系(♂)杂交,获得杂交后代分离群体,采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分离分析法对亲本 P1 和 P2 以及杂种后代 Fl 和 F2 群体 4 个世代的育性进行分析.[结果]AL 型育性恢复基因的最适遗传模型为 E-1,育性恢复基因由两对加性-显性-上位性主基因和加性-显性多基因共同控制,主基因遗传率为 85.92;.[结论]小麦 AL 型雄性不育育性恢复基因由两对主效基因和多对微效基因控制,主效基因遗传力较高,在小麦育种中有较高的利用价值.     

Genetic Analysis of Panicle Related Traits in Wheat with Major Gene Plus Polygenes Mixed Model

【Objective】 Panicle traits are important yield traits of wheat, occupying an important position and role in wheat yield composition. Carrying out genetic research on wheat panicle traits and analyzing its genetic mechanism provide theoretical and practical guidance for formulating high-yield breeding strategies and improving breeding efficiency. 【Method】 Based on the length of the main stem, the number of spikelets, the number of grains per spike, and the number of spikelets, the main gene + polygene mixed genetic model of quantitative traits was used to obtain the parental product 34 and the male parent under different ecological conditions. BARRAN and its derived F_7:8, F_8:9 generation recombinant inbred line population (RIL) were used for genetic model analysis and genetic parameter estimation of panicle traits to determine the number of genes controlling various traits, and to estimate genetic effect values and heritability. 【Result】The best genetic model for panicle length and spikelet number were B-2-1 (PG-AI), which was consistent with two pairs of linked major genes + additive-epistasis polygene genetic model. The polygenic heritability of spike length was 90.64%, the polygenic heritability of spikelet number was 89.52%, the average of environmental variation of spike length accounted for 9.39% in phenotypic variation, and the average of environmental variation of spikelet number accounted for 10.50% in phenotypic variation; Major gene heritability was 69.39%, Polygenes heritability rate was 29.94%, and the average environmental variation accounted for 2.18% in phenotypic variation. Additive effect value of the first pair of main genes controlling the number of spikes and the additive effect value of the third pair of major genes are equal, and the same was 4.56, which has a positive effect. The additive effect value of the second pair of major genes was the same as the additive effect of the first pair of major genes × the second pair of major genes × the third pair of major genes, both of which were -1.44, and are negative effects. The additive and additive × additive epistasis interaction values were equal to the additive and the second pair of major gene additions × the third pair of major gene additive epistatic interactions, both of which were -6.02. Additive and the first pair of major gene additive × the third pair of main gene additive epistatic interaction effect value is 0.18, the multi-gene additive effect value is 0.15, showing a lower positive genetic effect; H-1(4MG-AI) was best-fitting genetic model for the spikelet number traits, which showed that their inheritance was controlled by incorporating four major genes additive-epistasis genetic model. The heritability of the main gene was 81.50%. The additive effect values of the main genes in the first to fourth pairs were 0.22, 0.18, -0.20, and 0.24, respectively, the additive and epistatic interactions of the first pair of major genes × the first pair of major genes were -0.170, the additive effect value of the additive and the first pair of major genes × the third pair of major genes was 0.240. the additive effect value of the additive and the first pair of major genes × the fourth pair of major genes was -0.200, additive and the second pair of major genes × the third pair of major genes × additive effect value and additive and the second pair of major gene additive × fourth pair of major gene additive epistatic interaction value absolute value, the effect in contrast, the former value was 0.030, and the latter value was -0.030. The additive effect value of the additive and the third pair of major genes × the fourth pair of major genes was 0.060. 【Conclusion】The panicle traits of wheat are mainly polygenic genetic effects, which are in line with quantitative genetic characteristics and are susceptible to environmental influences. The number of spikelet grains has the genetic characteristics of the main gene. The main gene has high heritability and is affected by the environment. The number of spikelets can be used as a direct indicator to effectively improve the early selection of panicle traits, achieving single plant directional selection and improving breeding efficiency.     

中国南瓜第1雌花节位的主基因+多基因遗传分析

为明确中国南瓜第1雌花节位的遗传规律,选用中国南瓜杂交组合89-1×93-5的P1、P2、F1、F2、BCP1、BCP2的6个世代为研究对象,应用植物数量性状的主基因+多基因遗传模型研究其遗传规律。结果表明,该群体第1雌花节位的遗传符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性。显性多基因混合遗传模型。2对主基因的加性效应均为0.068 4,均使第1雌花节位升高;显性效应分别为-4.826 5和-0.905 8。多基因的加性效应和显性效应分别3.008 5和-1.566 8。其主基因遗传率在BCP1、BCP2、F2分别为74.34%、68.17%、89.84%,多基因遗传率在BCP1、BCP2、F2均为0;说明主基因表现出较高的遗传力,可以在早期世代对第1雌花节位进行选择。     

樱桃番茄种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

从200个随机引物中筛选出27个引物,对32个樱桃番茄品种进行RAPD分析,并对樱桃番茄遗传多样性和分类进行探讨和研究,结果显示,27个引物共扩增出207条DNA谱带,其中多态条带139条,多态性程度为 67．15％;平均每个引物产生7．67条,每个引物可扩增出2-12条多态性谱带,谱带大小为270-2 000 bp;遗传距离D值在0．33水平上,能将供试材料聚为3类:野生种聚成一类,果皮为黄色和少数红色品种聚成一类,全部是红色聚成一类;此外,还发现从重要特征观察,樱桃番茄品种表现出一定的聚集趋势。     

胡麻亚麻酸含量的遗传分析

亚麻酸是胡麻脂肪酸组成的主要成分,也是胡麻品质改良的主要目标。为深入研究胡麻亚麻酸含量的遗传规律,基于6个世代遗传群体(P_1、F_1、P_2、B_(1:2)、B_(2:2)、F_(2:3)),采用数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析胡麻亚麻酸含量的遗传模式。结果表明,胡麻亚麻酸含量符合1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型,主基因的加性效应在亚麻酸含量的遗传控制中具有重要贡献;B_(1:2)、B_(2:2)和F_(2:3)世代主基因遗传率分别为33.59%、46.95%和53.92%,多基因遗传率分别为25.60%、19.35%和14.43%;通过群体品质分析,筛选出高亚麻酸材料15份,高含油量材料7份,这些优异材料为胡麻品质育种奠定了良好的基础。