Stability of Carotenoids, Total Phenolics and In Vitro Antioxidant Capacity in the Thermal Processing of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) Cultivars Grown in Brazil

Intervention strategies regarding the biofortification of orange-fleshed sweet potato, which is a rich source of carotenoids for combating vitamin A deficiency, are being developed in Brazil. This study was conducted to evaluate the concentrations of individual carotenoids, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in the roots of four biofortified sweet potato cultivars that were raw or processed by four common heat treatments. HPLC, Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH and ABTS assays were used. All cultivars showed high levels of carotenoids in raw roots, predominantly all-trans-β-carotene (79.1-128.5?mg.100?g(-1) DW), suggesting a high estimated vitamin A activity. The CNPH 1194 cultivar reported carotenoids values highest than those of other cultivars (p?相似文献   

甘薯(Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.)试管苗种质保存技术研究进展

甘薯种质资源的大田种植保存面临着严重的病毒感染以及病虫害、自然灾害的影响.由茎尖分生组织培养成无病毒苗并进行试管保存,是当前既经济又实用的方法.     

Nurturing of Plantlets Using Cut Pieces from the Storage Roots of Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) and their Productivity in the Field

Abstract

A new nurturing method was studied using pieces cut from storage roots to reduce the time-consuming and laborious works (raising, preparing, and transplanting of cut sprouts), which accounts for about 60% of the total working hours in sweet potato production by the conventional method. The experiments were conducted in 1997 and 1998 using 1– and 10–g (fresh weight) cut pieces from storage roots (cultivar ; Koganesengan). Five kinds of growth regulators were applied at the concentrations ranging from 0 to 200 mg L^–1 to promote rooting and shooting from the pieces. After the treatment with growth regulators, the pieces were subjected to an antiseptic curing treatment, and then incubated on wet vermiculite at 30°C. Rooting was effectively induced by IAA, and shooting by ABA, within one to two weeks. The plantlets were developed from 10–g pieces with periderm after the treatment with ABA, and were nurtured for 10, 30 and 50 days. They vigorously grew with no transplanting injury after being planted in the field in early May. They were harvested in late October and were compared for shoot growth and productivity with the control (the conventional method using cut sprouts). The plantlets nurtured for 50 days achieved the highest yield and the best qualities and did not show the thickening of mother roots obserbed in direct planting using whole storage roots. In conclusion, the new nurturing method is superior to conventional methods in both productivity and quality. However, there are still several problems to be solved, such as low shooting rate and so on.     

Genotypic variation for potassium uptake and utilization efficiency in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)

Field experiments were conducted to study genotypic variation for potassium uptake and utilization efficiency in sweet potato for 2 years. In 1997, a field experiment was conducted using 84 genotypes under no potassium fertilization. In 1998, two field experiments were carried out. In experiment I, eight good genotypes evaluated from the previous experiment were tested at two K application levels: 0 and 270 kg ha⁻¹ of K₂SO₄. In experiment II, three special varieties with respect to pigment content were tested at five K levels from 0 to 600 kg ha⁻¹. A split-plot design with three replications was used.Variation existed among genotypes in K concentration, accumulation and potassium efficiency ratio (KER) in the field. Among various plant parts, petiole contained the highest K concentration and storage roots had the highest K accumulation at maturity. These changed considerably with genotype and K level. KER had significant positive correlation with root weight per plant, root:top ratio and harvest index (HI); and significantly negative correlation with K concentration and accumulation in the roots or whole plant at maturity.Based on KER, genotypes were identified as efficient and inefficient in potassium utilization. Yield increased generally in all genotypes with K application. The increase, however, varied among different genotypes. It was also found from this study that the fertilizer level that gave the highest yield was K₂ which is 300 kg ha⁻¹ of K₂SO₄. The yield increase as a result of K application was mainly due to the increase in root:top ratio which led to greater amount of photosynthate translocation to the storage roots causing their increase in size.Most of the quality parameters tested increased with increasing levels of K nutrition. Root dry matter (%), Brix (%), carotene content, anthocyanin content increased with K application. The extent of increase, however, differed with genotypes. Protein content generally tended to reduce with increase in K level. The degree of reduction also varied with genotypes.     

6个甘薯品种干物质积累与分配特性的研究

以高干型（渝薯1号和渝薯27）、中干型（渝苏303、渝苏8号和渝薯99）和低干型（潮薯1号）甘薯为研究对象,考察移栽15、30、60、90、120 d后干物质积累和分配的特性及其与主要农艺性状的相关性。结果表明：与中、低干型品种比较,高干型品种前期（15~60 d）干物质积累多,增速快,地上部干物质分配比例高,在中期（60~90 d）地上部干物质增长速度达到最高值为2.31 g/(plant·d),生长前、中期净同化率较高,最高达12.018 g/(m ²·d)。各时期生物总干产均与叶片干物质积累呈极显著正相关,而与各部位干物质分配比例没有相关性,块根干产与块根干物质分配比例在60 d前呈显著或极显著正相关。高干型品种中期茎叶稳健生长,干物质向块根转移早,后期（90~120 d）叶面积和叶片干产不衰减,这些特点有利于品种高产。本研究为甘薯品质育种和产业化开发提供了依据。     

超高压和热处理对番木瓜浆品质影响的研究

对比不同处理超高压与热处理达到商业无菌的番木瓜浆,分析其理化性质和营养成分影响。结果表明:超高压处理对番木瓜浆色泽无显著影响,但热处理后色泽明显加深。热处理和超高压处理对可溶性固形物、p H值、总酸度影响不明显。总多酚、维生素C含量经热处理后显著降低,但超高压处理对其没有影响。研究表明,超高压处理对于番木瓜浆有很好的杀菌效果,能较好地保持番木瓜浆中的天然营养成分,对番木瓜加工来说是一种很有前景的非热加工技术。     

Effects of Baking and Boiling on the Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of Sweet Potato [<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ipomoea batatas</Emphasis> (L.) Lam.] Cultivars

The effects of baking and boiling on the nutritional and antioxidant properties of three sweet potato cultivars (Beniazuma, Koganesengan, Kotobuki) cultivated in Turkey were investigated. The samples were analyzed for proximate composition, total phenolic content, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, antiradical activity, and free sugars. The dry matter, protein, and starch contents of the sweet potatoes were significantly changed by the treatments while the ash and crude fiber contents did not differ as significantly. The β-carotene contents of baked and boiled sweet potatoes were lower than those of fresh sweet potatoes; however, the total phenolic and ascorbic acid contents of the baked and boiled sweet potatoes were higher than those of the fresh samples. Generally, the antiradical activity of the sweet potatoes increased with the treatments. Sucrose, glucose, and fructose were quantified as free sugars in all fresh sweet potatoes; however, maltose was determined in the treated samples. In terms of the analyzed parameters, there were no explicit differences among the sweet potato cultivars.     

Rheological and Thermal Properties of Potato Starch

<正>Particle size, rheological and thermal properties of potato starch from Yunnan province of China was investigated. The particle size ranges from 0.429-102.3 μm determined by laser light-scatter. The major flow type of 6 w/v% potato starch was shear-thinning fluid even the shear rate up to 800·s-1, and the gel formed by 6 w/v% potato starch fell to weak gel for its little difference between G′ and G′′, high dependence on frequency and low value of G′(Pa). The hardness and cohesiveness of potato starch gel were 31.3 g and 131.9 g·s, respectively. The thermal properties of potato starch were also determined by DSC at the starch∶ water = 3∶ 1. The To, Tp, and △H of potato starch were 62.23℃, 67.31℃, and 2.22 J·g-1.     

彩椒的离体快繁研究

以红盾彩椒为试材,进行组培快繁,研究不同激素类型与配比组合对愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化及芽的伸长的影响,并初步建立彩椒的组培快繁体系。 结果表明：子叶愈伤诱导最适培养基为：MS＋0.3 mg/L 6-BA＋1.0 mg/L NAA;不定芽诱导最适培养基为：MS＋3.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.5 mg/L IAA＋4.0 mg/L AgNO3;芽伸长最适培养基为：MS＋2.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L IAA＋2.0 mg/L ZT＋2.0 mg/L GA3;最后在1/2MS＋0.5 mg/L IBA(或 0.5 mg/L NAA)培养基上进行生根培养。     

褒美槟榔芋套种甘薯高产栽培技术

通过对褒美槟榔芋的选地、选种、田间管理及套种甘薯等技术要点的论述,总结褒美槟榔芋套种甘薯的双高产优质栽培技术。     

Genetic Diversity and Yield Stability of Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)

The present study was under taken to investigate the genetic distance and the performance of thirty one potato genotypes in diverse environments.Multivariate and canonical analysis were used to study genetic diversity among the genotypes and stability parameters were estimated according to Eberhart and Russell,Parkinge and Jinks and Freeman and Perkins models for plant height,branch number per plant,tuber number and tuber weight.Thirty one genotypes were grouped in to six clusters with the help of Mahalonobis distance and canonical analysis.The stability analysis revealed that yield was greatly influenced by the environments.Most of the studied genotypes were sensitive for yield with the environment.For over-all performance 'Hera','Chamak','Patnai','Lala pakri','TPS-7','TPS-364','Somerset' and 'Superior' were the best genotypes for tuber yield and breeding material for potato breeding.     

紫薯淀粉与卡拉胶共混体系糊化及流变学特性的研究

为考察亲水性胶体与紫薯淀粉之间互作机理,以紫薯淀粉为原料,加入不同比例的卡拉胶,研究紫薯淀粉/卡拉胶共混体系糊化及流变学特性的影响。布拉邦德黏度曲线表明,与单独紫薯淀粉相比,添加卡拉胶可增加共混体系的峰值黏度、终值黏度、崩解值及回生值;静态流变学特性研究表明,紫薯淀粉/卡拉胶共混体系均属典型的非牛顿流体,具有假塑性流体的特征,添加卡拉胶后,可提高共混体系的增稠性,降低其流动性,有助于提高体系的假塑性与剪切稳定性;动态流变学特性研究表明,紫薯淀粉/卡拉胶共混体系具有更高的储存模量(G′)和损耗模量(G″),表现出较优越的黏弹特性;在剪切结构恢复力试验中,随着卡拉胶的比例增大,共混体系的恢复力增大。这提示卡拉胶的加入,能改善紫薯淀粉的稳定性,对紫薯产品生产具有一定的应用价值。     

The History of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Research in Spain

Principal activities of the NEIKER-Basque Institute of Agricultural Research contributing to potato research in Spain are described from its origin in 1933 to 2004. In the first period, the genetic crosses begun and the first Spanish variety called “Eminencia” was obtained. From the 1950s (second period) the Station was divided into four sections: virology, ecology, pre-basic potato production and genetics. In 1979 (third period) a new generation of scientists was brought in to reinvigorate activities like genetic breeding and to start new ones, such as tissue culture, nematology, pathology and serology. Since the 1980s, a total of 23 varieties have been registered, which have good industrial attributes or fresh consumption characteristics.     

菜、稻、薯三熟三高产高效栽培模式

采用菜、优质稻、甘薯水旱轮作种植模式,通过合理轮作,合理安排,科学管理,不仅提高了农田复种指数,保证粮食安全,而且获得三熟三高产、高效的经济效益。     

氮素形态与马铃薯品质的关系

在田间条件下研究了不同形态氮素对马铃薯块茎硝酸盐含量、淀粉、蛋白质及还原糖含量的影响。结果表明,马铃薯块茎内硝酸盐含量从块茎形成期到成熟收获期是逐渐降低的。使用铵态氮肥并加硝化抑制剂双氰胺可以显著地抑制马铃薯块茎硝酸盐的积累;与硝酸盐含量变化相似,从块茎形成期到收获期蛋白质含量也逐渐降低,不同氮素形态处理对马铃薯块茎内蛋白质含量的影响无显著差异;铵态氮添加双氰胺处理可降低块茎还原糖含量。虽然马铃薯被认为是喜硝作物,但本研究表明,不同氮素形态处理不仅没有造成马铃薯产量的显著差异,而且块茎内淀粉含量也无显著差异。     

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar response to bentazon and crop oil

Bentazon [3-(l-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,l,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] was applied at two rates to nine potato cultivars in the field, with or without a crop oil, to plant foliage at two different heights. Seven days after application of bentazon, foliar injury ranged from 0 to 36 percent depending on rate, cultivar, and plant height at the time of application. Of nine cultivars tested, Russet Burbank was the most susceptible to injury and Red LaSoda the least susceptible. A bentazon application rate of 1.12 kg a.i./ha, compared to a rate of 0.84 Kg a.i./ha, resulted in a biologically insignificant increase in foliar injury of two to four percent and a significant increase in weed control. The addition of crop oil to bentazon did not result in an increase of foliar injury, but increased the percentage of weeds controlled approximately two-fold. With one exception, application of bentazon to plants 8–15 cm in height resulted in less foliar injury than application to plants 20–30 cm in height. Application of bentazon to larger plants resulted in lower yield and quality. For most cultivars, the application of bentazon (1.12 kg/ha a.i.) and crop oil (2.3 L/ha) to 8 to 15 cm-tall potato plants resulted in no appreciable loss in potato tuber yield, while controlling 74–85 percent of broadleaf weeds.     

Comparison of Content and In vitro Bioaccessibility of Provitamin A Carotenoids in Home Cooked and Commercially Processed Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas Lam)

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) remains a public health problem in some regions of Brazil. Increased use of orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) as a source of...     

Protein Characterization of Protein Bodies from Cotyledons of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC

Seeds of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. (Fabaceae) were analyzed for protein composition of protein bodies isolated from cotyledons. Protein bodies were successfully separated by Lympholyte and those of dry seeds, observed by scanning electron microscope, were elliptical or spherical in shape with a diameter of 5–12 μm. Protein content in dry seed protein bodies was 10.6 mg/g dry weight. Globulin was the largest protein fraction isolated (62.5 %), followed by albumin (18.3 %), glutelin (15.8 %) and prolamin (3.4 %). The prolamin fraction and high glutelin content are uncommon in legumes. SDS-PAGE of albumins, globulins, prolamins and glutelins provided different band numbers and molecular weights under reducing and non reducing conditions and suggested that the albumin fraction is rich in disulphide bonds.