电子商务环境下木材物流网络均衡发展策略

随着我国木材加工产业的蓬勃发展,木材物流得到了快速发展,受到相关政府部门和企业高度重视。电子商务的发展推动了我国木材物流网络的迅速发展,有助于完善木材加工的整体产业链。论述了我国木材物流系统发展现状,分析了木材物流网络建设存在的主要问题,在此基础上提出了木材物流体系发展策略。旨在提高当前木材物流产业的整体管理水平,节约物流成本,在市场经济体制中提高产业综合竞争力。     

基于区间直觉模糊集的木材进口物流服务商评价与选择

自我国全面禁止天然林砍伐以来,木材进口量显著增多,木材加工业原材料价格以及物流成本居高不下,木材企业生产经营面临巨大成本压力。针对这一问题,文中建立了物流服务商评价指标体系,应用区间直觉模糊评价法构建了相应的选择评价模型,并进行实证分析。结果表明,该评价指标体系以及区间直觉模糊集法具备科学性和实用性,为木材流通领域的后续研究提供了新方法和思路,可以有效辅助我国木材行业企业选出高效物流服务商,提高其行业竞争力,从而有效推动木材行业的高质量发展。     

谈如何加强木材产品物流管理水平

本文分析了木材产品市场营销中存在的问题 ,提出了加强物流管理的具体措施。     

新疆木材流通领域监管现状与对策

木材流通领域管理，是森林资源管理的一项重要环节，是通过木材凭证运输制度、木材运输检查监督制度、木材经营加工管理许可证制度的监督管理，达到保护森林资源、控制森林采伐总量、监督木材生产计划执行的有效措施，是防止乱砍滥伐和森林资源过度消耗、制止非法来源木材进人流通领域、维护     

加强木材生产劳动工资管理

本文着重对木材生产伐区阶段的劳动工资管理加以细化，对比、分析，从而为森工企业管理者提供决策依据，提高木材生产的经营管理水平，调动生产一线工人的积极性，以达到提高林业木材生产效率的目的。     

循环经济模式下现代物流助力木材加工业可持续发展策略

以互联网为基础的物联网乃至物联网+,都已基本实现正常化运营,其能够为生产制造型企业在生产过程中节省大量成本支出,这有助于促进木材资源消耗较大木材加工类行业的可持续发展。概述了循环经济与循环经济模式,介绍了现代物流与物联网+,分析了木材加工业实现低碳经营与可持续发展的前提条件,最后提出了现代物流助力木材加工业可持续发展的措施。     

木材加工企业的物流运输成本可控性研究

木材及木制品市场竞争日趋激烈,运输成本较高。我国木材加工企业为实现在全球贸易市场的经营,降低物流成本,应做好控制物流运输成本支出的相关研究。从水陆路渠道了解运输木材及木制品至不同国家及地区的多种方式,从而获得更多经济效益。简述了木材及木制品运输成本,探索了木材加工企业物流运输成本控制方向,分析了木材加工企业物流运输成本控制优势。     

天然林保护工程下的森林采伐伐区管理

在进行木材生产过程中，怎样才能实施好天然林保护工程，抓住伐区管理这个木材生产的源头，是关键的关键，本文详细的阐述了从伐区拨交到验收全过程的管理方法及要求，为加大天然林保护的力度起到了重要作用。     

基于效用函数的木材物流网络中的运输木材量控制研究

在木材物流网络中,降低木材物流成本,提高木材物流效率成为亟待解决的突出问题,而木材量的控制对于木材物流网络中的成本控制是一个极具挑战性的问题。针对上述问题,在研究木材运输成本控制的基础上,提出一种新的木材物流网络中的运输木材量控制方案来解决木材运输过程中的成本过高问题。此方案基于效用函数理论,来最小化木材物流网络中的运输成本。文章中围绕运输木材量控制模型展开讨论,构建基于效用函数的运输木材量控制模型,并研究模型的有效性,通过数字化仿真进行模型及结果验证。仿真表明通过所构建的模型可以得到木材物流网络中的最优化的运输木材量控制,从而有效的降低木材运输过程中的运输成本。     

木材汽运管理和使用现状及对策

木材汽运管理和使用现状及对策郭和平，范红（大兴安岭林管局松岭林业局）在森林采运生产过程中，木材运输生产阶段是伐区和贮木场生产的纽带，是整个木材生产过程中做功量最多的一个生产阶段。这一生产阶段的生产成本（按汽运来说）占木材生产成本的３０％～５０％。因此...     

Comparing multipurpose forest management with timber management,incorporating timber,carbon and oxygen values: A case study

Abstract

This paper comparatively examines two forest management planning approaches: multipurpose forest management and traditional timber management, with carbon, timber and oxygen production objectives in mind. The effects of both approaches on carbon and oxygen values were estimated with an oxygen and carbon flow matrix, while timber production was modelled through a growth and yield model. The estimated values were simultaneously integrated into a linear programming model developed for this study. The objective was to maximize the net present value (NPV) of the profits of timber, oxygen and carbon under the constraints of an even flow of timber production and ending forest inventory for each planning approach. The results showed that the ecological and environmental regulations in multipurpose management substantially decreased the NPV of timber production even though they increased the NPV of carbon and oxygen flow. The results also indicated that over a 100 year planning horizon the total NPV of all forest ecosystem values including carbon, timber and oxygen is almost the same (only 1.9% reduction in multipurpose management approach) in both management approaches. Although multipurpose management creates more NPV of carbon and oxygen than timber management does, the latter provides better results in terms of timber production. It is therefore important to take into account the NPV of all apparent and quantifiable forest values in preparing forest management plans, particularly in developing new management planning approaches.     

基于物联网的木材管理系统设计

介绍了物联网及其核心射频识别技术,对基于物联网的木材管理系统体系、功能结构以及工作流程进行设计.物联网技术在木材管理系统中的应用将实现木材管理系统的智能化识别、跟踪和监控,实现木材的集约化和现代化管理.     

Linking the past to the future: A reality check on cross-border timber trade from Myanmar (Burma) to China

The rapid development of China's economy, changing of domestic forestry policy and economic globalization are gradually pushing China to the position of the largest timber importer worldwide. The issue of China's increasing timber imports is now receiving extensive attention from the international community. Existing studies that analyze China's global timber sourcing focus on international trade data or rules at a predominantly macro-level, while few empirical studies exist. This paper takes a grounded approach to empirically study the timber trade from Myanmar to China via Yunnan Province. Using a global value chain analysis, the research identifies the flow of timber along the value chain, the different actors involved in the trade, and the institutions that shape the actor's access to the value chain, before calculating the profits among the different actors. The results show the Sino-Burmese border timber trade originated from traditional border trade and was recently booming along with the economic development of China. Along the timber value chain, however, a few privileged actors parasitize the timber value by exploiting real market participants with the power entitled to them by both governments. The research argues the challenges to improve sustainable timber trade lie not only in national law enforcement, but also improving the governance structure of the value chain by improving the transparency and accountability of timber harvesting concessions and trade permits.     

基于最优轮伐期模型的超限额采伐现象及其约束机制分析

文中将最优轮伐期模型应用于对超限额采伐现象的研究,认为由于国有森工企业的利润大多来自于木材销售收入,而企业领导的任期是有限的,他们只关心自己任期内的业绩,导致企业经营的目标实际上是短期木材收益的最大化,而不是我们所期待的可持续木材与生态综合收益最大化,甚至也不是私人拥有森林时所追求的长期木材收益的最大化。他们会设法突破政府设定的采伐限额,增加采伐量,造成森林资源加速衰退的不良后果,不仅生态功能迅速萎缩,木材产量也无法长期维持下去。同样的情形在国有林场短期租赁给私人经营时也极易发生。为尽量杜绝这种现象,有必要通过建立有效的监督和惩罚机制使超采所带来的额外收益小于被发现时上缴罚款的数学期望值,以此从根本上遏制住企业超限额采伐的动机。     

Making Forest Projects Sustainable

Abstract

At present Nepal's demand for forest products exceeds its production. The Sagarnath Forest Development Project with its 10,000 hectares in sissoo and eucalyptus plantations may fulfill part of the country's requirement of firewood and timber products. To ensure the sustainable management of these plantations, a harvesting plan was developed. Linear programming was applied to obtain optimal harvesting levels. Models for both sissoo and eucalyptus were run with and without nondeclining, and even flow constraints separately. Linear Interactive and Discrete Optimizer (LINDO) was used to run these models. The plan with even flow constraints was found to be the best fulfilling the demands of both timber and fuelwood to some extent and making the harvest financially sustainable.     

世界木材市场浅析

世界原木出口量呈下降趋势;加工的半成品、产品出口量呈增长趋势。木材出口国和地区为北美、欧洲、苏联和东南亚,而进口国和地区主要有日本、欧洲、中国和南朝鲜。文中研究了木材贸易与经济周期的关系以及贸易保护主义和集团化倾向对木材贸易的影响。建议我国木材进出口应实行多元化和协调一致共同对外的方针,同时要优化木材产品结构并抑制某些木材产品的过热消费。     

兴隆林业局木材缴库、存储、销售计算机管理系统开发模型

从管理层次、数据流、工作界面、功能模块、系统安全性等几个方面对兴隆林业局木材缴库、存储、销售计算机管理系统的开发模型进行了详细的分析。     

Treatment of timber products with gaseous borate esters

Summary Several factors which influence the treatment of timber products with vapour phase preservatives such as borate esters are considered. Gas flow rate through the substrate was found to be a significant factor limiting both preservative penetration and its rate of deposition. A theoretical model of the treatment process was developed and tested experimentally to determine the influence of several factors on the retention and distribution of boric acid. Gas flow into the timber product was influenced by permeability, pressure gradient and substrate moisture content. The implications of the findings are considered with regard to the treatment of wood and wood products with gaseous reagents.The authors wish to thank the following for their financial support and interest in this research programme — Rentokil Ltd, Rhone-Poulenc/Manchem Ltd, Forestry Commission, UK and Ireland Particleboard Association (now Panel Products Association), Norbord Highland plc (formerly Highland Forest Products plc), IMPEL     

Effective lateral resistance of timber–plywood–timber joints connected with nails

In this study, an experimental study was conducted on the nailed timber–plywood–timber joints extended from the standard wall–floor joints of wooden light frame constructions, where the bottom plates of shear walls are nailed to the floors consisting of joists and floor sheathings nailed to them. The principal conclusions are as follows: The allowable lateral resistance of the nailed timber–plywood–timber joints can roundly be estimated by neglecting the plywood panels if their densities are higher than those of the timber main-members and they are fastened effectively onto the timber main-members. The stiffness of the timber–plywood–timber joints is less than that of the control timber–timber joints, which is improved by increasing the number of nails used to fasten the plywood panels onto the timber main-members. The stiffness of the joints whose floor sheathings are glued onto the joists is equivalent to the control timber–timber joints. The timber–plywood–timber joints with appropriate specifications have greater energy capacity until the failure than that of the control timber–timber joints. This ensures their energy capacity, which is important in dynamic resistance, to be equivalent to the control timber–timber joints.     

Tropical Timber Trade Flows in P.R. China

The historical transition of timber distribution pattern in China was presented firstly with main parts of timber flows in China, which included timber markets, timber transport system and regulations of timber transport. Based on the overview on tropical timber flows in China, the trade flows of tropical timber from production and imports of tropical timber to export of tropical timber products were analyzed by vivid illustrations. At the same time, problems in timber trade flows in China were analysed in the end.