半无叶型豌豆7个农艺性状的通径分析及利用

对半无叶型豌豆不同品系的株高（x1）、单株荚数（x2）、分枝数（x3）、百粒重（x4）、单株粒数（x5）、双花双荚数（x6)和单株籽粒产量（y）进行了通径分析。结果表明：各个性状对产量的相对重要性排 序为单株粒数＞百粒重＞分枝数＞单株荚数＞双花双荚数＞株高，其中，各个农艺性状对单株产量 的直接效应中单株粒数最高，间接效应中单株荚数通过单株粒数对籽粒产量的间接作用最大。进一步分析表明：在利用半无叶型豌豆育种中，应以选择单株粒数、单株荚数为主，同时要注意增加双花双荚数，适当兼顾百粒重及其它。试验证明半无叶型豌豆在高产育种中有重要利用价值。     

南阳盆地直立型豌豆农艺性状与产量相关性及通径分析

采用相关分析和通径分析方法对22份豌豆品种（系）的主要农艺性状和产量进行分析。结果表明：农艺性状与产量的相关程度为：主茎节数＞百粒重＞单株荚数＞株高＞荚宽＞主茎分枝数＞单荚粒数＞荚长;关联顺序为：荚宽＞百粒重＞荚长＞单荚粒数＞主茎分枝数＞主茎节数＞株高＞单株荚数。两种分析结果基本吻合,影响豌豆产量的主要因子为百粒重和单株荚数。通径分析表明百粒重对产量的直接作用大,影响百粒重的直接性状为主茎节数,影响单株荚数的直接性状为单荚粒数和主茎分枝数,因此在筛选培育新品种时应注意考察主茎节数与主茎分枝数,以减少这些性状对产量的不利影响。     

黑龙江省中熟大豆品种主要农艺性状演变趋势的研究

黑龙江省近20年来中熟大豆品种遗传改进的明显趋势是株高、有效节数、一二粒荚数、三四粒荚数、单株荚数、单株粒数、每荚粒数和单株粒重增加,底荚高度略有增加。分枝数、蛋白质含量呈现先增后减的趋势,脂肪含量呈现先减后增的趋势,百粒重变化不大。株高、有效节数、三四粒荚数、单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重与单株粒重呈显著或极显著的正相关。各性状对单株粒重的贡献大小依次为单株粒数、单株荚数、三四粒荚数、株高、有效节数、百粒重。提高单株粒数、单株荚数、三四粒荚数,兼顾株高、有效节数、百粒重是该区大豆育种的主攻方向。     

黑龙江省中熟大豆品种主要农艺性状演变趋势分析

黑龙江省近20年来中熟大豆品种遗传改进的明显趋势是株高、有效节数、一二粒荚数、三四粒荚数、单株荚数、单株粒数、每荚粒数和单株粒重增加,底荚高度略有增加。分枝数、蛋白质含量呈现先增后减的趋势．脂肪含量呈现先减后增的趋势,百粒重变化不大。株高、有效节数、三四粒荚数、单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重与单株粒重呈显著或极显著的正相关。各性状对单株粒重的贡献大小依次为单株粒数、单株荚数、三四粒荚数、株高、有效节数、百粒重。提高单株粒数、单株荚数、三四粒荚数．兼顾株高、有效节数、百粒重是该区大豆育种的主攻方向。     

205份小扁豆种质农艺性状的遗传多样性分析

采用大田种植,在小扁豆成熟期对株高、主茎节数、分枝数、结荚节位、单株荚数、单株粒数、单荚粒数、单株产量、荚长、百粒重等10个性状,采用变异性分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析的统计方法,对收集的国内外205份小扁豆种质资源进行综合评价。结果显示,这些资源农艺性状的变异系数从大到小依次为单株荚数、单株产量、结荚节位、单株粒数、分枝数、百粒重、株高、主茎节数、单荚粒数、荚长。10个农艺性状间存在不同程度的相关性。主成分分析表明,前3个主成分特征值均大于1,累计贡献率大于60.41%。其中,第1主成分主要与单株荚数、单株产量相关,第2主成分主要与株高、分支数、主茎节数、百粒重、荚长、单荚粒数、结荚节位相关,第3主成分主要与单株粒数相关。聚类分析将205份种质在遗传距离为30时分为六大类。筛选出42份单株荚数多、单株粒数多、单荚粒数多、单株产量高、百粒重高的种质。     

夏播大豆生育期结构和农艺性状的遗传参数研究

试验从339个大豆品种中选取生育期小于100d的103个品种进行生育期结构特性与农艺性状之间的遗传参数分析。结果表明：1）单株荚数与单株粒数、生育前期呈极显著正相关,与R1呈显著正相关;单株粒数与R7呈显著正相关;百粒重与全生育期呈极显著正相关。2）遗传力＞60%的农艺性状分别为结荚高度、株高、主茎节数、R1、百粒重、生育前期、荚长、生育后期、全生育期。3）相对遗传进度的大小依次为主茎分枝数、有效分枝始节、结荚高度、株高、单株粒数。4）遗传变异系数＞25%的为主茎分枝数、有效分枝始节、结荚高度、单株粒数、株高、单株荚数。     

河南夏大豆区近30年主要大豆品种产量改良的遗传进展

提高产量是大豆育种的主要目标。研究大豆产量及其相关性状的遗传进展,对于今后制定高产育种策略有重要参考意义。本研究随机选择近30年河南主要育成品种中的18个大豆品种,进行两年产量评价试验的研究。结果表明,产量随育种年份增加总体呈递增趋势,遗传进展为17.39kghm^-2,年递增率是0.7%;有效分枝、主茎节数、百粒重、株高有弱的正向遗传进展,而单株荚数和每荚粒数表现弱的负向遗传进展,但均不显著。百粒重、主茎节数和株高与产量有显著的遗传相关与表型相关,环境相关均不显著,表明这3个性状具有较大的遗传力,随产量性状的遗传改良,这3个性状均协同提高,且不易受环境条件的影响;而有效分枝、单株荚数、每荚粒数与产量的遗传相关和表型相关均没达到显著水平,这是它们与百粒重、主茎节数、株高有极显著负遗传相关所致。     

利用混合线性模型分析绿豆主要农艺性状的遗传及相关性

以19个绿豆品种(系)为亲本, 采用非完全双列杂交试验设计及混合线性模型,研究绿豆主要农艺性状的遗传规律及其性状间的相互关系。结果表明, 绿豆全生育日数、株高、主茎节数和百粒重均以加性效应为主, 狭义遗传率较高且达极显著水平;单株荚数、单株产量和总产量的加性效应和显性效应均显著或极显著, 狭义遗传率相对较低;单荚粒数主要受显性效应影响, 广义遗传率较高;播种至开花天数与株高间存在显著或极显著遗传和表型正相关;单株荚数、单荚粒数与百粒重显著或极显著负相关;单株荚数与单株产量、总产量显著或极显著正相关;百粒重与单株产量、总产量相关性不大;针对全生育日数、株高、主茎节数和百粒重的选择可在早期世代进行, 而对产量的选择可以根据单株荚数和单株产量在晚期世代进行。     

菜用豌豆种质资源形态性状遗传多样性分析

对来自16个国家共200份菜用豌豆资源进行形态性状遗传多样性分析,结果显示,豌豆资源形态性状变异范围大,平均变异系数为29.87％.相关分析表明,株高与9个生物学性状之间存在显著或极显著的相关.基于形态性状,把200份豌豆种质聚类并划分为五大组群.其中第1组群具有大荚、单荚粒数高、产量高的特点;第3组群具有单株产量高、植株矮、绿色籽粒、软荚的特点;第5组群具有矮杆、早熟、大荚的特点.     

60Coγ诱变豌豆M2农艺性状与产量多重分析

为了更好的发掘利用豌豆辐射诱变变异后代资源,本研究分别以3种不同复叶类型豌豆为材料,通过对豌豆诱变M2代农艺性状进行相关分析、多元分析、通径分析、主成分分析,明确豌豆诱变后代产量的决定因子。结果表明不同复叶类型豌豆诱变M2的主要农艺性状的变异丰富,变异系数达0.171-0.8539;且结荚节数、单株荚数、单株粒数均与单株产量呈极显著正相关关系;通径分析结果证实,不同复叶类型豌豆诱变后代选择中,单株粒数及单株荚数对单株产量的影响均很大;主成分分析结果表明：单株荚数、单株粒数、结荚节数是高产型豌豆形态决定因子。豌豆诱变后代单株产量的主要决定因子依次为单株粒数、单株荚数、结荚节数,同时对百粒重给予足够重视。     

半无叶型菜豌豆7个农艺性状的通径分析

对“普通型日本菜豌豆×半无叶型菜豌豆宝菜2号”后代株系的株高（x1）、分枝数（x2）、糖度（x3）、单株荚数（x4）、双荚率（x5）、单株粒数（x6）、鲜百粒重（x7）、鲜荚产量（y）进行了通径分析。结果表明：各个性状对鲜荚产量均有直接正向效应,其相对重要性排序为单株粒数>鲜百粒重>单株荚数>分枝数>株高>糖度>双荚率,其中各个农艺性状对鲜荚产量的直接效应中单株粒数最高,鲜百粒重次之。间接效应中单株荚数通过单株粒数对鲜荚产量的间接作用最大。综合各影响因素,在选育半无叶型菜豌豆时应注意各农艺性状指标的合理搭配。     

Association analysis of yield and fibre quality characters in interspecific population of cotton (Gossypium spp.)

Seed cotton yield and fibre quality are controlled by polygenes and highly influenced by the environment. Hence, selection merely based on yield is not effective. In order to enhance the yield potential of the cotton varieties, an understanding of the relationship among different characters is of more importance. Knowledge on the direct contribution of different characters to yield would be highly important for formulating a selection programme. Correlation and path coefficient analysis were carried out using 62 progenies of an interspecific backcross population (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. KC 3 x Gossypium barbadense L. var. Suvin) x KC 3. Genotypic correlation studies revealed that number of bolls per plant, boll weight, number of sympodia per plant, number of seeds per boll, seed index, lint index, days to first flowering, and plant height have a significant positive association with seed cotton yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis showed that number of bolls per plant contributed maximum direct effect to seed cotton yield per plant followed by boll weight and lint index. The highest positive indirect effect on seed cotton yield per plant was also observed through number of bolls per plant. This indicated that seed cotton yield per plant was highly influenced by number of bolls per plant directly and indirectly. Thus, a greater emphasis should be given to number of bolls per plant, boll weight, and lint index for increasing seed cotton yield per plant.     

大豆产量与若干经济性状的遗传相关与选择

试验以6个熟期和结荚习性不同的陕西省大豆品种（系）为试材,研究了大豆产量和其它5个重要经济性状的遗传力,遗传相关和选择指数。结果发现,在考察的6个经济性状中,以单株荚数和单株粒数变异最大,遗传力也较高,可以获得较为理想的选择效果;小区产量和主茎节数有显著的遗传相关,包含主茎节数在内的性状组成的选择指数都有很好的选择效果,以主茎节数和百粒重组成的选择指数,其选择效率可达到直接选择的226%,因此对产量进行间接选择有很好的选择效果,在田间选择时应重点选择主茎节数多,籽粒中等偏小的品种。     

Early Generation Selection for Grain Yield in Narrow-Leaf Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)

Experiments were conducted with early segregating generations of a selected narrow-leaf lupin cross to determine the effectiveness of selection for yield based on alternative criteria. F2 plants were selected on the basis of seed yield and several other yield-related characters to generate separate F3 populations. Randomly selected plants from each population were grown over the summer (off-season) in a glasshouse to generate F4 populations. Analyses of relationships between F2 plant measurements and F3 progeny mean yields revealed significant correlations only for those characters with the highest heritabilities - flowering time, 100 seed weight and harvest index. However, selection for the earliest flowering F2 plants followed by selection within this group of plants with the highest number of pod bearing branches would result in the greatest increase in F3 mean yield. The F2-derived F4 populations with the highest seed yields were those obtained by selection for total plant dry weight, number of pod bearing branches and number of pods per plant. Improvement in commercial crop yield should therefore be obtained through selection in early generations for those characters contributing to the greatest number of pods per unit area. A scheme involving selection for early flowering and high number of pod bearing branches in the F2 combined with replicated yield tests in the F4 is proposed.     

不同密度紧凑型油菜的源库特征及与收获指数的相关研究

旨在为油菜株型育种和机械化栽培提供理论和技术依据。选用3个不同类型的紧凑型油菜常规品种,以松散型油菜杂交种‘秦优7号’为对照,研究了在15万、30万、45万、60万、75万、90万株/hm²密度下各品系的库源特征及其与收获指数的关系。结果表明,紧凑型油菜单株在不同密度下的库源特征与对照松散型相同,单株根、茎、枝、壳干重,角粒数和单株角果数随种植密度的增加而降低,且低密度显著高于高密度;千粒重随密度的变化不大。紧凑型油菜的生物学产量和经济产量随种植密度的增加而增加,松散型油菜随种植密度的增加而下降。说明紧凑型油菜适宜密植和机械化收获。收获指数对密度的响应在两类型品种表现一致,最低密度15万株/hm²增加到30万株/hm²时达到峰值,以后随着种植密度的继续增加而降低。收获指数与茎+枝+壳干重之和,与库性状角粒数、角果数、千粒重、单株产量,与库源关系的粒根比、粒茎比、粒枝比、粒壳比显著正相关,说明要提高收获指数不仅要扩“源”增“库”,还要协调库源的合理分配比例。     

藜麦主要农艺性状与单株产量的相关和通径分析

为探究藜麦主要农艺性状对单株产量的作用,对10个藜麦新品系的7个主要农艺性状（生育期、株高、茎粗、主茎分枝数、主花序长、主花序分枝数、千粒重）与单株产量进行相关性、多元线性回归和通径分析。结果表明,株高和茎粗与藜麦单株产量呈极显著正偏相关;7个农艺性状可以解释51.60%藜麦单株产量的变异,株高（X₂）和茎粗（X₃）可以解释48.20%藜麦单株产量的变异,最优回归方程为Y=-102.340+1.040X₂+3.257X₃;株高和茎粗对藜麦单株产量的直接影响最大。因此,在适宜种植密度基础上,将适当提高株高和茎粗作为云南昆明及周边地区高产藜麦选育的方向。     

Comparative Study for the Relative Importance of Characters Contributing to Seed-Cotton Yield in American and Egyptian Cottons

The path coefficient analysis was employed to determine the contribution of boll number per plant, boll weight and seed index characters to the variation in seed-cotton yield per plant, in the American and Egyptian cotton varieties; McNair 220 and Giza 75 respectively. Data obtained from yield trials carried out at Fayoum Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, in two growing seasons, 1982 and 1983, were used in this analysis.
It was found that boll number per plant had the greatest contribution to seed cotton yield in both American and Egyptian cotton varieties. Selection for number of bolls/plant and boll weight in American Upland cotton accounts for about 75% of the yield. While in Egyptian cotton, number of bolls/plant and boll weight account for about 60% only of yield.
The arrangement of the components contributing to plant yield, according to their relative importance in McNair 220 variety was:
(1) The direct effect of bolls/plant. (2) The direct effect of boll weight. (3) The joint effect of number of bolls with boll weight. While in Giza 75 variety the arrangement was as follows:
(1) The direct effect of number of bolls per plant. (2) The joint effect of number of bolls with boll weight. (3) The direct effect of boll weight.     

Effect of Intercropping on the Yield Components of Rice, Mungbean, Soybean, Peanut and Blackgram

An experiment with sixteen cropping systems (pure and intercroppings) was conducted during the kharif season of 1985 and 1986. The sixteen cropping systems were: sole rice, sole mungbean, sole soybean, sole peanut, sole blackgram, rice + mungbean (2:1), rice + mungbean (4:1), rice + mungbean deferred (2:1), rice + soybean (2:1), rice + soybean (4 : 1), rice + soybean deferred (2 : 1), rice + peanut (2:1), rice + peanut (4 : 1), rice + blackgram (2:1), rice + blackgram (4:1) and rice + blackgram deferred (2:1). Sole crop of rice always recorded higher number of effective tillers/m², however, it was observed that legumes had an influence on the number of filled grains per panicle and thousand grain weight of rice in rice + legume combinations. Among legumes, pure crops of soybean and peanut always gave rise to increased number of yield components than the other crops grown in association with rice. In case of mungbean, number of pods per plant and thousand seed weight was higher in pure crops though number of seeds per pod was more with rice + mungbean combination. Deferred sown blackgram in association with rice yielded greater number of seeds per pod and thousand seed weight though sole crop of blackgram significantly produced higher number of pods per plant.     

Correlation Studies and Path Coefficient Analysis in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Field investigations were carried out at the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, India during 1989—1990 to study the genotypic character association in sesame. The F4 and F5 generations of TSS6 X TMV3 and TMV3 X TSS6 were raised and eight genotypic characters were recorded: plant height; primary branches; secondary branches; capsule number per plant; seed number per capsule; 1000 seed—weight; oil content and seed yield per plant. Correlation studies showed that the magnitude and direction of correlation between eight pairs of traits varied with generations in both crosses involving two genotypes reciprocally. Single plant yield had a strong significant and positive relationship with capsule number in both generations of the two cross combinations indicating the close link between the two traits. The path coefficient analysis revealed that direct and indirect contributions by different traits primary branches, secondary branches, capsule number per plant, seed number per capsule and 1000—seed weight had to be considered as the most important traits in the determination of seed yield and selection of parents.