昆明气候节律对西门塔尔牛精液品质的影响

[目的]西门塔尔牛分布极广,本文旨在分析云南昆明气候条件对西门塔尔牛精液品质的影响,以便进一步提高种公牛冷冻精液质量。[方法]对西门塔尔牛2011年至2016年不同季节和节气的射精量、原精活力、精子密度、解冻活力进行测定、记录和统计分析。[结果]结果得出,西门塔尔牛春季的射精量、精子密度、原精活力和冷冻精液解冻活力分别为6.82±2.129mL(n=1729)、66.75±7.620%、11.5±7.955亿/mL和37.94±2.642%(n=1417);夏季的射精量、精子密度、原精活力和冷冻精液解冻活力分别为6.89±2.048mL(n=1849)、66.05±7.314%、10.95±4.7450亿/mL和37.56±2.638%(n=1550);秋季的射精量、精子密度、原精活力和冷冻精液解冻活力分别为6.89±3.335mL(n=1819)、65.81±8.687%、10.10±4.621亿/mL和37.82±2.686%(n=1537);冬季的射精量、精子密度、原精活力和冷冻精液解冻活力分别为6.94±2.154mL(n=1847)、66.77±6.709%、10.40±5.056亿/mL和37.75±2.557%(n=1622)。[结论]西门塔尔牛精子活力和密度受气候和季节变化的影响明显。     

槟榔江水牛精液品质的研究

试验对2头槟榔江水牛和摩拉、尼里水牛不同季节的射精量、精子密度、精子活力等指标进行了测定,同时对槟榔江水牛的冷冻精液活力进行了对比研究。结果得出：槟榔江水牛在人工饲养条件下,公牛的射精量为（4．50±1．65）mL、精子密度为（9．3±3．3）亿／mL、原精活力（62．80±10．88）％;冷冻精液解冻活力平均可达（36．60±2．40）％、畸形率为（19．90±5．57）％、精子复苏率为（58．28±8．73）％,其他指标与一般黄牛基本一致。并对影响槟榔江水牛精液品质的主要因素进行了分析研究。     

物候节律对河流型水牛精液质量影响的分析

对摩拉水牛和尼里水牛2006—2014年不同季节和节气的射精量、原精活力、精子密度、解冻活力进行测定、记录和统计分析。结果:河流型水牛春季的射精量、精子密度、原精活力和冷冻精液解冻活力平均分别为(4.80±2.063)m L(n=2 216)、(57.61±14.727)%(n=2 209)、(7.79±4.165)亿/m L(n=2 213)和(36.00±2.581)%(n=1 413);夏季的射精量、精子密度、原精活力和冷冻精液解冻活力平均分别为(53.28±2.311)m L(n=2 392)、(60.32±10.515)%(n=2 379)、(8.26±4.250)亿/m L(n=2 389)和(35.99±2.506)%(n=1 823);秋季的射精量、精子密度、原精活力和冷冻精液解冻活力平均分别为(5.28±2.161)m L(n=1 977)、(61.15±16.462)%(n=1 965)、(8.28±4.212)亿/m L(n=1 977)和(36.56±9.897)%(n=1 517);冬季的射精量、精子密度、原精活力和冷冻精液解冻活力平均分别为(5.02±2.019)m L(n=2 350)、(57.11±18.910)%(n=2 337)、(7.68±3.901)亿/m L(n=2 344)和(36.21±2.615)%(n=1 476)。     

大额牛冷冻精液技术的研究

本文对大额牛的射精量、精子密度、精子活力等指标进行了测定,同时对大额牛精液的冷冻稀释液、制作程序进行了较为系统的研究。结果得出,大额牛在人工饲养条件下,公牛的射精量为4.92±1.50mL、精子密度为16.79±4.5亿/mL、原精活力0.63±0.078;冷冻精液解冻活力平均可达0.3875±0.0426、冻精解冻后顶体完整率平均52.74%±5.88%,畸形率为12.95%±3.18%,精子复苏率为59.63%±3.67%,其他指标与一般黄牛基本一致。     

影响大额牛精液质量主要因素的研究

[目的]大额牛为我国地方畜禽遗传资源濒危品种,为了加强大额牛的保种力度,提高保种效率;本研究对影响大额牛精液质量的主要因素如采精方法、季节、个体遗传等进行了比较研究。[方法]大额牛用电刺激法和假阴道法采精,按照牛冷冻精液国家标准GB4143-2008的方法测定大额牛的采精量,精子密度,原精活力和冷冻精液解冻活力,用程控冷冻仪冷冻大额牛精液。[结果]大额牛冷冻精液解冻效果较好,采精量为5.009±2.239m}(n=226),原精活力为54.184±15.760%(n=223),精子密度为7.207±6.387亿/mL(n=225),解冻活力为36.007±2.092%(n=136)。精子冷冻解冻复苏率达50%以上。大额牛电刺激采精成功率高。[结论]迁地保护条件下大额牛电刺激法采精获得很好效果,也能用假阴道法采精,精液冷冻解冻效果较好,有利于大额牛遗传物质的保存。     

不同因素对广西地区摩拉、尼里/拉菲种公牛精液质量的影响分析

为了研究不同品种、不同年龄结构、不同温度对广西地区河流型水牛种公牛精液质量的影响,选取摩拉种公牛33头、尼里/拉菲种公牛44头,对其2013—2019年的原精及冷冻精液质量检测纪录进行分析。结果:(1)摩拉种公牛的射精量显著高于尼里/拉菲种公牛(P0.05),尼里/拉菲种公牛的原精活力显著高于摩拉种公牛(P0.05)。(2)同一品种不同年龄比较,3～5岁摩拉、尼里/拉菲种公牛的精子密度、精子抗冻性最高(P0.05),10～16岁尼里/拉菲种公牛的射精量最高(P0.05)。(3)摩拉、尼里/拉菲种公牛在平均气温15℃以下原精活力最低,平均气温24℃原精活力最高(P0.05)。(4)将种公牛冻精解冻后活力与原精活力、原精密度建立回归方程:摩拉种公牛为Y_1=0.269+0.08X_2+0.001X_3;尼里/拉菲种公牛为Y_3=0.305+0.02X_5+0.001X_6。将每头每次冻精剂数与射精量、原精活力、原精精密度建立回归方程:摩拉种公牛为Y_2=-144.601+14.266X_1+72.950X_2+17.357X_3;尼里/拉菲种公牛为Y_4=-102.824+17.844X_4+2.778X_5+15.848X_6。     

影响种公牛精液品质的因素

[目的]本文旨在分析种公牛精液品质的影响因素,以便进一步提高种公牛冷冻精液质量.[方法]对2010年至2020年采精记录种公牛的射精量、原精活力、精子密度、解冻活力进行统计分析.[结果]笔者对影响牛精液质量的主要因素进行了研究.结果发现,不同种之间、不同品种之间、不同品系之间、不同年龄、不同季节之间、不同饲养和管理方法...     

影响种公牛精液品质因素的研究

[目的]本文旨在分析种公牛精液品质的影响因素,以便进一步提高种公牛冷冻精液质量。[方法] 对2010年至2020年采精记录种公牛的射精量、原精活力、精子密度、解冻活力进行统计分析。[结果] 笔者对影响牛精液质量的主要因素进行了研究。结果发现,不同种之间、不同品种之间、不同品系之间、不同年龄、不同季节之间、不同饲养和管理方法之间,公牛的精液质量存在显著差异。 [结论] 遗传、气候环境、饲养管理等因素影响种公精液质量。     

安徽不同地方牛种精液品质的分析

[目的]为研究安徽省内地方牛种的精液品质差异,[方法]试验对皖东牛、大别山牛、皖南牛3种种公牛的冬春季节所采集的精液质量进行分析与比较。[结果]结果表明:射精量方面,大别山牛射精量低于皖东牛和皖南牛,差异显著(P0.05);3种牛的精液颜色都为乳白色;精子活力方面,皖南牛的原精活力相对最高,其次是皖东牛,大别山牛最低,不同牛种间差异不显著(P0.05);皖东牛的冻精解冻后活率最低,与大别山牛和皖南牛差异显著(P0.05);皖南牛冻精解冻后精子直线运动的数量最高,与皖东牛和大别山牛差异显著(P0.05);精液细菌数方面,大别山牛的每剂冻精细菌数最高,与皖东牛和皖南牛差异显著(P0.05);畸形率方面,皖东牛的精子畸形率最低,与大别山牛和皖南牛差异显著(P0.05)。[结论]3种种公牛中,皖东牛与皖南牛的射精量高,皖东牛解冻后精子畸形率低,皖南牛与大别山牛解冻后精子活率高。     

BMY牛冷冻精液质量控制及影响因素研究

[目的]为了加大BMY牛的推广应用力度和提高人工授精受胎率,开展了BMY牛冷冻精液质量控制研究,优选出冷冻稀释液及得出冷冻精液质量控制技术程序。[方法]采用不同的初始冷冻温度、不同种类的稀释液、不同的冷冻方法对BMY牛精液冷冻及解冻效果进行试验。[结果]不同的初始冷冻温度、不同种类的稀释液、不同的冷冻方法,BMY牛精液冷冻解冻效果各异。初始冷冻温度为-121--140℃时,TRIS液为基础稀释液添加糖类和氨基酸一步法稀释BMY牛精液冷冻6-10 min BMY牛冷冻精液解冻效果较好,用程控冷冻仪冷冻BMY牛精液,同样获得良好的解冻效果,解冻活力达到0.372±0.026。BMY牛冷冻精液平均解冻活力可达0.357±0.029以上,精子解冻复苏率达50%以上。精子畸形率平均为16.8%±4.26%,BMY牛采精成功率为75.3%。[结论]全放牧条件下BMY牛电刺激采精法获得很好效果,精液质量好,更有利于种质资源的保存和利用。     

不同季节和气候条件对种公牛精液品质的影响的研究

[目的]研究不同季节气候条件对种公牛精液品质的影响。[方法]从采精种公牛中随机抽出5头,选取气温最高（7月份）最低（1月份）和适中温度（4,9月份）进行试验,分别对不同时期所采得的精液进行检测。[结果]在最高温度月份7月份（25℃）时5头种公牛的平均精液量为5.88mL,原精活率67.2%,精液密度16.64亿/mL,冻后活率33.8%,生产冻精数143.4剂,精子畸形率23%。1月份环境温度平均在-11.2℃时,5头种公牛的精液量平均为5.7mL,原精活率66.8%,精液密度13.3亿/mL,冻后活率37.4%,生产冻精数为275.8剂,精子畸形率17.8%。在4,9月份环境温度12℃时精液量为6.6mL,原精活率73.2%,精液密度16.92亿/mL,冻后活率41.8%,生产冻精数404.4剂,精子畸形率12.6%。精液量之间差异显著（P〈0.05）,原精活率之间差异显著（P〈0.05）,精子畸形率之间差异显著（P〈0.05）。冻后活率和冻精生产数差异不显著。[结论]环境温度过高或者过低都会影响精液品质,种公牛在适宜的温度下生产的精液品质也会更加优良,种公牛在温度较高的条件下生产精液品质比在低温条件下还要差,种公牛最适宜的生产温度为12℃～16℃。     

地中海水牛杂交后代生长性能测定初报

[目的]为了解地中海水牛引进我国后,在广西地区的气候适应性及其生长发育情况。[方法]本试验选取地中海杂交后代水牛32头,对其生长发育前期阶段(0～12月龄)的体重、体斜长、体高、胸围、腹围等参数进行连续跟踪测定,并对其的生理生化相关指标进行了测定。[结果]地中海水牛及其杂交后代水牛之间的体温、呼吸、脉搏等生理数值和各项血液生化指标没有差异(P>0.05),并与先前引进的摩拉、尼里及其杂交水牛数值相似;地中海水牛与摩拉、尼里和本地的杂交后代初生重是差异不显著的(P>0.05),随着月龄的增长,地中海水牛与摩拉、尼里杂交后代的各月龄体重增长速度比地中海—本地杂交水牛高,但差异不显著(P>0.05),而地×摩、地×尼杂交水牛在0～12月龄之间的生长速度基本相同;地×摩、地×尼和地×本的杂交水牛1～12月龄的体高、体斜长、胸围和腹围变化趋势大体一致。[结论]地中海水牛引进我国后,不仅能够完全适应我国南方地区尤其广西的环境气候条件,而且表现出良好的生长优势。     

注射口蹄疫疫苗对种公牛精液品质的影响研究

[目的]研究注射口蹄疫疫苗对种公牛精液品质的影响。[方法]随机选择6头种公牛,并采其精液进行检测,用比较方法研究。[结果]注射双价灭活疫苗前精液量6.8ml,鲜精活率70%,精液密度17.3亿/mL,冻后活率39.7%冻精数414.8剂,精子畸形率14.2%。注射双价疫苗之后精液量4.3 mL,鲜精活率6.5%,精液密度12.7亿/mL,冻后活率34.8%冻精数162.3剂,精子畸形率18%。[结论]注射疫苗后,种公牛的精液品质也随之下降,精液量、精子密度和原精活率注射后较注射前极显著降低,认为注射口蹄疫疫苗对种公牛的精液品质产生较大影响。     

Serum kisspeptin: New possible biomarker for sexual behaviour and sperm concentration in buffalo bulls

The study was designed to decipher the inter-relationship between peripheral hormones (kisspeptin and testosterone), sexual behaviour and seminal variables of Murrah buffalo bulls (n = 134). In this study, we recorded that 13%, 37%, 40%, 6% and 4% Murrah buffalo bulls had reaction time of <30, 31–60, 61–180, 181–300 and >300 s, respectively. Further, it was observed that 4%, 85% and 10% buffalo bulls were sexually aggressive, active and dull, respectively, during semen collection. The courtship behaviour was not found to be desirable for the bulls used for the semen collection. Mean of ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and mass motility (0–5 scale) were 3.57 ml, 977.11 million/ml, 2.7, respectively. Correlation studies revealed that the reaction time was positively correlated with courtship behaviour and body weight, and negatively correlated with sexual aggressiveness and sperm concentration. Serum kisspeptin in buffalo bulls, measured for the first time, was found to 3.8 ± 0.7 ng/ml. Serum kisspeptin and testosterone level are negatively correlated to each other and kisspeptin level influenced the sexual behaviour (reaction time, sexual aggressiveness and penile erection) of study bulls. Serum kisspeptin was higher in the buffalo bulls with higher sperm concentration indicating its role in spermatogenesis. In conclusion, for the first time basic information related to sexual behaviour of Murrah buffalo bulls in large population along with its inter-relationship with peripheral hormones (kisspeptin and testosterone) has been documented.     

地中海水牛人工授精效果研究

[目的]为了解意大利地中海水牛冻精的授精效果及其在我国生长适应情况。[方法]利用国内首次引进意大利地中海水牛冻精与我国现有的摩拉、尼里——拉菲和本地水牛进行人工授精,试验选取自然发情的摩拉水牛20头,尼里水牛16头,本地水牛32头,年龄在2.5~9岁之间,采用直肠把握子宫角深部输精法,配种后40 d应用B超进行早期妊娠诊断怀孕情况。[结果]：摩拉、尼里——拉菲和本地水牛受胎率分别为50.00%、75.00%、56.25%,平均人工授精配种受胎率为58.82%,品种间人工授精受胎率差异不显著（P〉0.1）。[结论]表明引进地中海水牛冻精开展杂交组合,改良我国现有的水牛品种,提高其生产性能是切实可行的。     

Effect of Oviductal Proteins on Structural and Functional Characteristics of Cryopreserved Sperm in Murrah Buffaloes*

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of non‐luteal oviductal proteins on sperm characteristics in Murrah buffaloes. Oviducts from healthy buffaloes were collected immediately after slaughter and the oestrous cycle phase was determined as either luteal or non‐luteal based on ovarian morphology. Non‐luteal oviducts (n = 80) were flushed from the isthmic end of the oviduct with PBS, fluid was centrifuged at 10 000 g at 4°C for 20 min and then dialysed and clarified. The supernatant obtained was lyophilized to concentrate the protein and stored at ?20°C till use. Sixteen good quality ejaculates from four Murrah buffalo bulls were collected using an artificial vagina. After fresh semen analysis, each ejaculate was split into two parts and extended in Tris–citrate–egg yolk glycerol dilutor. Part I of the split ejaculate was treated with non‐luteal oviductal proteins at the dose rate of 1 mg/ml of diluted semen, while part II remained as control. The extended semen was equilibrated for 4 h at 5°C, filled in 0.5 ml French straws, exposed to LN₂ vapour, plunged into LN₂ and then stored at ?196°C. The equilibrated and frozen–thawed semen was evaluated for sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, cervical mucus penetration test and hypo‐osmotic sperm swelling test (HOST). In frozen–thawed semen, the percentage of sperm motility, viability and acrosomal integrity was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the treatment group compared to the control group. The incorporation of non‐luteal oviductal proteins in the extender increased the ability of sperm to penetrate cervical mucus both after equilibration and the freeze‐thaw process. Similarly, the proportion of sperm with intact plasma membrane, as revealed by HOST values, was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the treatment group (32.6%) than the control group (27%) in frozen–thawed semen. It was inferred that incorporation of non‐luteal whole oviductal fluid proteins improved the sperm quality in frozen–thawed semen in Murrah buffaloes.     

发情母牛粘液对采精公牛交配能力及精液品质影响的研究

[目的]研究发情母牛粘液对采精种公牛交配能力以及精液品质的影响。[方法]从采精种公牛中随机抽出10头,进行2次采精试验,第一次按照正常方法采精,第二次在台牛尾根附近涂抹粘液,记录交配能力,将2次采精所采得的精液进行检测。[结果]第二次采精交配能力明显高于第一次。精液量、精液密度、活率、有效精子数、冻后活率、生产冻精数分别为：5.76 mL、19.23亿/mL、0.72、13.4、0.385、400.5,通过T检验P〈0.01,差异显著。[结论]在台牛后躯涂抹发情母牛粘液刺激公牛使交配能力和精液品质显著提高。     

Arachidic Acid in Extender Improves Post‐thaw Parameters of Cryopreserved Nili‐Ravi Buffalo Bull Semen

Cryopreservation process reduces lipids and phospholipids from buffalo bull spermatozoa. It was therefore hypothesized that supplementation of fatty acid to extender may improve the post‐thaw quality of buffalo semen. The objective was to evaluate the effect of arachidic acid supplementation in extender on post‐thaw quality of buffalo bull (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa. Semen was collected from three adult Nili‐Ravi buffalo bulls of similar age group with artificial vagina (42°C) for 3 weeks (replicate). Qualified semen ejaculates (n = 18) were split into four aliquots and diluted in tris–citric acid extender containing 0.0 (control), 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 ng/ml at 37°C having approximately 50 × 10⁶ spermatozoa/ml. Diluted semen was cooled to 4°C in 2 h and equilibrated for 4 h at 4°C. Cooled semen was filled in 0.5‐ml straws at 4°C, kept on liquid nitrogen vapours for 10 min and plunged in liquid nitrogen for storage. Thawing of frozen semen was performed after 24 h at 37°C for 30 s. Sperm progressive motility (%) was improved in a dose‐dependent manner by supplementing arachidic acid at 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 ng/ml compared with control. Structural and functional integrity of sperm plasma membrane (%), number of acrosome‐intact live sperm (%) and sperm chromatin integrity (%) were better (p < 0.05) in extender having 5.0 ng/ml of arachidic acid compared with control. At 10.0 ng/ml, these values did not vary (p > 0.05) from those at 5.0 ng/ml. Further improvement in structural and functional integrity of sperm plasma membrane, number of acrosome‐intact live sperm and chromatin integrity was observed at 20.0 ng/ml of arachidic acid in extender. In conclusion, arachidic acid supplementation in extender improved the post‐thaw quality parameters of cryopreserved Nili‐Ravi buffalo bull spermatozoa. Among the arachidic acid concentrations studied, maximum improvement in post‐thaw semen quality parameters was observed at 20.0 ng/ml.     

广州地区娟姗种公牛精液品质随月份的变化研究

选择在广州地区亚热带气候条件下2岁～6岁的娟姗公牛5头,观察其精液品质(采精量、原精密度、原精活力以及细管精液产量)在全年不同月份的变化情况.结果表明:娟姗公牛的每次采精量和细管精液产量在气温较高的7～9月份会因为采精频率的减少而增加,10月份会因为周采精频率增加而使每次采精量和细管精液产量有明显减少;娟姗公牛的原精密度在气温适宜的2月份和采精频率较低的8月份会出现两个高峰值;娟姗公牛的原精活力在气温较高的月份会出现明显的下降趋势,2月份气温适宜时原精活力最好.     

Effect of Semen Collection Methods on the Quality of Pre‐ and Post‐thawed Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus) Spermatozoa

This study was conducted to evaluate the response of Bali bulls (Bos javanicus) to different semen collection methods and their effects on fresh and post‐thawed semen quality. The collection methods employed were electro‐ejaculation (EE), transrectal massage (RM) and RM followed by EE (RM + EE). A total of 25 untrained Bali bulls (age between 2 and 4 years old) were subjected to the different semen collection methods. Fresh semen samples from all the 25 bulls were evaluated for volume, pH, general motility, live/dead ratio and abnormality using the conventional method. For fresh and frozen samples collected by EE and RM from 10 bulls, computer‐assisted semen analysis system was used for precise quantitative measurement of motility, velocity and forward progression. Accucell photometer was used to measure sperm concentration in all samples, regardless fresh and frozen. Semen samples were obtained 100% of the attempts using EE, 84% using RM and 96% using RM + EE. There were no differences among the collection methods for fresh semen quality characteristics, including motility, morphology and viability, but pH and volume were higher for EE than RM and RM + EE. Higher sperm concentration was observed in semen collected by RM than the other two methods. Different age groups (2–3 and >3–4 years old) of the bulls did not show significant differences in volume, pH, sperm concentration, percentages in motility, live/dead ratio and normal sperm morphology. The quality of semen for general and progressive motility, VAP, VSL and VCL and acrosomal integrity after thawing was higher for RM than EE. In conclusion, Bali bulls appeared to respond best to EE and the combination of RM + EE than RM, as a method of semen collection, with a shorter time of stimulation required. Differences in age of the Bali bulls did not affect the semen quality.