江西官山大样地优势种群空间分布格局与种间关联性分析

【目的】为探讨江西官山自然保护区常绿阔叶林的树种格局特征。【方法】以江西官山常绿阔叶林动态监测样地的调查数据为基础(12 hm²),根据树木点坐标信息研究优势种的分布格局、代际关系及种间关系。【结果】(1)样地中优势树种主要表现为聚集分布,在25 m以内聚集分布的树种占总树种数的90%,但随着尺度的增加各树种逐渐转为随机分布;(2)优势树种中多数常绿树种的大树与小树呈正相关,如虎皮楠、木荷;而落叶树种的大树与小树呈负相关,如赤杨叶、南酸枣;(3)优势种间主要以负关联的形式存在,呈正相关的仅有5个种对。【结论】研究结果说明官山样地群落还处于发育初期,优势种主要以聚集分布为主,且种间竞争激烈。     

C_4杂草的综合表(续完)

列入美国杂草科学协会杂草综合表中的C‘植物岁列表.......‘翻......一..山‘‘..‘,....~~,.............口.............侧口.....学名(WSSA规定的代号‘)普通名 rufa(Nees)Stapf.(HYRRU)红苞茅Imperata(Gramineae)白茅属 cylindriea(L.)Beauv.(IMPeY)欧洲白茅Kallstroemia(Zygophyllaeeae)瘤果羡葬属 Californiea(Wats.)Vail(KALcA)瘤果蕉葬 grandiflora Torr.(KALGR)大花瘤果羡薄 hirsutissima Vail(KALHI)多毛瘤果羡薄Koehia(ehenopodiaeeae)地肤属 scoparia(L·)Sehrad.(KeHSec)地肤Kyllinga水娱松属 brevirfoli…     

螟虫长距茧蜂生物学特性和寄生效能观察

螟虫长距茧蜂 Macrocentrus linearis(Nees)属茧蜂科,长距茧蜂亚科,是北京郊区玉米螟幼虫的主要寄生蜂。一年发生三代,每头寄主能育茧蜂30头左右。据调查,自然寄生率最高可达80％以上,是控制玉米螟种群数量的重要天敌因素。     

广西珍贵树种虫害名录(一)

2015—2016年在广西林业有害生物普查中,对各县(市、区)发现为害珍贵和优良用材树种的害虫进行了鉴定、归纳和整理。共记载火力楠Michelia macclurei Dandy、红锥Castanopsis hystrix Miq.、降香黄檀Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen、竹柏Podocarpus nagi(Thunb.)Zoll.et Mor ex Zoll.、格木Erythrophloeum fordii Oliv.、白木香Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Spreng.、银杏Ginkgo biloba Linn.等7种珍贵和优良用材树种上的105种害虫种类,并提供了其分类地位、为害部位、为害程度和分布等信息,为广西珍贵和优良用材树种害虫的测报和防治提供了参考依据。     

海南长瓣蝉生物学特性的初步研究

海南长瓣蝉(Longivalva hainanesis Chou & Yao)属同翅目蝉科。尚未有此种生物学特性的报道。1986～1988年笔者在广西博白进行观察记录,结果如下。 一、分布与危害 已知该种分布于广西博白和海南省。若虫寄主有沙梨、龙眼、荔枝、木菠萝、盆架子;成虫寄主有沙梨、盆架子、木菠萝、火力楠、白玉兰、苦楝、龙眼、黄皮果、柠檬桉、泡桐、团花(黄梁木)。     

广西瘿螨名录

(下文接 2 0 0 3年第 4期第 5页 )2 .4.2 5　上三脊瘿螨属 Calepitrimerus Keifer,1 9382 .4.2 5 .1　潺槁上三脊瘿螨 C.litseae Wei et al.,1 999　寄主 :潺槁树。分布 :广西 (南宁市 )。2 .4.2 5 .2　黄肉楠上三脊瘿螨 C.actinodaphnisWei,2 0 0 2　寄主 :毛黄肉楠。分布 :广西 (南宁市 )。2 .4.2 5 .3　蒲葵上三脊瘿螨 C.livistonae Wei,2 0 0 2　寄主 :蒲葵。分布 :广西 (南宁市 )。2 .4.2 6　副顶脊瘿螨属 Parategonotus Kuang,1 991　　海漆副顶脊瘿螨 P.excoecariae Weiet Lu,1 998　寄主 :海漆。分布 :广西 (合浦县红树林保护…     

北美森林新病害——山毛榉叶线虫病

2012年,北美地区发生了一种由山毛榉李氏垫刃线虫麦肯恩亚种(Litylenchus crenatae mccannii)引起的森林新病害——山毛榉叶线虫病,病情蔓延迅速,已扩散至美国和加拿大30个县。病原为害山毛榉属植物,可造成病树成片死亡。由于山毛榉是北美温带阔叶林的主要构成树种和重要用材树种,新病害已引起美国农业部的高度重视并采取积极的应对措施。我国分布5种山毛榉属植物(均为特有种),是我国南方森林的主要组成树种。鉴于我国每年从北美进口大量山毛榉木材,病原线虫存在随进境木材传入国内的巨大风险。因此,检疫部门应开展风险评估,口岸应针对性开展山毛榉叶线虫病的检测。本文主要介绍了山毛榉叶线虫病的发生历史、分布范围、为害症状、病原线虫形态学特征、生活史、传播途径、分子检测方法等方面的信息,以期为口岸检疫工作提供参考。     

侧柏常见病虫害及防治

侧柏(Platycladus orientalisL.Franco)别名扁柏、香柏、柏树,柏科、侧柏属。侧柏在我国栽培历史悠久,自古即作美化环境和庭园寺庙的主要树种种植。陕西黄陵县黄帝陵古柏,闻名于世,已有5000年的历史,为世界柏树之父。笔者现介绍侧柏常见的病虫害及防治方法。     

干旱半干旱区7个云杉属树种引种适应性研究

在甘肃省干旱半干旱区引种4年生云杉属7个植物,对其抗寒性、抗旱性、耐盐碱性及生长性状进行研究。结果表明:在试验区7个云杉属树种抗寒性表现为川西云杉=红皮云杉>白扦=粗枝云杉=恩氏云杉=蓝云杉>黑云杉;白扦、恩氏云杉抗旱性较差,其它云杉属树种表现较好;恩氏云杉抗盐碱性较差,而其它云杉属的树种表现出较好的抗盐碱特性。7个云杉属树种引种后保苗率为红皮云杉>川西云杉>粗枝云杉>白扦>蓝云杉>恩氏云杉>黑云杉。7个云杉属树种树高、当年新梢生长量和冠幅的变异系数较大,各性状在种间差异极显著。对7个云杉属树种运用性状综合评价方法进行评价,初步筛选出在甘肃省干旱半干旱区具有较强适应性和生长潜力的云杉种为川西云杉和红皮云杉。     

进口画眉草籽中首次截获剪股颖粒线虫

 弯叶画眉草[Eragrosti scurvula(Schrad.) Nees]原产于非洲,常栽培作牧草或布置庭园。关于画眉草上的线虫种类,仅津巴布韦有Pratylenchuszeae Graham (1951)及南非有Afrinawevelli vanden Berg (1985)的记载,而美国则没有报道。     

楠木枝枯病病原菌鉴定

Phoebe is a traditional precious tree species in China, which has great economic and ecological value. A new disease twig blight was found in the Phoebe planting area of Zhejiang province. Symptoms usually appear on the base or fork of branches with black swollen epidermis and gradually get worse resulting branch wilting or whole plant death when longitudinal epidermis cracking. The diseased samples were collected in 2017-2018 and the fungal isolate was identified as Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae based on morphological characteristics of colony and spore and sequence analysis of ITS region and EF1-α gene. The pathogenicity tests on Phoebe showed that L. pseudotheobromae caused the typical symptoms of twig blight. Koch′s postulates were satisfied following reisolation and identification of the isolate from the infected tissues using the methods described above. This is the first report of Phoebe twig blight caused by L. pseudotheobromae in China.     

珍珠李枝枯病病原鉴定及致病性测定

In order to confirm the pathogen of branch blight on pearl plum and its virulence, 14 samples were collected from Guangxi and Guizhou Province, and 21 isolates were obtained and were identified as Botryosphaeriaceae. The results of colony morphology, conidial observation and molecular identification of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and the translation elongation factor 1-α (EFl-α) showed that the pathogens of branch blight on pearl plum were Botryosphaeria dothidea (66.67%), Neofusicoccum parvum (19.05%), N. algeriense (9.52%), and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae (4.76%). The pathogenicity of different species of Botryosphaeriaceae was tested by mycelial dishes inoculation, and it was found that typical isolates of the four species were pathogenic, among which L. pseudotheobromae was the most virulent one and B. dothidea was the weakest one. This is the first report that L. pseudotheobromae causes branch blight on pearl plum.     

抗生素溶杆菌13-6对玉米小斑病的生防作用机制初步研究

玉米小斑病是玉米生产中的重要病害之一,本研究利用传统植物病理学和荧光定量PCR方法,研究抗生素溶杆菌对玉米小斑病菌(Bipolaris maydis)的生防效果和作用机制,为玉米小斑病的生物防控提供理论依据.结果显示,抗生素溶杆菌13-6对玉米小斑病菌丝生长和孢子萌发具有显著抑制作用,造成菌丝顶端生长受阻、表面粗糙,部...     

进境澳大利亚油菜籽中茎基溃疡病菌的检测

 41 fungal isolates with similar morphological characteristics to Leptosphaeria maculans were obtained by the deep-freezing filter paper method from 2100 seeds of Brassica napus imported from Australia.The isolate 8129-5 showed a slower growth on PDA at 20℃with growth rate of 2.8 mm/day.The colonies on PDA at 20℃ had an irregular or regular margin with white or grayish white compact aerial mycelium.No diffusible pigment was produced on PDA at 31℃ or in liquid Czapek-Dox media at 20℃.PCR detection showed that the isolate 8129-5 could be amplified by L.maculans-specific primers LmacF/LmacR and got expected product of 331 bp.The sequence analysis revealed that the ITS sequence of isolate 8129-5 had 99.8% identity with L.maculans.Pathogenicity of the isolate 8129-5 was confirmed on cotyledons of rape seed by artificial inoculation compared with typical symptom of L.maculans.Based on the morphological characteristics, PCR detection and the result of pathogenicity test, the isolate 8129-5 was identified as L.maculans.     

矮龙船花枯梢病病原菌Lasiodiplodia hormozganensis的鉴定

In May 2019, a new dieback on Ixora williamsii Sandwith was found during the disease surveys of the plants in the Sansha City, Hainan Province. The fungal pathogen YXD-918-1 was isolated by methods of tissue isolation and purified using single-spore isolation. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of ITS region, EF1-α and TUB gene sequences, the fungal isolate was identified as Lasiodiplodia hormozganensis. The pathogenicity test confirmed that this species isolates were pathogen on I. williamsii. This is the first report of the dieback on I. williamsii caused by L. hormozganensis in China.     

油菜黑胫病菌和茎基溃疡病菌的LAMP检测方法的建立

油菜黑胫病和油菜茎基溃疡病分别由子囊菌Leptosphaeria biglobosa和L.maculans引起.我国油菜产区仅发现L.biglobosa,未发现L.maculans.因而,L.maculans是我国的对外检疫性对象.这两种真菌形态相似,引起的病害症状相似,给田间快速准确鉴定带来难度.本研究基于环介导等温...     

辣椒溶杆菌NF87-2防治瓜类蔬菜蔓枯病的研究

由黑腐球壳菌Didymella bryoniae引起的瓜类蔬菜蔓枯病是一种重要真菌土传病害,造成瓜类蔬菜生产上重大的经济损失。本研究以蔓枯病菌DB-20为靶标菌,采用平板对峙培养法,测定了拮抗细菌及其代谢产物对蔓枯病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的的室内抑制作用,拮抗细菌和蔓枯病菌同时接种后,测定西瓜种子的发芽率和出苗率,采用盆栽试验研究拮抗细菌对黄瓜蔓枯病的防治效果。结果表明,辣椒溶杆菌Lysobacter capsici NF87-2对蔓枯病菌菌丝生长的室内抑制率为81.6%,菌株NF87-2及其次生代谢物对蔓枯病菌孢子萌发的抑制率分别为59.4%和67.2%。蔓枯病菌DB-20处理的京欣一号西瓜种子发芽率和出苗率分别为48%和38%,菌株NF87-2＋DB-20同时接种处理组的西瓜种子发芽率和出苗率分别为83%和82%。菌株NF87-2发酵液及其代谢产物对黄瓜蔓枯病的盆栽防治效果分别为81.6%和66.5%。辣椒溶杆菌NF87-2是一株具有较好生防应用潜力的拮抗菌株,有望开发成防治瓜类蔬菜蔓枯病的生物杀菌剂。     

Differenzierung der beiden Erscheinungsformen der Spitzendürre (Monilinia laxa) an Sauerkirschen ermöglicht eine Reduktion des Fungizideinsatzes zur Blüte

Since the early nineties control of twig blight on sour cherries in Rheinhessen/Germany caused by Monilinia laxa has become more and more difficult. Severe twig blight incidence even occured during cold and dry periods despite several hours of wetness are necessary for flower infecions by M. laxa conidia. Also repeated fungicide applications during bloom did not provide reliable control of twig blight. Field and laboratory studies have been carried out from 2002–2005 to find the reasons for control failures and the infection process under cold and dry conditions. On the basis of field observations frost damage of flowers and inoculum transport from untreated old cherry trees could be excluded. Monitoring studies revealed that only M. laxa caused twig blight and not M. fructicola as assumed before. The reason for the severe twig blight damage is the fact that M. laxa causes 2 different forms of twig blight. Besides the well known and often described twig blight after flower infection during rainy periods a second form of twig blight exists also caused by M. laxa but starting from “latent” infections inside the twig. These “latent” or “early” twig blight symptoms already occur at full bloom even during dry weather periods. Fungicide applications at the flowering stage do not control this form of twig blight because M. laxa is already present inside the twig. A diagnostic system is described allowing a clear differentiation of the two forms of twig blight what will lead to a reduced number of fungicide applications. Only the “true” flower infections can be controlled by fungicide treatments.     

黑老虎枝枯病病原鉴定及其生物学特性

Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith has been wildly cultivated in Southeast of Guizhou province, bearing fruit as an excellent nutrition source being rich in vitamin C, vitamin E, and a variety of trace elements. In 2017-2018, we found twig blight on Kadsura coccinea with small black dot-like structure in the late stage on lesion, a very common disease causing significant economic losses. The fungal isolates were recovered from the symptomatic stem tissues and small black dot (pycnidium) which contained transparent, unicellular and spindle-shaped conidia of (17.4±1.2) μm×(6.5±0.7) μm. The purified culture with the grayish white to dark grayish-green as well as partial straight hyphae on PDA plate was consistent with Neofusicoccum parvum, supported by the aliment and phylogenetic analyses of ITS, Ef1 α and Tub2 gene sequences (GenBank no: MK563984、MK563986 and MK563987).The pathogenicity test on leaves and stems with needle-punching method matched the symptoms described above and re-isolated the fungus confirming the Koch’s postulate. The lethal temperature for mycelial growth was 54℃ for 10 min; The strain could grow normally in most carbon and nitrogen sources except ammonium carbonate. This is the first report of Neofusicoccum parvum causing twig blight on Kadsura coccinea in China.     

黑老虎枝枯病病原鉴定及其生物学特性

<正>黑老虎[Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith]又名冷饭团、布福娜,果实含丰富的Vc、Ve及多种微量元素,是山区野果珍品[1]。上世纪末,人们从野外引种试栽,目前在黔东南地区实现了规模化栽培。笔者于2017和2018年调查发现,黑老虎枝枯病在黔东南州各种植基地普遍发生,造成严重损失,但关于黑老虎病害的报道甚少[2,3]。本研究对黑老虎枝枯病的病原菌进行了分离培养、柯赫氏法则验证、形态学特征观察及多基因序列