胡萝卜心腐病病原菌鉴定

<正>胡萝卜富含多种维生素及胡萝卜素,在中国种植面积超40万hm~2。病害是影响胡萝卜储藏的重要因子。储藏期引起胡萝卜病害的病原微生物有真菌和细菌2类,分别以长喙壳菌Thielaviopsis spp.(李婕等,2014)和欧文氏菌Erwinia spp.(Farrar et al.,2000)为主。2017年7月,本课题组在河南省南阳市市售胡萝卜中发现一种心腐病病害,该病害外观不     

核桃腐烂病病原菌的分离与鉴定

核桃腐烂病的发生严重影响核桃树的生长与结果。将染病树皮进行培养,划线分离出一株真菌,应用PCR技术对分离菌株的线粒体基因[the small r RNA subunit(rns)]克隆后测序,并将所测序列与美国国家生物技术信息中心(Natinal Center for Biotechnology Information,NCBI)数据库中已有的序列进行分析比较,利用Neighbor-joining建立系统发育树。结果表明,分离出的菌株与茎点霉属(Phoma sp.)聚集在同一支上,可以确定是茎点霉属(Phoma sp.)。     

马拉巴栗茎基腐烂病病原菌鉴定

马拉巴栗茎基腐烂病是一种严重危害海南省马拉巴栗生产的病害。通过对病原菌培养性状和形态特征观察,分离株被鉴定为华丽腐霉（Pythium splendens Braun）,是海南省马拉巴栗茎基腐烂病的致病菌。     

温郁金叶鞘腐烂病病原菌的鉴定

<正>温郁金(Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling)为姜科植物,原产于浙江省温州市瑞安市,具有去除血瘀、消炎和抗癌等多种功能^[1]。目前,已被报道的温郁金病害包括叶枯病^[2]、白绢病^[3]、病毒病^[4]等。2017年6月在海南省东山镇种植基地发生温郁金叶鞘腐烂病。主要危害分蘖期的茎基部和叶鞘,从茎基部开始发病;发病初期茎基部产生浅褐色水渍状病斑,病斑逐渐向上延伸至叶鞘;后期形成水渍状、     

草石蚕块茎腐烂病病原菌鉴定(英文)

Identification of tuber rot pathogen on Stachys sieboldii Miq. was carried out with morphological and molecular methods for the first time. Though the observation of morphology and color of the colonies,morphology of macroconidia, microconidia and chlamydospores, it was preliminarily identified as Fusarium oxysporum. The fungus DNA was amplified by PCR with the universal primers of fungal rDNA ITS1 and ITS4, and sequenced. The sequencing results were logged in GenBank to BLAST, and all of the molecular detections and morphologic observations showed that the pathogen was F. oxysporum.     

平贝母鳞茎腐烂病病原菌鉴定和药剂筛选

为明确平贝母Fritillaria ussuriensis鳞茎腐烂病的病原菌及其防治, 对病原菌进行分离?致病性测定, 通过形态学特征?ITS rDNA?β-tubulin及EF-1α基因序列分析确定其病原为尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum和芳香镰刀菌F.redolens?通过菌丝生长速率法, 对病原菌进行了室内药剂筛选, 表明8种药剂中25%多菌灵可湿性粉剂和43%戊唑醇悬浮剂对病原菌有更好的抑制作用, 处理第6天, EC50均不超过0.7 mg/L?对两种病原菌防效最好的药剂是戊唑醇, EC50分别为0.107?0.169 mg/L?这两种药剂可以选择应用于平贝母生产来防治茎腐病?     

胡萝卜黑腐病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究

胡萝卜黑腐病是影响山西省胡萝卜产业发展的主要病害。本文研究了胡萝卜黑腐病病原菌归属及其生物学特性。通过病原菌形态学特征鉴定胡萝卜黑腐病致病菌为Alternaria radicina。病原菌生物学特性测定结果表明,菌丝最适生长温度为28℃;最适pH为6;最适碳源和氮源分别为蔗糖和尿素;光照对菌丝生长影响较小。分生孢子萌发最适温度为30℃,水滴中萌发率最高,酸碱度和光照周期对分生孢子萌发影响较小。     

梨树腐烂病病原菌的研究

 对梨树腐烂病病原菌研究证明,它与苹果黑腐皮壳的内子座形态相同,但与外子座形态、菌落色泽、质地、结构、酯酶同工酶谱及寄主反应等均有明显差异。室外人工交互接种,均不发病。室内交互接种均发病,病斑再分离培养所得菌株再测定,上述性状皆不因寄主不同而变异,有明显的稳定性。因此,梨树腐烂病病原菌是苹果黑腐皮壳Valsa mali Miyabe et ya-mada的一个新变种——苹果黑腐皮壳梨变种Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamada var.pyriY.J.Lu.var.nov.。     

我国主产区猕猴桃采后腐烂病病原多样性研究

猕猴桃采后腐烂在我国发生普遍.本试验对来自陕西、四川、湖北、山东和江西五省的773个猕猴桃病果进行组织分离,获得739个真菌分离株.经ITS序列比对及代表菌株的科赫式法则验证,确定其中722个菌株为猕猴桃采后腐烂病病原,属于以下11个属:Botryosphaeria、Diaporthe、Neofusicoccum、Al...     

一种马铃薯根茎腐烂病病原鉴定

正马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)为茄科茄属植物,是全世界广泛种植的重要粮食作物~([1])。马铃薯为人们提供了丰富的营养物质,如碳水化合物、多种微量营养素和有利于健康的膳食纤维~([2,3])。马铃薯根茎腐烂病由多种病原菌引起,是马铃薯采后的主要病害~([4])。甘薯长喙壳菌也引起多种植物果实腐烂,如巴西首次报道甘薯长喙壳菌侵染鸡蛋     

土壤样品中长喙壳属真菌诱导分离方法的研究

 长喙壳属真菌(Ceratocystis spp.)是一类重要的土传植物病原真菌,可危害多种作物。由于技术方法的限制,对于土壤样品中该病原菌的分离比较困难。本研究通过比较以胡萝卜、马铃薯、甘薯作为诱导富集载体对土壤中长喙壳属真菌的富集分离效果,确定了胡萝卜为最优诱导富集载体。进一步通过对胡萝卜片厚度、土壤相对湿度、培养温度、光照条件、保湿方式等培养条件的优化,建立了从土壤中分离长喙壳属真菌的有效方法,具体为:以厚度为3~5 mm的胡萝卜片作为诱导富集载体;土壤样品相对含水量为10%~30%;12 h光暗交替或24 h黑暗;在22℃~26℃条件下不保湿进行培养,8 d后可从携带最低数量为10个孢子/g的土壤样品中分离到靶标菌。采用该方法,对采自新疆、河南、湖南、云南等地共计108份自然或耕作土壤样品进行了分离,结果表明从采自云南蒙自市、临沧市的45份土壤样品中均分离获得了长喙壳属真菌。该方法具有操作简便、所需仪器设备简单、灵敏度较高、成本低和高通量等特点,适用于田间调查,可对样本量较大的土壤样品进行快速及时分离,以获得不同土壤生境中的长喙壳属真菌分离物。     

中国发现甘薯长喙壳菌引起枣子果实腐烂

 2013年8月,在中国昆明发现一种枣子果实的腐烂病。通过致病性测试,证明从发病组织分离出的病菌能引起枣子果实腐烂。经过形态学和分子鉴定,确定该病原菌为甘薯长喙壳菌。这是在中国首次报道由甘薯长喙壳菌引起的枣子果实腐烂病。     

茶树叶斑病病原菌可可毛色二孢菌的鉴定

The tea leaf disease, which led to a large loss of production and decrease of quality, was found in the tea region in Huishui county, Guizhou province. Some strains were isolated from the diseased samples, and the representative strains fulfilled Koch’s postulate. Then the isolates were further identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α) regions. The results showed that the pathogen of the leaf disease occurred in Huishui county, Guizhou province was L. theobromae.     

茶树叶斑病病原菌可可毛色二孢菌的鉴定

<正>可可毛色二孢菌(Lasiodiplodia theobromae Pat. Griffon Maubl.)属葡萄座腔菌属(Botryosphaeria)病原菌的无性型,其有性型为Botryosphaeria rhodina(Berk. M.A. Curtis)Arx[1,2]。该病原菌可导致热带、亚热带地区的植物发生病害,如葡萄树干溃疡和顶梢枯死[3],春芋叶斑病[4],橄榄溃疡病[5]等。叶斑病是茶树的一类重要病害。近年来,不     

红瑞木溃疡病病原菌的鉴定

为了明确近年来引起上海辰山植物园红瑞木上枝干溃疡病的病原菌种类,首先对病原菌分离并依据柯赫氏法则进行了致病性测定和病原菌验证,然后进行了形态学特征观察、rDNA-ITS序列分析和系统发育树构建。病原菌形态学特征与葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)一致,其rDNA-ITS序列(已提交GenBank,登录号:JN638454)与GenBank中葡萄座腔菌相似性达到99%,在系统发育树上与葡萄座腔菌处于同一分支。将辰山植物园红瑞木枝干溃疡病的病原菌鉴定为葡萄座腔菌(B.dothidea)。     

罗布麻锈病病原菌鉴定

2011—2014年新疆阿勒泰地区罗布麻Apocynum venetum种植田普遍发生锈病,为明确引起罗布麻锈病的病原菌,通过研究其致病性、形态学特征以及寄主范围,并结合r DNA-ITS和28S r DNA D1/D2区段的序列分析对病原菌进行了鉴定。结果表明,经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,引起罗布麻锈病的病原菌为罗布麻栅锈菌Melampsora apocyni,可侵染罗布麻叶片、枝条和果实,造成大量叶片枯黄凋落,病害严重时可导致植株死亡。罗布麻锈病5月中、下旬开始发病,7月下旬至8月中旬为发病高峰期,病害发生期可持续至罗布麻生长季结束,该病害引起的病田率、病株率和病叶率最高均可达100%。寄主范围测定表明,该病原菌不仅可侵染罗布麻,也可侵染白麻Poacynum pictum和大叶白麻P.hendersonii,且在白麻和大叶白麻上的发病率分别为83%和99%,均高于罗布麻,表明白麻可作为罗布麻栅锈菌的新寄主。     

苎麻叶斑病病原菌鉴定

 苎麻\[Boehmeria nivea（L.）Gaud\]属荨麻科（Urticaceae）苎麻属（Boehmeria）,多年生宿根性草本植物。我国苎麻栽培历史悠久,病害及病原种类多。2010年,在重庆璧山丁家镇高古村苎麻种植区发现一种新病害,该病菌主要为害苎麻叶片,病害蔓延迅速且危害严重,严重时病叶率达50%以上,给当地苎麻产业造成严重损失。为了明确该病害的病原菌种类,本文通过形态学鉴定和致病性测定,结合分子生物学技术对病原菌进行系统鉴定,确定该叶斑病的病原菌为多主棒孢（Corynespora cassiicola）。     

Resistance of kiwifruit cultivars to ceratocystis wilt: An approach considering the genetic diversity and variation in aggressiveness of the pathogen

Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) is native to southern China, but was first cultivated in New Zealand and then spread worldwide. Emerging diseases such as ceratocystis wilt have attracted the attention of kiwifruit growers due to the great losses observed in southern Brazil. Effective control can be achieved by screening for resistance, but the genetic variability of the pathogen must be considered. Thus, this study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and variation in aggressiveness of Ceratocystis isolates from kiwifruit in southern Brazil and then evaluate the resistance of kiwifruit cultivars with the most aggressive isolates. A collection of 46 isolates were obtained from southern Brazil and 14 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers was successfully used for genotyping. Out of 14 markers, 13 were polymorphic and identified 26 genotypes. Fourteen distinct genotypes were tested on a susceptible cultivar to select the most aggressive ones. Finally, inoculation with an equal mixture of five of the most aggressive isolates was used to evaluate the resistance of seven kiwifruit cultivars: Red Arguta, Green Arguta, Allison, Chieftain, Hayward, Monty, and Tomury. Cultivars varied in levels of susceptibility, with disease severity ranging from 40% to 100%. Considering the length of stem lesions, Chieftain showed the lowest level of severity at 40%, while no wilt symptoms were observed at 45 days after inoculation. In addition to the seven cultivars, a half-sibling progeny with 618 plants of the rootstock cv. Bruno was also assessed, but only seven individuals were resistant. These seven plants can be cloned and used as resistant rootstocks in commercial orchards.