西安某鸡场全封闭式成年蛋鸡舍的小气候环境

为了探讨西安地区封闭式无窗鸡舍控制环境的效能，对西安市某机械化养鸡场成年蛋鸡舍进行了夏、冬两季小气候测试。结果表明，夏季舍内气温，最高达３６．０℃；冬季舍内气温较低，最低为７℃，夏季舍内气流微弱，冬季舍内气流较适宜；舍内氨含量、降尘量和细菌含量夏季均...     

冬季提高蛋鸡产蛋率的措施

冬季气温低，日照时间短，对产蛋影响很大，常导致鸡群产蛋率大幅度下降，甚至休产，下面谈谈能使蛋鸡冬季多产蛋的措施。１保持舍温适宜蛋鸡产蛋最适宜的环境温度为１３～１５℃，当温度低于７℃时，产蛋开始下降，饲料报酬降低，低于０℃时产量显著减少，低于－９℃时，则停止产蛋，并出现冻冠。因此，在寒冷的冬季应尽量使鸡舍保持产蛋所需的适宜温度。做法有：①入冬前将鸡舍门窗及墙的漏缝封好，防寒风和“穿堂风”流入鸡舍；②气温过低时，可在舍内用火炉或火炕升温，但要注意防止煤气中毒；③带有运动场的可在运动场上搭塑料大棚，高…     

冬季提高蛋鸡产蛋率的措施

冬季气温低，日照时间短，对产蛋鸡影响很大，常导致鸡群产蛋率大幅下降，甚至休产，只有采取一系列综合措施才能使蛋鸡冬季多产蛋。１保持舍温适宜蛋鸡产蛋最适宜的环境温度为１３～１５℃，当温度低于７℃时，产蛋开始下降，饲料报酬降低，低于０℃时产蛋量显著减少，低于－９℃时，则停止产蛋，并出现冻冠。因此，在寒冷的冬季应尽量使鸡舍保持产蛋所需的适宜温度。做法有：①入冬前将鸡舍门窗及墙的漏缝封好，防“穿堂风”流入鸡舍；②气温过低时，可在舍内用火炉或火炕升温，但要注意防止煤气中毒；③带有运动场的可在运动场上搭塑料大…     

蛋鸡冬季多产蛋注意把好三个环节

冬季，由于气温下降，寒冷刺激，蛋鸡产蛋下降甚至停止产蛋。因此，加强适应冬季特点的饲养管理，实现蛋鸡冬季稳产、高产，应注意把好以下三个环节。1 合理的管理1．1 保温 保持鸡舍的适宜温度是冬季使蛋鸡能正常产蛋的首要条件。最适宜的蛋鸡舍温度为16～25℃。保温的方法：一是加强鸡舍的保温性能，可用厚草帘、塑料布密闭门窗，堵塞鸡舍墙壁屋檐下等透风处；二是应用采暖设备，如火炉、火炕、暖气等。有运动场的鸡舍每天应让鸡在运动场活动(宜先开窗，使舍内外温度接近时再放出)，还可在鸡舍内50cm左右的高处挂几捆青饲料，让鸡啄食，以…     

水帘舍和半封闭舍对舍内蛋鸡粪便的影响

本文探讨蛋鸡水帘舍和半封闭舍内气温、气湿的分布规律及其对舍内粪便的影响,为不同类型蛋鸡舍粪便的管理提供依据.研究表明,水帘舍降温效果比半封闭舍理想,舍外平均气温为29.1℃时,半封闭舍内气温为28.1℃,水帘舍内为27.5C；半封闭舍内,粪便含水率升高方向与空气流动性减弱方向一致；水帘舍中,中间区域的粪便含水率明显高于风机端区域.水帘舍内蛋鸡粪便含水率比半封闭舍内高2.04％.产蛋初期和高峰期粪便含水率显著高于产蛋下降期(P＜0.05),分别为77.33％、76.78％和72.11％.在3个产蛋阶段,水帘舍内蛋鸡粪便铜、锌、全磷含量均比半封闭舍低,分别低0.98 g/kg、18.44 g/kg、0.50 g/kg；在两种类型鸡舍中,产蛋下降期蛋鸡排泄的铜、锌、全磷均高于产蛋初期和产蛋高峰期.进入产蛋下降期后,不论在哪一类型鸡舍,全氮排泄量明显降低,粪便中的氨氮含量又比前两阶段明显升高,而且,水帘舍内粪便的氨氮含量显著高于半封闭舍.分析表明,蛋鸡舍类型不仅直接影响排泄后粪便的特性,同时影响养分在蛋鸡体内的代谢、吸收与排泄.     

新型大棚猪舍环境控制效果研究

通过对猪舍屋顶热工指标和通风量进行计算，对舍内空气环境进行测定与分析，研究了新型大棚猪舍保温隔热，通风性能及其应用效果，结果表明：该猪舍屋顶冬，夏季总热阻分别为0.824m^2k/w和0.864m^2k/w，冬，夏季通风量分别为355.8m^3/h和12153.4m^3/h，优于有窗舍，且优于或符合设计要求。舍内空气环境，温度冬，夏季分别为11.3℃和26.50℃；相对湿度冬，夏季分别为72.3%和80.2%，气流速度冬、夏分别为0.19m/s和0.72m/s；NH3浓度冬，夏季分别为0.113mg/m^3和0.656mg/m^3，CO2浓度冬，夏季分别为1964mg/m^3和1527mg/m^3，优于有窗舍，大棚舍用于育肥猪舍冬，夏季均有较好的应用效果。     

蛋鸡夏季饲养管理要点

夏季天气炎热，鸡的食欲变差，采食量减少，高温对鸡的健康和生产性能都有很多不利影响，尤其是舍内气温超过３０℃时，鸡的产蛋率及采食量明显下降，蛋重变小，蛋壳质量下降。因此，夏季鸡场的管理重点工作除搞好鸡舍内的防暑降温外，还需合理调整日粮水平。１搞好鸡舍...     

散养成乳牛舍环境测定

以一栋散养成乳牛舍为对象，系统地测定了舍内外的气温、气湿、风速、辐射强度、黑体温度及屋顶热流量。结果表明：从６月１日—９月１０日，舍内旬均气温都在２３．４３℃以上，舍内１４：００气温旬均值都在２８℃以上，舍内旬均ＴＨＩ都超过７１．７１；屋顶热流量曲线的斜率很大、峰值出现于１４：００，并且与舍外黑体温度呈高度的正相关；舍内与舍外的黑体温度、辐射强度分别呈中等以上的正相关；冬季舍内寒冷，同时受舍外气流影响大。笔者认为，通过增加牛舍高度、先用高热阻屋面材料和冬季防风可望改进此类牛舍的环境。     

蛋鸡夏季管理要点

<正> 夏季气候炎热,湿度大,鸡舍内闷热,鸡常张口喘气,食欲减退,采食量降低,产蛋量下降或停产。为确保蛋鸡夏季多产蛋,在管理上要注意以下要点:一、降低温度 产蛋鸡最适宜的环境温度是13—20℃;环境温度超过29℃时,产蛋量明显下降;超过32℃时,产蛋量则急剧下降,甚至停产或死亡。因此,降低环境温度是保证鸡夏季多产蛋的关键。在夏季到来前,可在鸡舍外搭凉棚,在鸡运动场周围种植葡萄、丝瓜、南瓜等藤类作物,既可遮荫,又可提供一些多汁饲料;当气温太高时,可向鸡舍屋顶喷水,这样可使舍内温度下降5—10℃;有条件者也可在舍内安装电扇,加强空气对流,确保舍内凉爽。     

华中地区夏季蛋鸡舍环境状况调查研究

对华中地区蛋鸡舍类型、夏季蛋鸡舍内的小气候状况进行了调查研究。结果表明,华中地区商品蛋鸡舍类型主要为有窗舍,种鸡舍一般为全封闭式鸡舍。有窗舍采用三层半阶梯式笼养,采用自然通风＋电风扇＋环境蒸发降温。全封闭式鸡舍采用三层半阶梯式笼养,采取湿垫风机—负压通风等综合防暑降温措施。夏季高温是影响蛋鸡正常生产的主要不良因素,有窗舍蛋鸡夏季采食量下降10%～25%,产蛋率下降5%～10%。全封闭式鸡舍夏季蛋鸡产蛋率基本稳定,可实现全年均衡生产,空气较清新,氨含量在10mg/m^3以下,但空气细菌总数偏高,达39.17×104cfu/m^3,舍内温度仍较高,日平均气温30.4℃,气湿85%,当舍外气温达37℃以上时,鸡采食量下降10%左右,产蛋率下降5%左右。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.