饲粮中添加白藜芦醇对“杜×长×大”猪空肠抗氧化能力及紧密连接蛋白表达的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加白藜芦醇(resveratrol,RES)对"杜×长×大"猪空肠抗氧化酶活性及抗氧化基因指标和紧密连接蛋白相关基因表达水平的影响。试验选用12头体重约为65 kg的育肥猪分为2组,每组6头。对照组育肥猪饲喂基础饲粮,试验组育肥猪饲喂在基础饲粮中添加400 mg/kg的RES的饲粮,试验期41 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,饲粮中添加400 mg/kg的RES显著提高了育肥猪空肠过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.05),显著降低丙二醛(MDA)的含量(P<0.05);显著提高育肥猪空肠抗氧化基因铜/锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)、锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶-1 (GPx-1)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶-4 (GPx-4)活性(P<0.05);显著提高育肥猪空肠抗氧化酶活相关基因CAT、T-SOD和GSH-Px的表达水平(P<0.05),显著降低MDA的表达水平(P<0.05);显著提高育肥猪空肠紧密连接蛋白咬合蛋白(Occludin)、闭合蛋白-1 (Claudin-1)和链接黏附分子A (JAM-A)的表达水平(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲粮添加400 mg/kg的RES能够显著提高育肥猪空肠抗氧化能力及紧密连接蛋白的表达,改善动物肠道健康。     

叶酸对超早期断奶宫内发育迟缓仔猪肝脏结构和细胞凋亡相关基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平叶酸对超早期断奶宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)仔猪肝脏结构和细胞凋亡相关基因表达的影响。选取24头14日龄断奶、平均体重(2.79±0.34)kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔公猪,随机分为3个处理,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、5和10 mg/kg叶酸的试验饲粮,每个处理8个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加叶酸对35日龄仔猪血清葡萄糖浓度无显著影响(P>0.05),添加5和10 mg/kg叶酸分别显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)降低了血清甘油三酯浓度。2)饲粮添加5 mg/kg叶酸能显著降低肝细胞直径(P<0.05)。3)饲粮添加5 mg/kg叶酸显著提高了肝脏B细胞淋巴瘤蛋白2(Bcl-2)的基因表达量(P<0.05),极显著降低了Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)和促凋亡相关基因肿瘤蛋白53(p53)的基因表达量(P<0.01);饲粮添加10 mg/kg叶酸,Bax和p53的基因表达量分别极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)地降低了。4)饲粮添加叶酸对肝脏毛细血管扩张性共济失调症突变基因(ATM)、脱嘌呤嘧啶核酸内切酶1(APE-1)基因和一碳单位代谢关键酶编码基因的表达无显著影响(P>0.05)。结果提示,饲粮补充一定水平的叶酸有助于改善早期断奶IUGR仔猪35日龄时肝脏结构和细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax和p53的表达;本试验条件下,饲粮添加5 mg/kg叶酸效果较好。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对脂多糖单次刺激仔猪肠黏膜免疫应激的影响

本试验旨在研究N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对脂多糖(LPS)单次刺激仔猪肠黏膜免疫应激的影响。选取24头健康仔猪,随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组和LPS组饲喂基础饲粮,250和500 mg/kg NAC组在基础饲粮中分别添加250和500 mg/kg NAC。试验第17天,LPS组、250和500 mg/kg NAC组仔猪腹膜分别注射100μg/kg BW的LPS,对照组注射相应剂量的灭菌生理盐水。注射后6 h屠宰,取肠黏膜。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加250或500 mg/kg NAC缓解了LPS刺激导致的肠黏膜中白细胞介素-2、白细胞介素-6和前列腺素E2水平的升高及热应激蛋白70(HSP70)表达量的升高(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加250和500 mg/kg NAC可有效抑制LPS刺激导致的肠黏膜中炎性因子的升高,缓解急性免疫应激。     

生物活性硒对不同品种育肥猪生长性能、组织硒含量、抗氧化能力和肉品质的影响北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究生物活性硒对不同品种育肥猪生长性能、组织硒含量、抗氧化能力和肉品质的影响。采用2×3双因素完全随机试验设计,设2个猪品种:“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪(以下简称三元杂交猪)和从江香猪;3个硒处理:0.25 mg/kg亚硒酸钠、0.25 mg/kg生物活性硒和0.50 mg/kg生物活性硒。分别选取体重接近的三元杂交猪[初始体重为(56.12±0.68)kg]90头和从江香猪[初始体重为(37.22±0.48)kg]72头,随机分为6个组,每组3个重复(三元杂交猪10头/重复,从江香猪8头/重复)。试验期60 d。结果表明:1)三元杂交猪的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)显著高于从江香猪(P<0.10),料重比(F/G)显著低于从江香猪(P<0.10)。2)与饲粮中添加0.25 mg/kg亚硒酸钠相比,添加0.50 mg/kg生物活性硒可显著增加背最长肌和腿肌中硒含量(P<0.10)。3)对于三元杂交猪,与饲粮中添加0.25 mg/kg亚硒酸钠和0.25 mg/kg生物活性硒相比,添加0.50 mg/kg生物活性硒可显著增加肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和脱碘酶(DIO)含量及背最长肌硫氧还蛋白还原酶(TXNRD)活性(P<0.10);对于从江香猪,与饲粮中添加0.25 mg/kg亚硒酸钠相比,添加0.50 mg/kg生物活性硒可显著增加背最长肌和腿肌TXNRD活性(P<0.10)。4)从江香猪背最长肌和腿肌中肌内脂肪含量均显著高于三元杂交猪(P<0.10)。从江香猪背最长肌和腿肌中大部分脂肪酸含量显著高于三元杂交猪(P<0.10),而大部分氨基酸含量显著低于三元杂交猪(P<0.10)。综上所述,饲粮中添加生物活性硒更有利于增加猪肌肉中硒的富集和肌肉中一些氨基酸含量,提高猪的抗氧化能力;三元杂交猪与从江香猪在肉品质方面存在差异的主要原因是肌肉中肌内脂肪及脂肪酸和氨基酸含量不同。     

大豆异黄酮对哺乳母猪生产性能、血液生理生化指标和粪便微生物菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加大豆异黄酮(SI)对哺乳母猪生产性能、血液生理生化指标及粪便微生物菌群影响。选择平均体重为(151.05±4.53)kg、体况良好及背膘厚和分娩日龄相近的初产大白猪48头,随机分为4组,每组12个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮的基础上分别添加5、10和15mg/kg SI。试验期21d。结果表明:1)试验组哺乳母猪平均日采食量极显著高于对照组(P0.01);10 mg/kg SI组21d泌乳量显著高于对照组(P0.05),料乳比显著降低于对照组(P0.05)。2)10mg/kg SI组哺乳母猪血液生长激素(GH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、17-β雌二醇(E2)、催乳素(PRL)、总蛋白(TP)含量显著或极显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)、甘油三酯(TG)、尿素氮(UN)含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。3)10和15mg/kg SI组乳脂率均显著高于对照组(P0.05);15mg/kg SI组乳糖率显著高于对照组(P0.05);10mg/kg SI组乳蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。4)试验组粪便大肠杆菌数量均极显著低于对照组(P0.01),双歧杆菌数量均极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。由此可见,饲粮中添加适宜水平的SI能改善哺乳母猪的生产性能、血液生理生化指标,维持肠道微生物菌群平衡。哺乳母猪适宜的SI添加水平为10mg/kg。     

壳聚糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便评分及血清激素和T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

本试验旨在研究壳聚糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便评分及血清激素和T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。选取28日龄断奶的杜×大×长三元杂交仔猪60头,随机分为5组(每组12头):对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加250、500、1 000和2 000 mg/kg壳聚糖的试验饲粮。试验期14 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加250~2 000 mg/kg壳聚糖显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)(P0.05),显著降低料重比(F/G)(P0.05);2)饲粮添加250~2 000 mg/kg壳聚糖显著降低试验第11天断奶仔猪的粪便评分(P0.05);3)饲粮添加适宜剂量的壳聚糖显著提高断奶仔猪的血清促生长激素释放激素(GHRH)(250~2 000 mg/kg)、生长激素(GH)(500~1 000 mg/kg)和瘦素(LP)(2 000 mg/kg)的浓度(P0.05),显著降低血清促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)(250~2 000 mg/kg)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)(500~1 000 mg/kg)、皮质醇(COR)(250~2 000 mg/kg)和可溶性CD8(sCD8)(500~2 000 mg/kg)的浓度(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加适宜剂量的壳聚糖能够促进断奶仔猪的生长,降低腹泻,缓解断奶应激。     

葡萄糖氧化酶对大河乌猪妊娠母猪繁殖性能和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在探讨葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)对大河乌猪妊娠母猪繁殖性能、血清抗氧化指标和饲粮养分消化率的影响。选择健康经产(3~5胎)大河乌猪妊娠母猪60头,随机分为4个组,每组15个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,GOD1、GOD2和GOD3组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加200、400和600 mg/kg GOD的试验饲粮。母猪产前30 d开始试验,直到仔猪断奶时结束。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加400和600 mg/kg GOD可增加大河乌猪妊娠母猪的产仔数和产活仔数(P0.05);饲粮中添加600 mg/kg GOD可显著增加仔猪初生重和20日龄重(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加600 mg/kg GOD可显著增加大河乌猪妊娠母猪和仔猪血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P0.05),显著降低血清丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加600 mg/kg GOD可显著增加大河乌猪妊娠母猪饲粮粗脂肪(EE)和磷(P)的消化率(P0.05)。本试验条件下,大河乌猪母猪妊娠后期(产前30 d)饲粮中添加600 mg/kg GOD可提高母猪的繁殖性能,增强母猪和仔猪抗氧化能力,提高母猪对饲粮EE和P的消化能力,提高饲粮利用率。     

饲粮中添加泛酸对生长獭兔肝脏脂肪代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加泛酸对生长獭兔肝脏脂肪代谢的影响。试验选用体重相似的断奶獭兔160只,随机分为4组,每组40个重复,每个重复1只。对照组獭兔饲喂基础饲粮,试验组獭兔分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加10、20和40 mg/kg泛酸的饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加40 mg/kg泛酸显著降低了生长獭兔肩胛、胃周和肾周脂肪沉积率(P0.05);饲粮中添加10~20 mg/kg泛酸显著降低了生长獭兔肝脏中脂滴的含量(P0.05)。饲粮中泛酸添加水平对生长獭兔血浆中总胆固醇和白蛋白的含量无显著影响(P0.05);随着饲粮中泛酸添加水平的升高,生长獭兔血浆中甘油三酯的含量先降低后趋于稳定,20、40 mg/kg添加组显著低于对照组(P0.05);与对照组相比,饲粮中添加20~40 mg/kg泛酸显著升高了生长獭兔血浆中极低密度脂蛋白的含量(P0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加40 mg/kg泛酸显著增加了肝脏中激素敏感脂酶(HSL)和骨骼肌中脂肪酸转运蛋白(FATP)基因的表达量(P0.05);饲粮中添加20~40 mg/kg泛酸显著增加了肝脏中肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶1(CPT1)基因的表达量(P0.05);饲粮中添加10~40 mg/kg泛酸显著增加了肝脏中脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)基因和骨骼肌中CPT1基因的表达量(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加泛酸影响生长獭兔肝脏内脂肪代谢,泛酸添加水平为40 mg/kg时可降低肝脏内脂肪的沉积,并能降低机体脂肪沉积率,增加骨骼肌对脂肪酸的摄取和利用。     

高剂量乙氧基喹啉对生长育肥猪生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化性能、脏器指数和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平乙氧基喹啉对生长育肥猪生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化性能、脏器指数和肉品质的影响。选用180头体重为(31.98±2.34)kg三元杂交(杜×长×大)生长猪,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复6头猪。试验采用玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,分别添加0、150、300、750和1 500 mg/kg乙氧基喹啉,试验期98 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加150~1 500 mg/kg乙氧基喹啉对生长育肥猪的生长性能、脏器指数和肉品质无显著影响(P0.05)。2)试验第70天,血清碱性磷酸酶活性和总胆红素(TBIL)含量随着饲粮中乙氧基喹啉添加量的增加而降低(线性P0.05)。试验第98天,血清TBIL含量随着饲粮中乙氧基喹啉添加量的增加而增加(线性P0.05)。3)试验第70天和第98天,各组血清总抗氧化能力以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性随着饲粮中乙氧基喹啉添加量的增加而降低(线性P0.05)。试验第98天,各组血清丙二醛含量随着饲粮中乙氧基喹啉添加量的增加而升高(二次P0.05)。综上所述,生长育肥猪饲粮中添加150~1 500 mg/kg乙氧基喹啉对生长性能和肉品质无显著影响,饲粮中添加750和1 500 mg/kg乙氧基喹啉会导致生长育肥猪肝细胞损伤,饲粮中添加300~1 500 mg/kg乙氧基喹啉降低血清抗氧化性能,因此,生长肥育猪饲粮中乙氧基喹啉的推荐量为150 mg/kg。     

富硒胞外多糖对断奶仔猪生长、抗氧化功能、肠道形态结构和抗菌肽表达的影响

本试验旨在探究阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae)Z0206所产胞外多糖(EPS)和富硒胞外多糖(Se-EPS)对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化功能、肠道形态结构和抗菌肽表达的影响。选择体重相近的28日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪150头,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照(CON)组饲喂基础饲粮,亚硒酸钠(Na2SeO3)组饲喂基础饲粮+0.30 mg/kg Na2SeO3,Na2SeO3+黄芪多糖(APS)组饲喂基础饲粮+0.30 mg/kg Na2SeO3+560 mg/kg APS,Na2SeO3+EPS组饲喂基础饲粮+0.30 mg/kg Na2SeO3+560 mg/kg EPS,Se-EPS组饲喂基础饲粮+560 mg/kg Se-EPS。试验期39 d。结果表明:与Na2SeO3组相比,饲粮中添加Se-EPS显著提高了断奶仔猪的平均日增重(P<0.05),显著降低料重比(P<0.05),显著提高了血清总抗氧化能力(P<0.05),显著降低了血清丙二醛含量(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加Na2SeO3+EPS、Se-EPS显著提高了断奶仔猪空肠的绒毛高度以及绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)(P<0.05),饲粮中添加Se-EPS显著提高了十二指肠中猪β-防御素1(pBD-1)和空肠、回肠中猪β-防御素2(pBD-2)的mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加Se-EPS可提高断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化功能以及促进肠道内源抗菌肽的表达。     

Differential expression of connexin 43 in adult pig testes during normal spermatogenic cycle and after flutamide treatment

Evidence is mounting that the foetal and neonatal period of reproductive tract development is highly sensitive to hormonal disruption induced by various endocrine active compounds. Thus, we asked whether androgen withdrawal caused by prenatal (GD20, GD80) or neonatal (PD2) exposure to an anti-androgen flutamide alters Cx43 gene expression and may induce delayed effects on morphology and function of adult pig testes. Flutamide was given in five doses (50 mg/kg bw). Our histological analysis and TUNEL staining revealed varying degrees of seminiferous tubules abnormalities in all experimental pigs. Testes of pigs exposed to flutamide in utero exhibited moderate alterations of the spermatogenic process, whereas those of exposed neonatally were severely impaired. The most striking effects were spermatogenic arrest, germ cell detachment and a statistically significant increase in the frequency of germ cell apoptosis (p<0.01). Moreover, all pigs exposed to flutamide displayed Leydig cell hyperplasia. Because the network of cell-cell communication provided by gap junction channels plays an essential role in the regulation and maintenance of spermatogenesis, the physiological significance of Cx43-based gap junctions with regards to the gonadal impairment was evaluated by analysis of its expression using immunohistochemical, Western blot and qRT-PCR approaches. Significantly, lower Cx43 expression was found when flutamide was administered neonatally, which has coincided with severe disruption of spermatogenesis. Our data suggest that neonatal exposure to flutamide induces long-term effects on the spermatogenic capacity of the pig testis through alterations of Cx43-mediated intercellular communication and permanent alteration of both Sertoli and Leydig cell functions.     

A new ENU-induced mutant mouse with defective spermatogenesis caused by a nonsense mutation of the syntaxin 2/epimorphin (Stx2/Epim) gene

Repro34 is an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutation in mice showing male-specific infertility caused by defective spermatogenesis. In the present study, we investigated pathogenesis and molecular lesions in relation to spermatogenesis in the repro34/repro34 homozygous mouse. Histological examination of the testis showed that the seminiferous epithelium of the repro34/repro34 mouse contained spermatogonia and spermatocytes but no round and elongating spermatids. Instead of these haploid cells, multinucleated giant cells occupied the niche of the seminiferous tubules. Immunohistochemical staining for Hsc70t, an elongating spermatid specific protein, confirmed the absence of elongating spermatids. Furthermore, RT-PCR showed that there were significantly reduced expressions of the marker genes specifically expressed in the spermatid and that there was no difference in the expressions of the spermatocyte specific marker genes. These findings indicated interruption of the spermatogenesis during transition from the spermatocyte to spermatid in the repro34/repro34 mouse. The repro34 locus has been mapped on a 7.0-Mb region of mouse chromosome 5 containing the Syntaxin 2/Epimorphin (Stx2/Epim) gene, and targeted disruption of this gene has been reported to cause defective spermatogenesis. We therefore sequenced the entire coding region of the Stx2/Epim gene and found a nucleotide substitution that results in a nonsense mutation of this gene. The expression pattern of the Stx2/Epim gene during the first wave of spermatogenesis, increased expression at later stages of spermatogenesis, was in agreement with the affected phase of spermatogenesis in the adult repro34/repro34 testis. We therefore concluded that the male infertility of the repro34/repro34 mouse is caused by the interruption of spermatogenesis during transition from the spermatocyte to spermatid and that the nonsense mutation of the Stx2/Epim gene is responsible for the interruption of spermatogenesis.     

Effects of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and fecal shedding of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus in weaning pigs

A total of 50 weaning pigs (16 d of age; 4.72 +/- 0.23 kg of BW) were selected to investigate the effect of dietary chito-oligosaccharide (COS) supplementation on growth performance, fecal shedding of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus, apparent digestibility, and small intestinal morphology. Pigs housed in individual metabolic cages were assigned randomly to 5 treatments (n = 10), including 1 basal diet (control), 3 diets with COS supplementation (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), and 1 diet with chlortetracycline (CTC) supplementation (80 mg/kg). Fresh fecal samples were collected to evaluate shedding of E. coli and Lactobacillus on d 0, 7, 14, and 21 postweaning. Fresh fecal samples collected from each cage from d 19 to 21 were stored frozen for determination of apparent total tract digestibility. On d 21, all pigs were killed to collect the middle sections of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum for determination of mucosa morphology. Supplementation of COS at 100 and 200 mg/kg and supplementation of CTC improved (P < 0.05) overall ADG, ADFI, and G:F in comparison with the control. Supplementation of COS at 200 mg/kg as well as supplementation of CTC increased (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of DM, GE, CP, crude fat, Ca, and P, whereas COS at 100 mg/kg increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of DM, Ca, and P in comparison with the control diet. Pigs receiving diets supplemented with COS or CTC had a decreased (P < 0.05) incidence of diarrhea and decreased diarrhea scores compared with control pigs. Fecal samples from pigs receiving diets supplemented with COS had greater (P < 0.05) Lactobacillus counts than those from control pigs and pigs receiving diets supplemented with CTC on d 14 and 21. However, supplementation of COS at 200 mg/kg and supplementation of CTC decreased (P < 0.05) E. coli counts in the feces on d 21 compared with the control diet. Dietary supplementation of COS at 200 mg/kg and of CTC increased (P < 0.05) the villus height and villus:crypt ratio at the ileum and jejunum, and COS at 100 mg/kg also increased (P < 0.05) the villus height in the ileum compared with the control diet. The current results indicated that dietary supplementation of COS at 100 and 200 mg/kg enhanced growth performance by increasing apparent digestibility, decreasing the incidence of diarrhea, and improving small intestinal morphology.     

ZBED6基因对巴马香猪脾发育的作用机制分析

ZBED6基因作为一个转录因子,能够与IGF2结合进而调节肌肉的生长发育。但其在脾生长发育中的作用尚不清楚,本研究利用RNA-seq测序技术比较ZBED6基因敲除巴马香猪（ZBED6-KO）和同日龄野生型巴马香猪（WT）的脾组织转录组,探究ZBED6基因对巴马香猪脾组织的发育影响。利用t检验对ZBED6-KO猪和WT猪脾组织大小的表型差异及ZBED6直接调控的靶基因IGF2的表达量进行显著性分析。提取ZBED6-KO猪和WT猪脾组织的总RNA,在Illumina Hiseq 2500平台进行RNA-seq分析。以猪Sus scrofa11.1为参考基因组,用转录组分析的标准流程筛选ZBED6-KO猪和WT猪脾组织中的差异表达基因。用DAVID在线网站对差异表达基因进行GO和KEGG富集分析。然后,随机选取7个差异表达的基因,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术验证测序结果的准确性与可靠性。结果显示,与WT猪相比,ZBED6-KO猪脾的重量和IGF2基因表达量均显著增加（P<0.05）,表明ZBED6基因的敲除对巴马香猪脾组织的生长发育有一定的促进作用。测序结果显示,各样本至少获得4G的数据量,每个样本的Clean Ratio及Q30比率均在90%以上,83.94%以上的reads可比对在猪的参考基因组上,表明测序数据质量良好,真实可靠;对测序数据进行转录组分析,共筛选到161个差异表达基因,其中上调基因90个,下调基因71个;差异表达基因的层次聚类分析显示,ZBED6-KO猪的3个个体（spleen1、spleen3、spleen6）的表达模式相似,WT的3个个体（spleen2、spleen4、spleen5）的表达模式相似,进一步证明测序数据的准确可靠;GO和KEGG富集分析中,富集到10条显著的GO条目以及5条显著的信号通路,2条与肌肉发育相关的通路;实时荧光定量PCR试验随机检测7个差异表达基因的表达模式与RNA-seq分析结果相一致,证实了测序数据的可靠性。以巴马香猪为模型,利用RNA-seq技术研究ZBED6基因的敲除对中国地方猪脾发育的作用影响,为挖掘ZBED6基因的更多功能提供了基础。     

基于生物信息学方法的小鼠精子发生关键基因筛选

为探索精子发生的分子机制,寻找精子变形期间的关键基因,本研究从公共基因表达数据库下载小鼠精细胞的转录组测序数据,利用R软件Ballgown程序包筛选差异表达基因,并对差异表达基因进行Gene ontology(GO)和Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)富集分析后,...     

ART3抑制剂3-MBA对小鼠睾丸生精功能的影响

旨在探究ADP-核糖基转移酶3(ADP-ribosyl transferase 3,ART3)调控精子发生机制,为改善精液品质,提高家畜繁殖性能提供理论依据。本试验设计了3个ART3抑制剂3-甲氧基苯甲酰胺(3-methoxybenzamide, 3-MBA)浓度梯度(0.302、0.906和1.510 mg·mL^-1),分别对6～8周龄小鼠进行睾丸注射,并于注射后3 h、6 h、12 h、1 d、2 d、3 d和5 d采集小鼠睾丸和附睾组织,将睾丸组织制成石蜡切片进行HE染色,并对附睾尾精子进行动力学和形态学分析。结果发现,0.302 mg·mL^-13-MBA浓度组于注射后3 d小鼠睾丸曲细精管内空泡面积达到最大化,生精细胞减少,且排布散乱不规则,注射后5 d空泡面积减小,生精细胞有恢复趋势,而0.906和1.510 mg·mL^-1浓度组于注射后5 d空泡面积最大化,曲细精管出现空管现象;3个剂量组小鼠附睾尾精子密度、活力及前向运动精子均呈时间依赖性降低,畸形精子随时间推移逐渐增加,且精子尾部出现断裂、弯折和卷曲等异常...     

Dietary supplementation with carnosine improves antioxidant capacity and meat quality of finishing pigs

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary carnosine (β‐alanyl‐l ‐histidine) supplementation on antioxidant capacity and meat quality of pigs. 72 pigs approximately 60 kg were fed a corn‐ and soybean meal‐based diet supplemented with 0, 25, 50 or 100 mg carnosine per kg diet for 8 weeks. Carnosine supplementation did not affect growth performance and carcass traits of pigs. However, the addition of 100 mg carnosine per kg diet increased pH value of muscle at 45 min, 24 h and 48 h postmortem. It also decreased drip loss at 48 h postmortem and increased redness value of muscle at 45 min postmortem (p < 0.05). The addition of 100 mg carnosine per kg diet enhanced glycogen concentration and Ca‐ATPase activity at 24 and 48 h postmortem, and reduced malondialdehyde and carbonyl protein complexes concentrations in muscle at 24 h postmortem (p < 0.05). The addition of 100 mg carnosine per kg diet increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in plasma, liver or muscle, as well as SOD and GSH‐Px genes expression in muscle (p < 0.05). Taken together, these findings indicate that carnosine supplementation improves antioxidant capacity and meat quality of pigs.     

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha is associated with mesenchymal-epithelial transition in developing kidneys of C57BL/6 mice

During kidney development, the metanephric mesenchyme (MM) develops into the nephron through mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). We have previously reported that knock-down of the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (Hnf4a) gene induces failure of cellular organization in the condensed mesenchyme (CM) of cultured embryonic kidneys. To elucidate the details of MET during nephrogenesis, embryonic mouse kidneys were analyzed by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and molecular biology. The findings showed that the intercellular junction, but not the basal lamina, was present in the CM. Additionally, immediately after Hnf4a gene expression, the expression of epithelial genes (Krt8, Tjp1, and Cdh1) increased, and those of mesenchymal genes (Acta1 and Vim) decreased, in the CM compared to the MM. To clarify the relationship between MET and Hnf4α, the fibroblast cell line with forced expression of Hnf4α protein were analyzed. In this model, it was noted that Hnf4α induced increasing epithelial and decreasing mesenchymal gene expression. In these, up-regulation of Pvrl1, -2, and Mllt4 genes which mediate the formation of apico-basal polarity, were found. These results, and those of previous findings, indicate that Hnf4α protein is associated with the initiation of MET in early nephrogenesis.