籽用南瓜细菌性果腐病种子带菌检测与消毒处理

以市场销售的5份籽用南瓜种子为试材,采用PCR检测技术对南瓜种子细菌性果腐病菌进行检测,用不同浓度的CuSO_4、HCl、H_2O_2、过氧乙酸和漂白粉等药剂处理带菌种子进行消毒处理。研究了不同药剂处理对南瓜种子果腐病菌消毒效果的影响。结果表明:市场销售的5份南瓜种子均携带细菌性果腐病菌;5种药剂对南瓜种子携带的细菌性果腐病菌均有消毒效果,但HCl、H_2O_2、过氧乙酸对南瓜种子的发芽有抑制作用。1.0% CuSO_4处理30 min和1.5%漂白粉处理30 min对南瓜种子果腐病菌防治效果最好,并且2种药剂处理对种子发芽率和发芽势影响不明显。因此,选用1.0% CuSO_4或1.5%漂白粉对南瓜种子进行消毒处理,可以消除种子表皮所携带的果腐病病菌。     

微量元素对番茄种子萌发的影响

以番茄种子做试验材料,以种子发芽势,发芽率,全株干重、G值、发芽指数、活力指数等作为指标,考查不同浓度的CuSO4、MnSO4、ZnSO4等常用浸种药剂对番茄种子萌发及幼苗生长发育的影响.结果表明:在一定的浓度范围内,所有CuSO4处理对番茄种子的萌发呈抑制作用,而浓度为0.1 g/L和0.5 g/L的MnSO4与ZnSO4浸种提高了番茄种子的发芽率和发芽势;3种试剂浸种均能促进番茄幼苗的生长发育,提高幼苗的质量;其中浓度为0.1 g/L的MnSO4处理浸种效果最佳,其全株干重、G值和活力指数与对照相比增加了76.01%、75.29%和85.75%.既促进了种子的萌发,又促进了其幼苗的生长发育.     

不同药剂处理对西瓜细菌性果斑病带菌种子的影响

采用菌悬浮液浸种方式对西瓜种子接菌,利用6种药剂对带菌种子进行浸种处理,并调查各处理对种子发芽、幼苗生长的影响及对西瓜幼苗细菌性果斑病(BFB)的防治效果。试验结果表明,播种前带菌种子采用40%甲醛100倍液浸种1 h,对西瓜幼苗BFB的防效达到100%,对西瓜种子的发芽和幼苗的生长无不良影响。     

黑龙江省西瓜细菌性果斑病防治药剂的筛选

为了丰富黑龙江省露地西瓜果斑病的防治药剂和方法,通过平板抑菌试验和种子消毒处理等方法对硫酸链霉素等17种药剂进行筛选。结果表明,在平板抑菌试验中,有噻霉酮等7种药剂的抑菌圈≥20 mm,抑菌效果较好;在种子处理试验中筛选出3%双氧水浸种30 min和2 000 mg·L-1噻霉酮浸种30 min抑菌效果较好;双氧水处理种子的发芽率和发芽势为95.6%和12.7 mm,噻霉酮处理种子的发芽率和发芽势为97.8%和14 mm;噻霉酮和双氧水处理种子的发芽率分别比对照提高22.6%和20.4%,发芽势分别比对照提高47.4%和33.7%。试验筛选出一种新型药剂噻霉酮,对黑龙江省露地西瓜果斑病菌的抑菌效果较好。     

冬春蔬菜育壮苗技巧

一、种子处理蔬菜种子播前进行处理,可以杀死种子上携带的多种病菌和病毒,能有效地预防蔬菜苗期病害和某些成株病害。1.温水浸种将干燥种子投入5倍于种子体蔬积的一定温度的水中,并不停地搅拌,等水温降至30℃时,停止搅拌,转入常规浸种催芽。番茄、辣椒、黄瓜、甘蓝、菜花种子,用55℃温水浸种10～15min,可防猝倒病、立枯病、黄瓜炭疽病和枯萎病。番茄种子用52℃温水浸种20min,可防黑腐病、黑斑病。2.药剂消毒番茄、辣椒种子用10%磷酸三钠或1%高锰酸钾溶液浸种20～30min,可以钝化种子上的病毒,使其丧失致病力。用1%硫酸铜溶液浸种15min,可防辣…     

不同水温浸种对树番茄种子发芽的影响

以树番茄干种子为试材,分别用15、30、45、60、75℃的温水浸种至自然冷却,然后每隔8h换一次水,共浸泡处理48h,测定树番茄种子的各项发芽指标,研究了不同水温浸种对树番茄种子发芽的影响,以期为树番茄种子繁殖提供参考依据。结果表明:树番茄种子的最适浸种温度为45℃,在此处理下的腐烂率为4.00%,异状发芽率为0.67%,发芽率为64.00%,发芽指数为2.43,活力指数为5.24。     

不同处理对萝卜种子发芽的影响

对萝卜种子分别进行不同浸种时间和不同浓度药剂浸种的发芽对比试验.结果表明:浸种1 h以上可以提高种子萌芽整齐度及种子发芽率,而干粒直接播种不利于种子萌发;浓度为500 mg/L的3种药剂(GA3、NAA、2,4-D)对萝卜种子萌发抑制作用明显,而浓度为100 mg/L的GA3对萝卜种子萌发的促进作用效果最好.     

用浓硫酸处理窄叶野豌豆种子的发芽试验

窄叶野豌豆种子存在硬实现象,硬实种子不透水,在不经过处理的情况下,发芽率极低(8%)。为提高窄叶野豌豆种子的发芽率,采用98%的浓硫酸对窄叶野豌豆种子进行浸种处理。通过在不同温度下进行发芽可知,窄叶野豌豆种子发芽最适温度为10℃。在10℃温度条件下,经浓硫酸浸种处理10 min的种子发芽率达到100%,发芽势达到82%。用浓硫酸处理5~50 min的种子平均发芽率为95.8%,平均发芽势为68%;而不经浓硫酸处理的空白对照试验组发芽率仅为8%。     

不同药剂对瓜列当和加工番茄种子发芽的影响

以加工番茄和瓜列当种子为试材,设置不同浓度梯度的方法模拟大田环境,研究不同药剂和不同浓度梯度对瓜列当、加工番茄发芽率的影响和对瓜列当的防治效果。结果表明:20 mg·L~(-1)氟乐灵处理的番茄发芽率为79%,瓜列当的发芽率为0.90%;40mg·L~(-1)氟乐灵处理的番茄发芽率为67%,瓜列当的发芽率为0.81%;40mg·L~(-1)施田补处理的番茄发芽率为96%,瓜列当的发芽率为0.63%。氟乐灵20、40mg·L~(-1)和施田补40mg·L~(-1)在发芽过程中可抑制瓜列当发芽,且对番茄发芽无不良影响。在加工番茄生产中,有效防除瓜列当需在瓜列当发芽之前进行,结合滴灌施药控制药剂浓度来抑制瓜列当发芽的方法是可行的。     

牛皮杜鹃种子萌发和组织培养初探

对牛皮杜鹃种子进行不同的储存方法、不同的温度、温水浸种处理的萌发试验。结果表明,萌发速率随着温度升高而加快,并且30℃时发芽率最高。发芽率还随浸种时间增加而升高,浸种时间24h的发芽率为55%,48h发芽率为73%,但干播种子发芽率只有53%。风干脱粒在-30℃低温贮存发芽率是68%,风干脱粒低温保存能够提高种子发芽率。组织培养中,外植体消毒时,采取0.1%升汞和吐温2~3滴溶液进行深层消毒效果较好。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.