AN OBSERVATION OF FORMICA FUKAII WHEELER PREDATORY BEHAVIOR IN MONGOLIAN SCOTS PINE STANDS

The pine sawfly(Acantholyda posticalis Matsumura)is a serious pest of Pinussylvestris;P.tabylae formis and P.koraiensis.Chemical contros has been generally applied,butcausde a lot of problems.We first found Formica fkaii(new record in China).The ants nesting onCarex sp.preying on pine sawflies is an important predator.When nests are removed on purpose,the ant's behavior is normal and the nest are expanded.It is a dominant species and a natural ene-my of pine sawfly in Nehe County.     

东北红松阔叶混交林的分布规律分析

红松阔叶混交林在东北东部山区分布极为广泛,是该地区水平地带性和垂直地带性森林;将东北红松阔叶混交林分为3部分:典型阔叶红松混交林,河岸、河谷阶地阔叶红松混交林和山背、陡坡阔叶红松混交林;介绍了红松阔叶混交林组成、分布规律及其地势的特点。     

STUDY ON THE SITE OF KOREAN PINE PLANTATION ON THE MAOER MOUNTAIN

1NTRODUCT1oNMaoerMountainliesintheeasternpartofnortheastChinamountainareawithinthenaturalgeographicaldistributionrangeofavaluabletimberspeciesofKoreanpine(PinusKoraiensis).Foraboatmorethanlooyears,cuttinganddestroyingcontinued;f9wnaturalprimaryKoreanpineforestsleft.AlargeareaofKoreanpineplantations,nevertheless,has'grownupastimegoing.Itisapressingproblemforushowtocultivatethemwell,andtorecoveranddevelopthemraPidlyinourforestproductionandscientificresearch.FortheKoreanpinetree,peopledid…     

联营林场红松天然母树林的经营

本文对联营林场红松天然母树林的经营谈了一套实践经验 ;红松优良林分的选择标准 ;促进红松母树结实的疏伐 ;如何加强经营管理及组织好林木种子的生产。     

Comparative analysis on the litter in Korean pine Mongolian scots pine and dahurian larch plantations (I) Amount and fluctuation of litter fall

Investigations were made in korean pine, mongolian scots pine and dahurian larch plantations in Laoshan Plantation Experiment Station of Maoershan Experiment Forest Farm of Northeast Forestry University. Data are tabulated on the amount and seasonal and annual fluctuations of fractional composition of the litter (conifer needles, branches, cones, bark scales, broad leaves) in the three plantations. The accounts of conifer needle branch and bark scale litter are as follows: korean pine: 71.16%, 6.23% and 7.32%; mongolian scots pine: 43.65%, 18.52 % and 32.12%; dahurian larch: 90.30%, 7.83% and 1.85%. There are certain broadleaf litter in dahurian larch and mongolian scots pine plantations (account for 7.61% and 8.92% respectively). The litter wither and fall concent ratively in autumn in dahurian larch plantation and scattered all year long in korean pine and mongolian scots pine plantations. Along with the increase of stand age, the absolute amount of litter tend to increase, the relative amount of main fractional compositions (conifer needle, branch and bark scale) in korean pine and mongolian Scots pine plantations maintain stead, whereas in dahurian larch plantation, the relative amount of conifer needle is decreased gradually and the relative amount of other fractional compositions are increased gradually.     

Comparative analyses on the litter in Korean pine Mongolian Scots pine and Dahurian Larch plantations

Comparative analyses were conducted on the nutrient element content and returning amount of main fractional compositions of litter in Korean pine (KP), Mongolian Scots pine (MSP) and Dahurian larch (DL) plantations in Laoshan Plantation Experiment Station of Maoershan Experiment Forest Farm of Northeast Forestry University. The results are as follows: (1) The nutrient element content and returning amount in litter varies among different fractional compositions and tree species, the total returning amount of all nutrient elements and the returning amount of K, Ca, Mg, N and P are DL > MSP > KP, the returning amount of Cu is DL > KP > MSP, the returning amount of Fe and Mn are MSP > DL > KP; (2) To KP and DL plantations, the main nutrient element returned is dead needles; dead branches, bark scales and dead cones account for a little proportion; whereas to MSP plantation, besides dead needles, dead branches and bark scales also play an important role in the return of nutrient elements; (3) A little deal of dead leaves can provided a great deal of returning amount of nutrient elements.     

优良红松坚果型优树的选择方法

于1988-1998 年对长白山、小兴安岭和完达山地区天然红松林以及黑龙江省鹤岗地区人工红松林结实量进行了实地调查和测定。根据调查和测定数据,对红松结实特征,包括结实量、球果长度、球果数量、出种率,种子千粒重、种子产量、种子大小、种子空实率、球果虫害率、结实指数等,进行分析方差分析、多重比较和逐步回归,得出各项结实因子对结实量的贡献率,将球果长度、千粒重和出种率确定为优树选择的重要指标,然后采用加权系数法确定红松坚果型优树,并制订出天然红松林坚果型优树标准和红松人工林坚果优树标准。本项研究为建立红松坚果园选择优树提供了方法和标准。     

NATURAL REGENERATION OF MONGOLIAN SCOTS PINE AND ITS APPLICATION APPROACH IN SILVICULTURE

MongolianScotspine(Pinussylveslrisvarmongolica)(shortform:MSP)isoneofthemainconiferousspeciesforforestationinNortheastforestregionsofChinasincel958,large-areaplantationofMSPwereplantedinMaoershanExperimentalForestFarmofNortheastForestryUniversity.Alongwiththeincreaseofstandageandseed-bearingrate,andtheimprovementofwithinstandlightcondition,alotofnaturalregeneratedseedling(inshortform:NRS)ofMSPoccurredundercanopyorontheadjacentopenland,andmanyoftheseseedlingsgrowverywell.Thisprovideusa…     

落叶松冠下更新红松后上层抚育时间的研究

落叶松冠下更新红松后,上层抚育（揭盖）时间是关系到红松能否成林的主要因素之一。本文通过多年的生产实践对上层抚育时间、季节进行了研究,得到了最佳的上层抚育时间和作业季节。     

阔叶红松林倒木贮量动态研究

本文研究了中国吉林省长白山区阔叶红松林倒木贮量的动态变化规律。阔叶红松林倒木贮量包括其现有倒木及其年输入量等贮量的变化规律。阔叶红松林现有倒木贮量开始为16.25 t·hm-2,以后随时间减少,到100年分解掉其干重的85%左右,300年后所剩无几。倒木年输入量平均约为0.6 t·hm-2,其贮量是随时间而增加,200年后稳定在31 t·hm-2,可保持到该群落的顶级时期。倒木总贮量的变化在初期呈增加趋势,而后随着现有倒木的完全分解,倒木贮量就与其倒木的年输入趋于一致,最后稳定在上述水平上。图4表2参9。     

浅谈樟子松的播种育苗技术

文章对樟子松的播种育苗技术进行了详细论述,包括如何选育苗地、施底肥、种子催芽、作床、播种、播种后及苗期的抚育管理、越冬保护、移植苗培育等,这些技术在生产实践中具有较强的实用意义。     

透光抚育对张广才岭“栽针保阔”红松林群落生产力的影响

介绍了透光抚育对不同立地(不同坡位)上的栽针保阔红松林群落的公顷蓄积和生产力的影响,研究分析如何通过不同强度透光抚育提高栽针保阔红松林群落生产力。     

Mastication and prescribed fire impacts on fuels in a 25-year old ponderosa pine plantation, southern Sierra Nevada

Due to increases in tree density and hazardous fuel loading in Sierra Nevadan forests, land management is focusing on fuel reduction treatments to moderate the risk of catastrophic fires. Fuel treatments involving mechanical and prescribed fire methods can reduce surface as well as canopy fuel loads. Mastication is a mechanical method which shreds smaller trees and brush onto the surface fuel layer. Little data exist quantifying masticated fuel beds. Despite the paucity of data on masticated fuels, land managers desire fuel loading, potential fire behavior and fire effects such as tree mortality information for masticated areas. In this study we measured fuel characteristics before and after mastication and mastication plus prescribed burn treatments in a 25-year old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson) plantation. In addition to surface fuel characteristics and tree data collection, bulk density samples were gathered for masticated material. Regressions were created predicting masticated fuel loading from masticated fuel bed depth. Total masticated fuel load prior to fire treatment ranged from 25.9 to 42.9 Mg ha⁻¹, and the bulk density of masticated fuel was 125 kg m⁻³. Mastication treatment alone showed increases in most surface fuel loadings and decreases in canopy fuel loads. Masticated treatment in conjunction with prescribed burning reduced both surface and canopy fuel loads. Detailed information on fuel structure in masticated areas will allow for better predictions of fire behavior and fire effects for fire in masticated fuel types. Understanding potential fire behavior and fire effects associated with masticated fuels will allow managers to make decisions on the possibility of mastication to create fuel breaks or enhance forest health.     

STUDY ON THE HALF-SIB FAMILY SELECTION FOR THE SUPERIOR TREE OF SCOTS PINE

Scotspine(PinussylvesIrisvar.mongoIica)isoneofthemaintreespeciesofsilviculture,shelterbeltsandgreeningbeltsinthenortheastofP.R.China.Asitisresistanttocoldanddry,notovercriticalaboutsoilmoisture,stronginrootsystemetc.,itwasafforestedinmanyregionsinChinarecently.Inordertoimprovescotspinefurther,makefulluseofthesuperiorgeneresources,wemustdotheworkofitsprovenanceandprogenytesttodistinguishindividualsandpopulationaccordingtothephenotypeofitsprogenies,andtose-lectfineprovenanceandfamilyandindi-vi…     

人工红松幼龄林的叶面积指数与生长动态

对凉山自然保护区的全坡位红松（Ｐｉｎｕｓ ｋｏｒａｉｅｎｓｉｓ）造林地进行了生长与叶面积指数的动态调查表明,立地条件好的地段红松生长好,上层阔叶树发育亦好。立地条件和上层阔叶树的庇护是导致红松生长差异的主要原因。     

红松人工林改造为母树林的研究

种子是更新造林的物质基础。建立林木种子园需要较长的时间才能见效,所以搞好人工林改造为母树林的工作尤为重要。     

对红松种子混雪埋藏处理育苗效果分析

介绍了红松种子混雪埋藏育苗试验过程.从而得出结论,利用混雪埋藏技术育苗与用温水浸种催芽方法育苗相比,有许多优点,可使幼苗早出土、延长生长周期、增强苗木抗寒抗旱抗病虫能力.     

Allometric equations for estimating the mass and volume of fresh assimilational apparatus of standing scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees

The increment of trees depends, primarily, on the size of the assimilation apparatus of the crown and its efficiency to produce organic matter. That is why this study undertook to determine the size of the assimilation apparatus of single trees of Pinus sylvestris L. The authors used the mass (ugc) and volume (ugo) of twigs covered with needles in order to estimate the size of the assimilation apparatus. The performed analysis revealed a significant correlation between easy-to-determine tree variables: breast height diameter—d_1.3, height—h and age—w and the ugc and ugo. This correlation served as a basis for the elaboration of equations which allow determining the size of the assimilation apparatus. The empirical material was provided by the results of measurements carried out on 1808 pine trees growing in mesic forest sites typical for this species in western Poland.     

利用“一0五九”防治苗圃红松球蚜

本文介绍了利用“一0五九”防治苗圃红松球蚜的方法及效果。     

红松分杈现象对生长和结实的影响

对辽东山区部分红松人工林分杈树的结实和生长情况进行了调查,分析了林木早期分杈与生长、结实的关系。结果表明,早期分杈林木的单株材积比林分的平均单株材积大27．1％,分杈树的平均单株结实量是林分的平均单株结实量的3．76％,林木早期分杈有利于增加结实量和促进林木材积生长。