中西结合驱虫助长药剂试验研究：绵羊保膘越冬试验

应用１０味中草药混于饲料中，配合丙硫咪唑每４５天驱虫１次，对湟源县纳隆口２５只绵羊（怀孕母羊１４只，羔羊１１只），分为试验组和对照组进行了１４０天的保膘越冬小试，同时对新产羔羊也进行了秤重对比。结果表明，试验组怀孕母羊减重１２ｋｇ，羔羊减重２．１５ｋｇ；对照组怀孕母羊减重１３．６ｋｇ，羔羊减重４．４ｋｇ；试验组怀孕母羊所产羔羊３０天时平均体重１１．５２５ｋｇ，对照组９．８１５ｋｇ。于驱虫后４５天粪检虫卵，试验组均为阴性，而对照组均为阳性，试验结果表明用中草药配合丙硫咪唑，对怀孕母羊的保膘越冬及新产羔的生长发育有较好效果。     

鲁北白山羊多胎早熟性能选育研究

鲁北白山羊经过４年的选育，体型外貌趋近一致，羔羊体尺体重均有一定提高，经济效益显著。选育后的３月龄公羔体重１１．０２ｋｇ，日增重１０２ｇ，比选育前提高１６．０８％和２０．６２％；屠宰率４６．４７％，增长１．８１个百分点；经产母羊胎产羔率２９５％，提高２５．５３个百分点；年均产羔增加１．１０只。     

成都麻羊生长发育及繁殖性能研究

在四川省成都麻羊育种场测定成都麻羊的生长发育和繁殖性能。结果表明，成都麻羊初生体重公羔为２．１２±０．５５ｋｇ，母羔为１．９８±０．５３ｋｇ；２月龄断奶体重公羔为８．８９±１．８０ｋｇ，母羔为８．５３±１．９１ｋｇ；周岁公羊为２８．４６±８．３８ｋｇ，母羊为２４．７０±５．２５ｋｇ；成年公羊为３９．９８±５．１５ｋｇ，母羊为３１．８５±４．４８ｋｇ。成都麻羊初情期为４０多日龄，初配年龄公羊为７～８月龄，母羊为６～７月龄，初配时体重为１５～２０ｋｇ；发情周期为２０～２２天，持续期２～３天，妊娠期１４２～１４５天，多一年２胎，各胎平均产羔数为１．９２只。     

澳州萨福克肉用种羊在吉林

吉林省引进含１／４ＡＰＳ血液的澳州萨福克种羊，经精心培育，初产母羊产羔率１４５．７８％，成活率９５．７９％，羔羊生后５０ｄ内平均日增重４００ｇ，高者达５７０ｇ。引进８个月来种公羊平均重长１５．３１ｋｇ，种母羊经历妊娠、产羔后平均增重７．０５ｋｇ。该种羊在细毛羊地区，肉用生产方面是一个较理想的终端父本，目前长岭县正在应用人工授精技术与当地细毛羊杂交，与配母羊达１万只。     

尿素糖蜜多营养舔砖补饲牦牛效果的研究

分别在天祝县和碌曲县选用９０头天祝白牦牛和６０头甘南牦牛进行了冷季放牧牦牛尿素糖蜜多营养舔砖的补饲试验，尿素糖蜜多营养舔砖含尿素１０％，糖蜜１０％，采食量为０．５ｋｇ／（ｄ·头）。经５个月补饲后，天祝白牦牛和甘南牦牛的活重损失分别减少８０．３％和４６．８％，产奶量分别提高２０％和１３．６％，怀孕率分别提高１７．４和２０．０个百分点，投入产出比分别达到１∶３．５０和１∶２．１１。处理组与对照组之间存在极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），证明尿素糖蜜多营养舔砖是实施高寒牧区放牧牦牛冷季补饲的一条新的有效途径     

海福特×黄牛×牦牛幼龄公牛饲喂尿素增重试验

１９９２年冷季（２～４月），在大通种牛场对海福特×黄牛×牦牛幼龄公牛进行６１天饲喂尿素试验。在白天放牧、早晚单槽拴系补饲，每日每头补饲１．５ｋｇ干草，０．５ｋｇ精料的条件下，试验组（５头）每日每头补喂尿素５０ｇ（分早晚两次），对照组（５头）不喂尿素。试验结果：试验组平均日增重２３７．７ｇ，对照组为－１１．５ｇ，两组差异极显著。     

雏鸭试验性镉中毒的病理学研究

用１１４ 只３ 日龄肉鸭作急性、亚急性镉中毒的病理学观察。急性毒性试验,经预备试验,将其中７０ 只雏鸭随机分为 ７组,每组１０ 只,按千克体重各以１６７、２０１、２４１、２８９、３４７、４１７、５００ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 的剂量给试验鸭一次性灌服氯化镉水溶液,试验期 １周。雏鸭灌药２０ ｍ ｉｎ 后开始死亡,１．５～９ｈ 达死亡高峰,因死亡时间短,多无明显的特异症状。各组的死亡率分别是 １０％ 、１０％ 、３０％ 、５０％ 、７０％ 、８０％ 、９０％ ,用简化寇氏法求出 Ｌ Ｄ５０ 为２８９ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ· Ｂ Ｗ 。尸体剖检和病理组织学变化主要是胃肠炎及脑充血、出血,极个别病程较长的病例心脏和肝脏被覆纤维素薄膜,表现为纤维素性心外膜炎和纤维素性肝周炎的变化。亚急性毒性试验,将其余的４４ 只雏鸭随机分为４ 组,每组１１ 只,１ 组作对照组,其余３ 组按ｋｇ 体重每天灌服１／１０、１／２０、１／３０ Ｌ Ｄ５０ 剂量的氯化镉水溶液,试验期６周,每周称重一次,调整服镉剂量。试验组鸭的发病率分别为１１／１１、１１／１１、３／１１、死亡率分别为１０／１１、７／１１、３／１１,对照组鸭 无一例发病或死亡。中毒鸭表现为生长明显减缓（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５ 或 Ｐ＜ ０．０     

芦白2号系猪系统选育研究

芦白２号系猪经过５个世代的选育，各项性能指标均已达到或超过设计指标。总产仔数１２．２５头，６０天育成头数９．９２５头。２０天窝重４１．３３ｋｇ，６０天窝重１９７．１ｋｇ，育肥期平均增重５８３．３ｇ，达９０ｋｇ体重的平均日龄１８０．９天，每ｋｇ增重耗料３．４ｋｇ，瘦肉率５８．６５％。与杜洛克猪杂交，育肥期平均日增重６７３．４ｇ，达９０ｋｇ体重平均日龄１７０．３天，每ｋｇ增重耗料３．２７ｋｇ，瘦肉率６     

中国美利奴羊“U”系新类群

新疆农垦科学院石国庆等,用胚胎移植技术,培育出“Ｕ”系羊新类群。该系羊公羔初生重平均４．８４ｋｇ,母羔平均４．９１ｋｇ;断奶重公羔平均３９．４２ｋｇ,母羔平均３４．６９ｋｇ;１２月龄体重:公羊平均８０．３１ｋｇ,母羊平均６３．１８ｋｇ。周岁公羊毛长平均１１．９７ｃｍ,剪毛量平均１３．１４ｋｇ,周岁母羊分别为１１．７４ｃｍ和１０．２０ｋｇ;平均净毛率为７０．０%以上。２周岁公羊体重平均１１６ｋｇ,毛长平均１１．５ｃｍ,剪毛量平均１４．５ｋｇ,净毛率７０．２０%。２周岁母羊各项指标分别为７８ｋｇ、１１．５ｃｍ、１…     

夏洛莱羊与藏羊杂交试验研究报告

采用夏洛莱公羊与藏母羊杂交一次，结果表明，在相同的饲养管理条件下，夏洛莱羊的杂种后代初生重、断奶重、７月龄重和日增重分别比同龄藏羊羔高２０．５１％、２５％、４６．２３％和５０．１２％；宰前重和胴体重比同龄藏羊羔分别高５６．１１％和４８％，周岁母羊剪毛量比同龄藏母羊高１．２２ｋｇ。     

The effect of supplementary feeds on the bodyweight of yaks in cold season

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementary feeds, oat hay (OH), highland barley straw (HBS) and multi-nutrient blocks supplementation (UMMB) on reducing liveweight losses of both yak cows and calves grazed on low quality pastures during cold season. The trials of OH and HBS supplementation were conducted by using completely random design on 104 yak cows between 6 and 12 years of age as the following treatments: pure grazing (41 animals, body weight 230±67 kg) as control (CK); grazing+1.5 kg DM of OH per head daily (30 animals, body weight 216±28 kg); grazing+1.5 kg DM of HBS per head daily (33 animals, body weight 221±34 kg). The trial of UMMB was conducted on three types of yaks, 1-year calves (8-12 months old, body weight 61.1±6.9 kg), 2-year calves (18-24 months old, 98.0±11.3 kg) and yak cows (164.5±27.1 (S.D.) kg) with 20 animals in control group (CK) and 20 animals in supplement group for each type by using completely random design as the following treatments: pure grazing for CK group; grazing+150, 250 and 500 g UMMB per day averagely for 1-year calf, 2-year calf and cow at night. The results indicate that the animals supplemented with oat hay received body weight gain (32±20.7 g day⁻¹), while those supplemented with highland barley straw still suffered from body weight loss (−56.7±39.3 g day⁻¹); UMMB supplementation can decrease the body weight loss by 109.7%, 86.6% and 63.4% for the 1-year calves, 2-year calves and yak cows, respectively, as compared with pure grazing. Around US$1.60 output can be achieved on the basis of US$1 input for UMMB supplementation in the farming systems of the 1-year calves, 2-year calves and yak cows, while US$1 input can produce US$1.55 and 1.14 output for OH and HBS supplementations, respectively, in yak cows' farming system. It can be preliminary concluded that UMMB supplementation was the most economic way to alleviate body weight loss of grazing yaks over cold season, and the higher productive returns were obtained from OH supplementation for grazing yak cows during winter/spring months.     

Ceftiofur distribution in plasma and tissues following subcutaneously administration in ducks

A study was performed to determine the residues in blood and edible tissues of healthy ducks (25 days old, mean body weight 1.0+/-0.13 kg) after subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur sodium at a dose rate of 2 mg/kg body weight (Group I) and 4 mg/kg body weight (Group II). Blood, muscle, liver, kidney, and fat samples were collected from all of ducks on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th day after treatment of drug, and ceftiofur was analyzed with a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay with results reported as ceftiofur-free acid equivalent (CFAE). To study the spiked recovery, blank plasma and tissues were spiked with two different concentrations of ceftiofur sodium (0.1, 0.5 microg/g). Average recovery values for all samples ranged from 70.3 to 87.3%. In the group I, desfuroylceftiofur acetamide (DCA) was not detected in all of plasma, muscle, liver, and fat tissues on the 1st day after treatment. But, kidney samples on the 1st day were detected DCA (0.059+/-0.01 microg CFAE/g tissue). On the 2nd day of post-treatment, the concentrations of DCA in all tissues were lower than the detection limit, 0.05 microg CFAE /g tissue. In the group II on the 1st day after treatment, the concentration of DCA was 0.124+/-0.06 microg CFAE/g tissue, 0.103+/-0.03 microg CFAE/g tissue, and 0.071+/-0.010 microg CFAE/g tissue in plasma, kidney, and muscle samples, respectively. On the 2nd day after treatment of ceftiofur, the concentrations of DCA in all tissues were lower than 0.05 microg CFAE/g tissue. According to our results, the concentrations of DCA on the 1st day after treatment with 2 mg/kg body weight were below 0.05 microg CFAE/g tissue equivalent in all tissues except for kidney. On the 2nd day after administration at the dose of 4 mg/kg body weight, no DCA was also detected in all of the tissues although DCA was detected in all samples on the 1st day.     

安全性种羊预混料对公羊精液品质及母羊妊娠、哺乳期生产性能的影响

以维生素和有机微量元素、活性酵母、植酸酶、缓冲剂等绿色饲料添加剂为主体开发生产安全性种羊预混料，具有增加种公羊射精量，改善其精液品质和提高母羊妊娠、哺乳期生产性能，增加羔羊断奶重等的显著效果，使用安全环保。与对照组相比，可提高无角陶赛特公羊一次射精量0．16ml（P〈0．05），精子密度1．70亿／ml（P〈0．01），精子活力0．07（P〉0．05），使小尾寒羊母羊头均产活仔数、羔羊初生重和羔羊断奶重分别提高0．3只、10g／只和0．72kg／只（P〉0．05）。     

Protein and energy balance in pregnant gilts

Thirty-nine Landrace gilts, average age 240.6 days and mean body weight 117.1 kg, were mated and divided into five feeding groups. Gilts of groups 1 to 4 were fed daily, for 111 days of gestation, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 or 3.5 kg of a diet containing 12% digestible protein (DP); gilts of group 5 were given daily 3.5 kg of a diet containing 14.7% DP. All gilts were slaughtered on day 112 of gestation and chemical composition of the carcass and internal organs, including the gestated utera, were analysed. Initial chemical body composition of gilts was estimated by equations obtained on 28 animals slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment.The level of feeding had no effect on the litter size, or on the chemical composition of the products of conception.Protein and fat deposition increased linearly with elevation of the amount of food per day. In gilts given daily 1.5 kg of the diet, retention of protein was accompanied by loss of fat from the body.Increase in protein content in the diet did not reduce the utilization of digestible protein for its retention in the body.The protein and energy costs of 1 g protein deposited in tissues was higher in the products of conception (6.57 g DP and 79.2 kJ ME) than in the maternal bodies of gilts (3.66 g DP and 48.4 kJ ME). The maintenance requirement of pregnant gilts was estimated at 490.6 kJ ME per kg^0.75 per day.     

Decreasing half-life of dieldrin in egg yolk following a single oral administration of aldrin to laying hens

Laying hens were treated orally with a single dose of aldrin (AD) 1 mg/kg body weight. Concentrations (microgram/g) of AD or its epoxide (= dieldrin, DD) in the yolk of eggs laid for 21 days after AD treatment were determined by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The limits of determination were 0.02 microgram/g for AD and 0.03 microgram/g for DD, respectively. After AD treatment, although the low levels of AD (mean 0.02-0.03 microgram/g) were observed only during a three-day period (from 4th to 6th days), DD (mean 0.15 microgram/g) was found already on the 2nd day, indicating that the epoxidation of AD to DD in the hen's body is rapid. The highest level of DD (mean 0.40 microgram/g) was detected on the 6th day, and then DD levels decreased slowly and were detected up to the 21st day. In this decreasing phase, the half-life of DD in the yolk was estimated to be 25.6 days with a 95% confidence interval from 22.7 to 29.4 days.     

Pregnancy in dairy cows in various times of the year in relation to thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels

Conception of dairy cows was investigated in relation to changes in thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in March (n = 15), June (n = 10) November (n = 7) after oestrus synchronization by cloprostenol (Oestrophan Spofa) at a dose of 0.05 mg per head. The cows were inseminated from 8.00 to 9.00 o'clock a.m. Blood was taken from 9.00 to 10.00 a.m. from v. jugularis on the day of Oestrophan treatment (-3rd day), on the day of insemination (day 0), and on the 6th and 21st day after insemination. The lowest percentage of pregnant cows (26.67%) was recorded after the March insemination, the highest (50.0%) after the June insemination. 42.86% of cows became pregnant in November. Concentrations T4 in pregnant animals on the day 0 of March insemination were 67.55 +/- 16.95 nmol.1-alpha of serum. Nonsignificant decrease to value 65.60 +/- 10.06 and 49.33 +/- 17.47 nmol.l-1 of serum were observed on the day of June and November insemination. In T3 concentrations an average decrease from the values of 2.53 +/- 0.67 nmol.l-alpha on day 0 of the March insemination to 1.48 +/- 0.67 nmol.l-alpha on day 0 of the June insemination was observed, as well as a significant decrease to 0.80 +/- 0.45 nmol.l-1 of serum (P less than 0.05) on the day of the November insemination. Considering the results we suppose that the conception of dairy cows has an indirect relationship to thyroid hormones.     

Teratogenicity and toxicity of wild tree tobacco, Nicotiana glauca in sheep

Collections of Nicotiana glauca containing from 0.45-1.14 mg anabasine per gram dry weight of plant induced moderate - severe toxic signs in pregnant ewes and teratogenic effects in their offspring when the ewes were given single daily doses of the plant that provided from 1.66 - 3.42 mg anabasine per kg body weight. Toxic signs included excess salivation, irregular gait, wobbling while walking or standing, recumbency and death. Teratogenic effects occurred in offspring from animals fed those doses the 30th - 60th day of gestation. Terata expression included limb defects such as a fixed excessive carpal flexure with or without lateral or medial rotation of fore or rear limbs, lordosis, irregular shaped head or cleft palate.     

Optimum isoleucine requirement of laying hens and the effect of age

1. Medium weight laying hens were used for an assay to determine their isoleucine requirement between 26 and 36 weeks of age and again between 46 and 56 weeks of age. 2. Two isoleucine-limiting mixtures were formulated with similar amino acid profiles, one containing 198 g and the other 110 g crude protein per kg diet. These mixtures were blended to give a series of 11 diets with isoleucine contents ranging from 7.6 to 3.8 g/kg. The lowest protein diet was also fed with a supplement of L-isoleucine. Each of the 12 diets was given to 5 groups of 24 laying hens. 3. The daily isoleucine requirement of individual laying hens was estimated to be 9.48 mg/g egg output plus 44.47 mg/kg body weight per day for the 1st period and 12.11 mg/g egg output plus 6.86 mg/kg body weight per day for the 2nd period. Calculated optimum intakes of isoleucine for various ratios of cost of input to value of output are tabulated. For example, for a flock of medium weight hens producing an average of 50 g daily egg mass, the optimum isoleucine intake (mg/hen d) varied between 760 and 890 varying for ratios of costs to egg prices. 4. It is concluded that the isoleucine required per day does not decrease during the first laying year despite a decrease in rate of egg output.     

Factors affecting the reproductive performance of Awassi sheep flocks in north-east of Jordan: An epidemiological study

A prospective cohort study was conducted using 32 randomly selected Awassi sheep flocks to identify factors hypothesized to be associated with the occurrence of pregnancy, twinning and fetal loss between August 2005 and May 2006 in the region of Al-Safawi (northeast of Jordan). Vitamins A and E and selenium concentrations were determined on 448 blood samples. Using the forward selection procedure of the logistic regression module, models with statistically significant risk factors (P?<?0.05) were constructed for three outcomes; pregnancy, twinning and fetal loss. Serum vitamin A concentration levels were associated with pregnancy (OR?=?2.26, 2.48), twinning (OR?=?6.49, 17.74) and fetal loss (OR?=?0.13, 0.19). Primiparous ewes were 48% less likely to become pregnant than fourth or higher parity ewes. The likelihood of twinning increased significantly in ewes up to the third parity. Ewes that were fed 700-900 g barley, 250-300 g wheat-bran per head per day and grazed on vegetables residues were 4.15 times more likely to have twins than ewes that were fed 600 g barley and 200 g wheat-bran per head per day. Fetal loss in first and second parity ewes was about 3 times more likely than that in third or higher-parity ewes. Ewes pregnant with twins were about 14 times more likely to have fetal loss than ewes carrying single fetus. Pregnant ewes of the stationary flocks were 37% less likely to have fetal loss than ewes of the semi-nomadic flocks. These results demonstrate that stationary Awassi sheep flocks had higher pregnancy and twinning rates and less pregnancy loss. Supplementation of vitamin A, providing sufficient quantity of dry feed and increasing ram: ewe ratio for primiparous ewes of semi-nomadic flocks is essential to improve Awassi sheep reproductive performance.     

泌乳期云南半细毛羊的蛋白质需要量

本试验旨在研究泌乳期云南半细毛羊的蛋白质需要量。选择50只预产期接近、体重接近的泌乳期云南半细毛羊,随机分为5组(每组10只),分别饲喂蛋白质水平为8.85%、10.55%、12.49%、14.50%和15.95%的试验饲粮。饲养试验共104 d,其中预试期14 d,每组选择实际产羔日期接近、产后体重接近的8只试验羊进入为期90 d的正试期。分别在正试期的第20、50、80天从每组选择5只母羊进行为期5 d的消化代谢试验。结果显示：1)云南半细毛羊泌乳期蛋白质沉积量[RP,g/(kg W^0.75·d)]与蛋白质摄入量[PI,g/(kg W^0.75·d)]间的回归方程为：泌乳第20天,RP=0.425PI-1.916(R²=0.978);泌乳第50天,RP=0.434PI-2.101 (R²=0.984);泌乳第80天,RP=0.446PI-2.147(R²=0.998)。方程的截距即母羊每天的内源尿蛋白质和代谢粪蛋白质的损失量,也就是维持净蛋白质需要量,因此云南半细毛羊泌乳第2...