人参 三七 刺五加和五味子对小鼠学习记忆影响的比较研究

采用一次性被动回避反射——跳台法及避暗法的行为实验和三种化学药品所致记忆障碍模型,观察了人参、三七、刺五加和五味子对小鼠学习记忆的影响。结果表明:这四种中药对戊巴比妥钠造成的记忆获得不良和亚硝酸钠所致的记忆巩固障碍均有一定的改善作用。人参和刺五加可桔抗40％乙醇造成的记忆再现缺损,而五味子只有达到一定剂量时才起作用,三七则无作用。可见人参、三七、刺五加和五味子均可改善小鼠的学习和记忆功能。     

金柑总黄酮对小鼠胃肠吸收功能的影响

以金柑总黄酮为原料,采用阿托品建立抑制胃肠吸收的动物模型,探讨不同产地(湖南浏阳、江西遂川)与不同剂量(160mg/kg、80 mg/kg、20 mg/kg)的金柑总黄酮对小鼠胃排空、小肠推进率和小肠吸收功能的影响.结果表明:与模型对照组比,两个高剂量组的小鼠胃酚红排空、小肠酚红推进率和对木糖的吸收具有极显著的影响(P<0.01),两个中剂量组有显著影响(P<0.05),两个低剂量组无显著影响.     

百合膳食纤维对小白鼠润肠通便功能的影响

以麝香百合渣、麝香百合膳食纤维和卷丹渣为原料进行实验,并通过建立便秘模型,了解百合膳食纤维对小白鼠润肠通便功能的影响.实验结果证明,百合膳食纤维极显著缩短了小鼠的首次排便时间(p<0.01),麝香百合渣、卷丹渣能够增加小鼠的排便质量,其有效剂量为7.8 g/kg,当剂量达到15.6 g/kg时,所有实验组均能极显著增加排便质量.中浓度卷丹渣能显著提高粪便含水率(p<0.05),高浓度百合膳食纤维能够极显著增加小鼠粪便含水率(p<0.01).中、高浓度的百合膳食纤维能极显著增加小肠推进率(p<0.01).由此说明,百合膳食纤维能改善便秘模型小鼠的通便功能,并且以高浓度百合膳食纤维的效果最佳.     

银杏叶聚戊烯醇对荷瘤鼠生命延长率的研究

以银杏叶为原料,采用皂化反应、溶剂冷冻和Ⅱ级分子蒸馏分离聚戊烯醇不皂化物,精制银杏叶聚戊烯醇(GP),纯度87.3%.通过建立人脑瘤SF763、人肺腺瘤A549和艾氏腹水瘤EC移植小鼠模型,GP口服给药,研究GP对人脑瘤SF763裸鼠和艾氏腹水瘤EC小鼠的生命延长率,观察GP对人肺腺瘤A549裸鼠的抑瘤率.结果表明:生药剂量320 mg/kg GP联合2 mg/kg阿霉素(ADM),其生命延长率为88%(P＜0.01),GP能明显延长荷人脑瘤SF763裸鼠生命;GP在大于40 mg/kg时对人肺腺瘤A549裸鼠具有明显的抑制作用(P＜0.05),最佳剂量为GP80 mg/kg,接种时间11 d,抑瘤率为82.2%(P＜0.01);GP对艾氏腹水瘤EC小鼠的生存期呈现负量效关系,GP最佳剂量范围在5～10 mg/kg,最高生命延长率为32.77%(P＜0.05).     

柽柳总黄酮含量差异性研究

运用超声波提取方法对柽柳植株中总黄酮的空间分布、年变化及不同柽柳家系总黄酮的变化情况进行了研究。结果表明:柽柳植株各部位都含有黄酮类化合物,但总黄酮含量不同,其中根皮和茎皮含量最高达到17.949mg/g和17.060mg/g,显著(P<0.01)超过其他部位,去皮茎含量最低为5.233mg/g;柽柳茎和嫩茎叶中总黄酮含量各月间存在显著差异,在7月达最高值显著(P<0.01)超过5月和6月;柽柳家系间地上部分总黄酮含量的差异显著(P<0.05),9个家系的平均值为20.232mg/g,变异系数为49.6%,滨1012和滨1018总黄酮含量最高,与其它家系达到极显著差异水平(P<0.01)。     

金橘黄酮提取物对大鼠降血脂功能的影响

以湖南浏阳金橘黄酮提取物(FC1)和江西遂川金橘黄酮提取物(FC2)为受试药物,大鼠为实验对象,测定大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)指标,探讨金橘黄酮提取物的降血脂效果.结果表明:80 mg.kg-1剂量FC1、FC2能显著降低大鼠血清TG值(P<0.05),极显著降低大鼠血清TC和LDL-C值(P<0.01);FC2在20 mg.kg-1剂量可显著降低试验组动物的血清LDL-C值(P<0.05);160 mg.kg-1剂量FC1、FC2可极显著降低大鼠血清TG值(P<0.01).各受试物实验组动物的血清TC浓度都有显著的下降(P<0.05).     

沙棘—山楂汁对小鼠血脂的影响

将6周龄BALB/C雄性小鼠40只随机分为对照、高脂和沙棘三组,对照组喂基础饲料,饮自来水;高脂组和沙棘组小鼠喂以高脂饲料,分别饮用自来水和沙棘—山楂汁。喂养45d,采尾血测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL—C)含量,并断头取血测定血浆卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶(LCAT)相对活性。结果表明,沙棘组小鼠与高脂组比较TC、TG显著降低(P<0.01),HDL—C明显升高(P<0.05),动脉硬化指数TC—HDL—C/HDL—C和LDL—C/HDL—C也显著降低。LCAT相对活性则有显著的提高(P<0.05)。说明沙棘—山楂汁具有降血脂和抗动脉粥样硬化作用。     

银杏叶聚戊烯醇对小鼠免疫功能和诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的研究

用不同剂量银杏叶聚戊烯醇(GP)给正常小鼠和荷瘤小鼠灌胃,用碳粒廓清法分析正常小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能;采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测S180荷瘤小鼠的凋亡细胞比率(APO)、S期细胞比率(SPF)和增殖指数(PI)的变化,分析T细胞亚群CD4/CD8比值的影响.结果表明,10和20 mg/kg的GP能提高正常小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬功能, 对碳粒的清除作用高于环磷酰胺(CTX);高剂量组(40 mg/kg)GP与对照组比较,能增加肝癌(Heps)荷瘤小鼠胸腺指数和艾氏腹水癌(EC)荷瘤小鼠脾指数.5 mg/kg GP对S180荷瘤小鼠细胞的APO为6.35, 明显高于阴性对照组及其它给药组,使S180荷瘤小鼠CD4/CD8比值接近正常小鼠.     

不同林龄华北落叶松人工林林分生长与土壤养分的关系

为了给森林经营和资源保护提供科学依据,基于塞罕坝机械林场不同林龄(12a生幼龄林,27a生中龄林,40a生近熟林)华北落叶松人工林标准地的调查资料,采用Pearson相关分析对林分生长与土壤养分之间的关系进行探讨,结果表明:随着华北落叶松人工林林龄的增加,土壤pH值由5.76降到5.52,土壤酸性逐渐增强,速效磷含量变化范围为4.67~7.64mg/kg,与pH值变化一致,呈逐渐降低趋势;土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾以及全钾含量在中龄林中最高,分别为39.02g/kg、2.32g/kg、130.56mg/kg和17.6g/kg,近熟林次之,幼龄林最低。其中,全氮含量在各个林龄阶段差异显著(P0.05),全钾含量差异极显著(P0.01);土壤全磷含量和碱解氮含量随着华北落叶松人工林林龄的增加而增加,且在各个林龄阶段全磷含量差异显著(P0.05)、碱解氮含量差异极显著(P0.01)。总的来说,不同林龄华北落叶松土壤养分含量差异较大,幼龄林和中龄林对土壤养分的需求较高。     

2种植物生长调节剂对盆栽桂花的矮化效果试验

选用多效唑PP333(Paclobutrazol)和矮壮素CCC(Chlorcholinchlorid)2种植物生长调节剂开展了3年生盆栽桂花(Osmanthus fragrans)的矮化效果研究.结果表明:浓度为1 500、3 000和6 000 mg/kg的矮壮素均使桂花新梢茎显著增粗(P＜0.05),浓度为1 500mg/kg的多效唑使桂花新梢长显著缩短(P＜0.05);各浓度的生长调节剂基本使桂花花量增加,花期延迟.综合考虑盆栽桂花的生长及开花情况,多效唑的最适施用浓度为l 500mg/kg,矮壮素的适施用浓度范围为6 000 mg/kg.     

Anticonvulsant evaluation of safranal and crocin from Crocus sativus in mice

The anticonvulsant activities of Crocus sativus stigma constituents, safranal and crocin, were evaluated in mice using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions in mice. Safranal (0.15 and 0.35 ml/kg, i.p.) reduced the seizure duration, delayed the onset of tonic convulsions and protected mice from death. Crocin (200 mg/kg, i.p.) did not show anticonvulsant activity.     

Pro-cognitive activity induced in the rat by low doses of R-(+)-hyoscyamine

In the passive-avoidance test R-(+)-hyoscyamine (10-100 microg kg(-1) i.p.) prevented amnesia induced by antimuscarinic treatment with AF-64A and benzhexol. The antiamnesic effect of R-(+)-hyoscyamine was comparable to that exerted by the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine (0.2 mg kg(-1) i.p) and the M(1) selective agonist AF-102B (10 mg kg(-1) i.p.). In the social learning test, R-(+)-hyoscyamine (10-100 microg kg(-1) i.p.) in adults rats, reduced the duration of active exploration of the familiar partner in the second session of the test similar to the nootropic drug piracetam (30 mg kg(-1) i.p.). These results demonstrated the ability of R-(+)-hyoscyamine to modulate memory functions and suggest that R-(+)-hyoscyamine could be useful in the treatment of cognitive deficits.     

Antinociceptive activity of Zizyphus spina-christi root bark extract

The antinociceptive effect of the aqueous extract of Zizyphus spina-christi root bark was investigated in mice and rats. Acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and thermal (hot plate) tests were used. The extract (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) showed a dose-dependent analgesic effect in all the tests used. Its i.p. LD50 in mice was 2236.07 mg/kg.     

Passiflora alata and Passiflora edulis spray-dried aqueous extracts inhibit inflammation in mouse model of pleurisy

The aqueous leaves extracts of Passiflora alata (100-300 mg/kg, i.p.) and Passiflora edulis (100-1000 mg/kg, i.p.) possess a significant antiinflammatory activity on carrageenan-induced pleurisy in mice. Treatment with the extracts inhibited leukocyte migration and reduced the formation of exudate. Moreover, a significant inhibition of myeloperoxidase and adenosine-deaminase activities was observed at the doses tested (100 or 250 mg/kg, i.p.). At the same doses, a significant decrease of serum C-reactive protein was observed.     

CNS depressant activity of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides

The aqueous root extract of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides was used to study the central nervous system depressant activity pattern of the plant. The extract protected mice from strychnine-induced convulsion at 400 mg/kg p.o. and 100 mg/kg i.p. A dose-dependent prolongation of seizure latency was produced at 400 mg/kg, p.o. and 100 mg/kg i.p. for strychnine-induced seizure; and at 400 mg/kg p.o. and 100 mg/kg i.p. for picrotoxin-induced seizure. Moreover, the CNS depressant activity of the extract (200 mg/kg p.o. and 50 mg/kg i.p.) was demonstrated by a significant prolongation of 40 mg/kg, pentobarbitone sleeping time, and significant reduction in exploratory behavior of mice at a dose of 400 mg/kg p.o., with both effects comparable to effects produced by 4 mg/kg chlorpromazine. Acute oral toxicity test, up to 14 days, did not produce any visible signs of toxicity; however, acute (24 h) i.p toxicity test produced a dose-dependent mortality with LD50 of 455.2 mg/kg.     

Antinociceptive diterpene from Euphorbia decipiens

One myrsinol-type diterpene ester (1) isolated from Euphorbia decipiens was evaluated for analgesic activity in the acetic acid induced writhing test in mice. Different dose (5-20 mg/kg i.p.) of the compound showed significant antinociceptive activity, which was comparable to standard analgesic drugs, aspirin and ibuprofen (100 mg/kg i.p.).     

Z-ligustilide isolated from Radix Angelicae sinensis ameliorates the memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice

We investigated the effect of Z-ligustilide (LIG) on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in ICR mice. LIG (2.5–40 mg/kg) or tacrine (10 mg/kg) was orally administrated for 26 days. Behavior was examined in the Morris water maze and Y-maze after scopolamine administration (2 mg/kg, i.p.). The central acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities were assessed spectrophotometrically. LIG significantly improved spatial long-term memory and short-term memory impairment, inhibited AChE activity and increased ChAT activity. Moreover, LIG and tacrine showed the comparable efficacy in both neurobehavioral and cholinergic evaluation. These data suggest that LIG may alleviate memory deficits probably via enhancing cholinergic function.     

Evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of lycorine from Sternbergia fisheriana (Herbert) Rupr

The present study reports the potential antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of lycorine from Sternbergia fischeriana (Herbert) Rupr. (Amaryllidaceae). Lycorine was evaluated on mice by using acetic-acid induced writhing and tail-flick tests. Lycorine exhibited stronger inhibition than aspirin in acetic-acid induced abdominal stretching at 1.0 mg/kg dose. Lycorine also showed antinociceptive activity at 1.0 mg/kg dose in tail-flick test. The anti-inflammatory activity of lycorine was not found to be significant at dose of 0.5 mg/kg. However, at doses of 1.0 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg, i.p. showed a significant reduction with 53.45% and 36.42%, respectively in rat paw oedema induced by carrageenan against the reference anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (3 mg/kg, i.p.) (95.70%). The ED₅₀ of lycorine was determined as 0.514 mg/kg. Hepatoprotective activity of lycorine on carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) induced acute liver toxicity following biochemical parameters were also evaluated. Rats were treated with lycorine at doses of 1.0 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg, i.p. Results of biochemical tests were confirmed by histopathological examination. Lycorine exhibited significant hepatoprotective effect at dose of 2.0 mg/kg i.p. dose.     

Analgesic and antidiarrheal properties of Ocimum selloi essential oil in mice

Ocimum selloi essential oil (2, 20, and 200 mg/kg; p.o.) reduced, in a dose-dependent way, the abdominal contraction induced by acetic acid (0.6%; i.p.) and the diarrhea episodes induced by castor oil in mice. At the higher dose (200 mg/kg; p.o.), the essential oil significantly reduced intestinal transit (P<0.05) in the charcoal meal test. The main component detected in O. selloi essential oil was methyl chavicol (98%; GC and GC/MS).These effects seems to support the use of O. selloi against diarrhea, intestinal spasm and visceral pain.     

Antinociceptive activity of Malvastrum coromandelinum

The aerial parts of Malvastrum coromandelinum showed antinociceptive activity in the 0.6% acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice, the effects of acetone extract (200 mg/kg, p.o.) being comparable with acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg, p.o.)