农场农业数字化信息系统研究评述

以国家"三农"政策和黑龙江省垦区"科教兴垦"等一系列举措的实施为背景,主要评述了农业数字化信息系统的研究发展情况及黑龙江垦区的数字化农业发展情况,并对农业经济信息统计工作对农场经济发展的支持作用进行了展望。     

Tracing the process of becoming a farm successor on Swiss family farms

A theoretical model for farm succession is developed in which identity-related variables such as preferences for working autonomously or with animals influence occupational choice at the outset of the process, while environmental factors such as farm size and income prospects gain in importance during the latter stages of succession. A survey of 14-to-34-year-old potential farm successors in Switzerland is carried out to test the model. While female respondents focus on identity-related factors when making occupational choices, the model can be verified for several influencing variables for male successors, such as continuing the family tradition and the potential conversion of farmland to building land. For both men and women, the prospect of working alongside their parents is an important factor in the decision to take over the family farm.

A journey in and out of American agriculture. Reflections on Debt and Dispossession by Kathryn Marie Dudley (University of Chicago Press, 2000)

I was optimistic of a new beginning in an open society when I came to America in 1999. Since then, I have indeed benefited from many aspects of American life. I have learned a lot – especially through my experience with small farms and farmers. But now, it's time to move on. And it was reading Debt and Dispossession, a book about American agriculture and human values, that crystallized in me why I wanted to leave. By telling the story of the 1980s farm crisis through the words of the residents of a Minnesota town, the book prizes open many of the contradictions of American society. The 1970s were boom times for mid-western farms; farmers took advantage of easy farm credit to finance expansion. By the 1980s, the boom burst and slump loomed. Lenders wanted their money back and thousands of farmers were dispossessed. Debt and Dispossession probes beneath the surface of a community apparently united in protest against the dispossessions. Underneath, it finds a tangled picture of a society at war with itself, pitting farmer against farmer in a fratricidal struggle. The book let me glimpse the paradox of American individualism, all-American contradictions centering on government and consumerism, frugality and morality. Just like my experience of American agriculture and farmers as a whole, Debt and Dispossession helped me see the best side of America, but also revealed the fragility of life in a one-on-one society.     

黄龙山蔡家川林场景观格局分析

以黄龙山蔡家川林场1997森林资源二类调查数据、1∶10000林相图和1969年1∶50000的地形图为基础,利用GIS软件,应用地理信息系统技术,辅助Fragstats3.0景观软件,对林场的景观格局进行了分析。选取的景观空间格局度量指标包括:斑块数量、斑块大小、斑块密度指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数、多样性指数等。研究结果表明:林地是蔡家川林场的景观基质,森林景观以阔叶林为主,以其很强的萌蘖能力在各景观中占绝对优势。蔡家川林场森林景观异质性高,森林类型丰富多样。油松林和杨树林受人为干扰较大,形状简单。     

Filling the white space between the ads

In this personal essay, subtitled A jaundiced view of journalism after 30 years in the trenches, the author discusses the ethics challenges too often involved in the relationships between farm magazines and advertisers. Collusion between advertisers and editors is a clear and present danger, particularly in times when publications are struggling economically. Yet a more important question relates to agricultural journalists' collective failure to report on the underlying structural changes in agriculture and the broader society.Gene Logsdon is a farmer, writer, and editor who lives in Ohio and is recognized as one of agricultural journalism's most respected critics. He is the author of several books, includingHomesteading: How to Find New Independence on the Land, while his work also has appeared in major farm magazines and a newspaper column, The Country Rover. He studied philosophy and history at Bellarmine College and earned a master's degree in folklore and did doctoral work in American studies at Indiana University.     

成品油罐区消防问题

根据对１９６６－１９８６年１６个单位所属的１－３级油库火灾，火警调查，分析了我国油库油罐区火灾概率，灭火设施的可靠性和现有消防系统的效益，针对我国油罐区消防现状，参照国外罐区消防的一些做法，提出几种消防方案。     

农场中的博物馆：加拿大农业博物馆历史发展与管理体制研究

本文详细论述了加拿大农业博物馆与加拿大首都渥太华中心实验农场之间的渊源关系，加拿大农业博物馆是“绿色首都”渥太华的鲜活证明，渥太华是世界上唯一在城市心脏地带拥有大面积农场的国家首都，而渥太华中心实验农场是加拿大农业博物馆诞生的摇篮。通过深入探讨加拿大农业博物馆的组成部分、工作内容、管理体制与经营活动，得出几点启示，希望能对中国农业博物馆未来各项工作的开展产生有益的借鉴作用。     

关于西部农产品品牌竞争力的思考

加入WTO后,中国农业,尤其是西部地区的农业面临着巨大的竞争压力,表现在西部农业竞争力不强。本文强调提升西部农业竞争力的核心是农产品品牌竞争力。针对西部农产品品牌竞争力弱的现状,提出增强西部农产品品牌竞争力的途径。     

基于Surfer软件的田间信息制图与分析

为了直观清晰地表达田间信息的空间分布状况,为农田的定位施肥等农田精细管理提供依据,利用Surfer8.0软件中提供的克立格插值法处理农田信息数据,分别绘制在不同采样方案下土壤速效磷的等值线分布图,并对其进行了定性和定量分析,确定了合理的采样方案。又分别绘制了碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾与小麦产量的三维线框图,该图直观、清晰地反映了碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾与小麦产量的空间变异性分布情况以及它们之间存在的正相关关系。     

农户经营行为的农业面源污染效应及模型分析

从农户层面分析了农户的经营行为对农业面源污染的影响,同时利用环境经济学模型研究了 农业面源污染形成的经济机理,研究表明:中国农户经营行为对农业面源污染有着重要的影响;农业 面源污染负荷可分为三部分,一是来源于生产经营私人利润最大化与社会福利最大化背离的贡献,二 是来源于农户的经营决策机制的贡献,三是来源于政策、制度、技术水平和社会人口压力等因素的贡 献。因此,对于农业面源污染的调控,必须从这三部分贡献源入手,采取针对性的措施。     

Who is down on the farm? Social aspects of Australian agriculture in the 21st century

Globalization, international policymanipulations such as the US farm bill, andnational policy responses have received a greatdeal of media coverage in recent times. Theseinternational and national events are having amajor impact on agricultural production inAustralia. There is some suggestion that theyare, in fact, responsible for a downturn in thefortunes of agriculture. Yet, it is more likelythat these issues are acting to continue andexacerbate a trend towards reduced viabilityfor farm families evident in economic andsocial trends since at least the 1950s.Nevertheless, globalization and Australia's policy responses have left farm families morevulnerable in the global world. What then do weknow about their impact at farm gate level?Just who is doing the farming in Australia inthe 21st century and how are these peopleresponding to major world politics? This paperwill focus on the social aspects ofagricultural production in Australia notingsocial trends and drawing attention to thechanging social relations of agriculture. Thedominance of farm families, the role ofcorporate agriculture, ethnic diversity, theimportance of women, and the practice of farmtransfers will be canvassed in this paper.     

山东省农产品电子商务技术平台的研究与开发应用

本文重点介绍农产品电子商务技术平台的功能、子系统及实施应用情况。     

RFID在农业中的应用研究

阐述了RFID技术的概念、系统组成;介绍了RFID在农产品安全监控,动物追踪,农产品精细生产和农畜产品流通中的应用;并提出了当前农业应用RFID技术存在的问题。     

中国无公害农产品质量保障体系与产业化发展的对策

就“中国无公害农产品质量保障体系与产业化发展”进行了三个方面的阐述。首先,提出了无公害农产品开发的总体思路,包括其概念、指导思想、基本原则和市场定位诸点;其次,从完善无公害农产品标准和法规、规范无公害农产品认证体系、组建无公害农产品监管体系、完善无公害农业生产技术支撑体系、建立健全农产品质量检测体系、确保无公害农产品的质量及强化品牌意识、做好无公害农产品标志管理工作等几方面阐述了如何建立无公害农产品质量保障体系。最后,提出了如下关于无公害农产品产业化发展的对策:加强宣传和舆论监督,扩大无公害农产品影响;优化产业结构,大力推进无公害农产品认证工作;加大资金扶持力度,建立多元化的投融资机制;加大无公害农产品标准化和规范化的推广力度;加强农业科技培训和服务,落实无公害生产操作规程;积极培育和开拓市场,实现无公害农产品产业化发展;科技创新,用现代科学技术推动无公害农产品产业化发展。     

"家庭农场+合作社"经营模式探析 ——以江苏省苏州市为例

以规模经营的家庭农场为基础,联合创立农民专业合作社是创新农业生产经营组织的有效途径.家庭农场与农民专业合作社的相对弱质性促进了苏州"家庭农场+合作社"经营模式的产生,通过分析"家庭农场+合作社"经营模式的概念、特征及发展模式和政策启示发现,"家庭农场+合作社"的经营模式将是未来发展产业化农业的一个新趋势.     

A “curious blend”: The successful farmer in American farm magazines, 1984–1991

Mass media images offer audiences models for how to perform the social roles they depict. Opinions and other attributes of credible media models may likewise be embraced by audience members seeking to identify with those models. Thus farm magazine narratives about “successful” farmers may encourage readers to model or aspire to featured farmers' production and management techniques and ascribe legitimacy to models' responses to current agricultural issues. However, production of agrarian images in the mass media — including images of farms, farmers, and farmers' values — are inevitably biased such that media representations of successful farmers selectively present objective characteristics in terms of the media's own ideological frameworks, which in turn reflect the dominant ideology of the social relations in which the media are engaged. As a first step in identifying farm magazines' role in creating social models for farmers, this study analyzes articles featuring “successful,” “leading,” or “innovative” farmers in leading agricultural magazines. The featured farmers are categorized according to enterprise characteristics and characterizations of them and their management philosophies. Findings show that farmers in farm magazines have larger than average operations and are portrayed in a way that blends a “farming as business” orientation with more conventional agrarian values but that generally omits non-business aspects of farm life.     

广东家庭农场发展现状、问题与对策建议——基于湛江和梅州两地的实地调查

家庭农场是现阶段中国新型农业经营主体,它代表着未来中国农业发展的方向。本文通过对广东湛江和梅州两地的实地调研,发现广东家庭农场的发展普遍呈现出三个特点,即概念界定模糊,名称多样;流转山地多,水田少;单一种植少,种养结合多。家庭农场发展主要面临三个难题,即土地流转难、资金周转难和用工难。针对出现的这些问题,进而提出在全省制定扶持和培育家庭农场的政策文件、建立健全的土地流转机制、制定金融部门支持家庭农场发展的政策和建立完善的农业服务体系等对策建议。     

Saving the small farm: Agriculture in roman literature

Roman agriculture suffered traumatic changes during the 2nd century B.C. The traditional farmers who tilled their few acres and served family, gods and community were being squeezed out by large estate owners using slaves for investment farming. Politicians, scholars and poets tried to revive the ancestoral rustic life. In 133 B.C. the Gracchi legislated land reform to relieve the distress of the farmer soldiers who had won the empire. Although their efforts led to political confrontation that deteriorated into civil war, programs for the traditional farm became a permanent part of government policy from the late Republic until the end of the empire in 476 A.D. Scholars and poets made a contribution to the revival of agriculture with knowledge for improving the farm and by encouraging an agrarian mentality. The agricultural manuals (e.g. Cato (c. 150 B.C.), Varro (c. 50 B.C), and Columella (c.65 A.D.), defined the nature of the desirable farm and gave practical advice. Profit was the goal, but good farming practices made for pleasure and virtue as well. The image of the ancestoral farmer was perpetuated as was the notion that farming was the only honorable and respectable occupation for a Roman gentleman. In the Augustan Age (34 B.C.—14 A.D.) poets were encouraged by the government to adopted a rustic theme in hopes it would stimulate a return to the land and aid in the rebirth of Rome and Romans. In the GeorgicsVirgil begins with the practical details of farming, but uses myth and philosophy to explore the nature and meaning of life. He admits that Jove made life perilous. But Jove also gave man the art of agriculture and with hard work man could know the pleasure of a simple, virtuous, productive life. Horace directed his poetry against the allure of city life and in praise of rustic living. Epicureanism and Stoicism, in the guise of life on the farm, could show that although fate was unpredictable, the world was orderly and, if one recognized and accepted its limits, one could make a garden of the world and live a simple but happy life. By 300 A.D. Rome missed the peasant-farmer-soldier and by the 470's life had returned to an agrarian condition. Bishop Sidonius, trying to furnish meaning and perspective for the emerging new age, resorted to the Roman agricultural traditions still cherished as that world disappeared.     

Restaurants,chefs and local foods: insights drawn from application of a diffusion of innovation framework

Chefs have been recognized as potentially important partners in efforts to promote local food systems. Drawing on the diffusion of innovation framework we (a) examine the characteristics of chefs and restaurants that have adopted local foods; (b) identified local food attributes valued by restaurants; (c) examine how restaurants function as opinion leaders promoting local foods; (d) explored network linkages between culinary and production organizations; and (e) finally, we consider some of the barriers to more widespread adoption of local foods in the culinary community. Analyzing quantitative and qualitative data collected from interviews with individuals from 71 restaurants, we compare and contrast restaurants that utilize relatively large amounts of locally-produced ingredients with restaurants using few, if any, local products. Results reveal that chefs are most interested in intrinsic food qualities, such as taste and freshness, and less interested in production standards. As opinion leaders, chefs utilize signage, wait staff, and cooking classes to promote local foods; however, the diffusion process across restaurants, and between restaurants and producers, is limited by network associations. Structural barriers such as distribution problems and lack of convenience were identified as limiting more widespread use of locally-grown foods. We offer several implications of this research for further work that seeks to engage chefs as opinion leaders who are important to building greater support for local food systems.

论生态农场建设与发展

发展生态农场是中国未来农业发展的重要方向和战略选择。基于这种认识,本文首先在查阅相关文献的基础上,认为国内最早提出“生态农场”一词是在1928年;在此基础上,简述了生态农场的概念与特征,指出：生态农场就是以生态学理论为指导建立起来的由新型农业生产模式和技术体系构成的农业生产单位或单元,生态农场具有界限明显性、生物多样性、结构复杂性、功能高效性、技术先进性和发展循环性的特征。国外生态农场的发展具有起步早、发展快、规模大、类型多、效益好的特点。中国生态农场的建设与实践大致可分为以下3个阶段：第一阶段,是新中国刚刚成立时,依据计划经济原则创办的国营农场;第二阶段,是上世纪80年代初开始,发展的生态农场;第三阶段,是进入新世纪,大力提倡发展的家庭农场,尤其是家庭生态农场。从当前国内外农业发展的现状及未来趋势看,中国加快生态农场建设与发展不仅重要而且紧迫,势在必行。最后,作者提出加快中国生态农场建设与发展的对策和措施是：一是提高认识;二是制定规划;三是加快实施;四是推广技术;五是开展合作;六是完善制度。