Causes of sow mortality in Hungarian indoor and outdoor pig production units

Assessing the reasons for death in pig breeding units is the first step in understanding and controlling the factors influencing sow losses due to mortality. From October 1997 to October 2001 in forty-nine indoor (2876 sows died) and sixty-five outdoor breeding units (3451 sows died) sow mortality was evaluated. The average annual mortality rate during the four year evaluation period was 5.1 +/- 1.2% in indoor and 12.2 +/- 2.1% in outdoor production units. Swine urogenital disease (SUGD, 32.4%), heart failure (HF, 21.8%) and locomotor problems (LP, 33.1%) caused deaths were markedly higher in outdoor production, while periparturient diseases (mastitis-metritis-agalactia, MMA, 24.5%) and torsion or distension abdominal organs (TDA, 20.5%) revealed markedly higher losses in indoor units. The annual culling rate was 39.1% in the indoor and 45.2% in the outdoor units. In outdoor units 40.1% of all deaths occurred during the periparturient period of the reproductive cycle, in indoor units the majority of mortality happened during lactation (40.2%). Average parity at death was 3.6 in indoor and 2.5 in outdoor production.     

Prevalence of Haemophilus parasuis serovars among isolates from swine.

Two hundred sixty Haemophilus spp isolates that had been obtained from the respiratory tract and other sites of swine were acquired from diagnostic laboratories, primarily in the United States and Canada. The majority of isolates (243/260) were biochemically characterized as H parasuis; however, a few isolates of taxa distinct from H parasuis (taxa "minor group," D, E, and F) were identified. Fourteen H parasuis serovars were identified, and of those previously described, the most prevalent were 5 (24.3% of isolates), 4 (16.1%), 2 (8.2%), and 7 (3.7%). Three new serovars that were also prevalent included ND4 (11.1%), ND3 (8.6%), and ND5 (6.6%). Serovars 1, 3, 6, C, D, and new serovars ND1 and ND2 were infrequently identified, and 15.2% of isolates were nontypeable. It was not uncommon to isolate multiple serovars from swine of the same herd or related herds. Distribution of serovars among isolates from the United States and Canada was generally similar; however, a higher prevalence of serovar 5 and a lower prevalence of serovars 2, ND3, and ND5 were evident in isolates from Canada. Comparison of isolates obtained from the respiratory tract of swine without polyserositis with those obtained from swine with polyserositis revealed an increased frequency of serovars 4 and 5, and a decreased frequency of serovar 2, among isolates from swine with polyserositis. However, all prevalent serovars were isolated from swine with polyserositis, and data were not indicative of an association between serovar, site of isolation, or pathogenic potential.     

广东省部分猪场副猪嗜血杆菌的分离与鉴定

从广东部分猪场发病猪的肺脏、气管和扁桃体分离细菌并培养,获得3株可疑菌株。根据发病猪的临床症状、剖检病理变化以及菌落的形态、菌体特征和生化试验结果,初步鉴定所分离的3株菌株为副猪嗜血杆菌。在细菌学鉴定的基础上,同时结合特异性PCR检测方法进行鉴定,结果3株菌株均扩增出822bp的特异性目的条带,进一步证实了所分离的3株菌株均为副猪嗜血杆菌。     

江西省部分猪场副猪嗜血杆菌病血清学调查

为调查江西省副猪嗜血杆菌病的流行情况,采集未进行疫苗免疫接种的11个猪场150份血清,应用间接血凝试验检测其抗体滴度,结果表明本地区副猪嗜血杆菌抗体总阳性率为44%,其中母猪阳性率偏高,说明该省猪场存在一定程度的副猪嗜血杆菌的感染.     

Prevalence of Haemophilus parasuis serovars isolated in Spain from 1993 to 1997

From 1993 to 1997, 327 strains of Haemophilus parasuis were isolated from spanish swine in our Diagnostic Laboratory and 174 strains (53.2%) were serotyped. Four serotypes, sv. 5 (18.4%), sv 4 (16%), sv. 2 (9.2%) and sv. 13 (8%) were the most frequently isolated and 29.3% of the studied strains were classified as non typable. The results obtained indicate that the distribution of the serotypes in Spain is very similar to that found by other researchers in Germany, Australia, Canada and alike to that found in the United States.     

2017年我国规模化猪场副猪嗜血杆菌流行病学调查

为了解副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,HPS)在我国规模化猪场中的流行情况及耐药情况,本试验对2017年全国20个省市疑似HPS感染的样品进行细菌分离培养、PCR鉴定分型和药敏试验。结果表明:从6 287份样品中共分离出563株HPS,分离率为8.42%。对其中115株HPS进行分型,得到血清型1型7株、2型2株、4型26株、5/12型38株、6型1株、7型2株、9型1株、10型1株、13型7株、14型16株、15型1株,未定型13株,可见4型、5/12型和14型HPS为我国规模化猪场中主要流行血清型。在HPS感染病例中,HPS单纯感染占比为57.93%,其与链球菌和大肠杆菌最易混合感染,比例分别为17.47%和10.34%。耐药性试验结果显示:HPS对氨苄青霉素和强力霉素的耐药率最高(均为55.56%),但对多黏菌素B、氟苯尼考、头孢类较为敏感,其中89株受试HPS均对多黏菌素B敏感,可见多黏菌素可作为对抗HPS感染的最后一道防线。     

Prevalence and characterization of genotypic diversity of Haemophilus parasuis isolates from southern China

From September 2008 to December 2010, 112 Haemophilus parasuis strains were isolated from 536 pigs with clinical signs of Glässer’s disease in South China, for a frequency of 21%. The 112 strains were subjected to serovar analysis by gel diffusion (GD) and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) tests and to genotype analysis by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). With a combination of the GD and IHA results, serovars 5 and 4 were found to be the most prevalent, at 23% and 17%, respectively, followed by serovars 2 (8%), 15 (7%), 13 (6%), and 12 (5%); 20% of the strains were nontypeable. The 112 strains were genetically diverse, with 85 genotypes identified (discriminatory index 0.992). The 89 typeable isolates belonged to 15 H. parasuis serovars displaying 63 different PFGE profiles. The 23 nontypeable strains displayed 22 different PFGE profiles. These findings confirmed that 15 serovars and diverse genotypes of H. parasuis were widely distributed in southern China.     

副猪嗜血杆菌的分离与鉴定

在通过对上海一发病猪群临床流行病学研究和病理学观察的基础上 ,从发病仔猪肺脏、气管和脾脏检出并分离到 1株革兰氏阴性细小杆菌 ,兼性厌氧。生化试验为 :接触酶阳性 ,氧化酶阴性 ,鸟氨酸脱羧酶、吲哚和脲酶阴性 ;生长需要NAD ,发酵果糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖 ;不分解D 甘露醇、D 山梨醇和海藻糖。用副猪嗜血杆菌的 1 6S小亚单位rRNA和tbpA基因的特异性PCR引物 ,通过PCR技术分别从该分离菌株扩增出 82 2bp及 1 9kb的特异基因片段 ,表明该分离菌株为副猪嗜血杆菌     

副猪嗜血杆菌的分离与鉴定

从福建省龙岩市l例临床症状、病理剖检变化疑似副猪嗜血杆菌病的患病猪的关节液中分离到1株革兰氏染色阴性可疑菌株,经卫星现象、生化鉴定等实验室诊断,进一步以副猪嗜血杆菌的16S rRNA基因设计特异性引物进行PCR鉴定,确定该分离菌为副猪嗜血杆菌。药敏试验结果表明,分离株对环丙沙星、卡那霉素、强力霉素、氨苄西林、阿米卡星、庆大霉素药物敏感;对泰妙菌素、诺氟沙星有抵抗力。     

副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定

副猪嗜血杆菌(Hps)为猪呼吸道疾病综合征(PRDC)的重要病原之一。在对广西65个猪场281份病猪组织样品进行PRDC病原学调查的基础上,对PCR检测的Hps阳性样品进行了细菌分离,并进行了生化特性、药敏试验、16 S RNA基因片段序列分析和基因组DNA的PCR指纹图谱分析。结果显示,11份(3.91%)检测样品为Hps阳性,且均为混合感染;从南宁市四塘、桂林市永福、玉林市容县和钦州市浦北分离出5株Hps,分离菌株的生化鉴定结果均符合Hps生化特性,且对头孢噻呋和头孢菌素高度敏感;其中3株为血清5型,1株为血清12型,另1株未能定型;分离菌株16 S RNA基因片段之间及与GenBank其他一些代表菌株的核苷酸同源性在99%以上。     

广西副猪嗜血杆菌病流行病学调查

本研究于2009年5月至2010年11月调查了广西南宁、桂林、玉林、钦州4个市60个猪场发生副猪嗜血杆菌病的情况。采集病猪组织样品共86份进行副猪嗜血杆菌分离;对疑似菌株进行形态学观察、培养特性、生化特性和PCR鉴定;最终分离鉴定到26株副猪嗜血杆菌,分离率为30.2%;对分离菌株进行血清型鉴定、致病性和药敏试验。结果表明26株分离株中血清4型有5株,5型3株,9、11、13、14、15型各1株,有1株与2、9、10、11型血清均有凝集,其余12株未能鉴定出血清型。血清型5、13、14菌株和5个未能定型的菌株能引起小白鼠全部死亡,其他菌株对小白鼠致病性不强。药敏试验结果表明70%以上的菌株除对恩诺沙星和氟苯尼考高度敏感外,对其他药物敏感性不高。本调查结果将对广西副猪嗜血杆菌病的防治提供指导。     

副猪嗜血杆菌毒力因子的研究进展

副猪嗜血杆菌是猪上呼吸道的一种常在条件性致病菌,以纤维素性多发性浆膜炎、关节炎和脑膜炎为主要特征,该菌引起的革拉氏病流行和危害日渐严重,严重危害了仔猪和青年猪的健康。本文对副猪嗜血杆菌的主要毒力因子包括荚膜多糖、脂多糖、脂寡糖、外膜蛋白、转铁结合蛋白、神经氨酸酶、生物被摸、cAMP依赖性自然转化系统和毒力相关活性酶进行了综述,对新技术运用于其毒力因子的研究作了简要介绍,并对今后的相关研究提出展望。     

副猪嗜血杆菌病的诊断及其综合防治

近年来，笔者在辽宁、江西、湖南、河南、河北、天津等省(市)均发现一种以哺乳阶段、保育阶段、生长育肥阶段的猪群为发病主体，以咳嗽、呼吸困难、消瘦、关节肿胀、跛行为主要临床症状，以浆液-纤维素性多发性浆膜炎(胸膜炎、腹膜炎等)和关节炎为主要病变的疾病正在日趋流行，尤其是当猪群处在断奶、     

副猪嗜血杆菌病的诊治

副猪嗜血杆菌病是近年来流行的一种猪的细菌性传染病,给养猪业发展带来很大危害,尤其是规模养猪场损失更大。笔者经过临床剖检、病料送检、化验室镜检、结合各地学者提供的药敏试验结果,采取综合用药治疗方法,使本病疫情在当地得到及时有效的控制。     

Comparative virulence of some English strains of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 2 and 3 in the pig

Between 10(7.5) and 10(8.1) viable organisms of four English and one Danish strain of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 and five English strains of serotype 3 were inoculated intranasally into groups of conventional pigs. Among the English isolates of both serotypes there were virulent and non-virulent strains. Four of the serotype 2 strains, including the Danish strain, and two of the serotype 3 strains produced varying degrees of pulmonary consolidation with abscess formation and pleurisy in at least three of the five pigs in the individual groups. H pleuropneumoniae was isolated from the pulmonary lesions in all save one instance, frequently from the tonsil but less frequently from other parts of the respiratory tract. Purulent arthritis and tenosynovitis developed in one animal infected with serotype 3. Apart from the latter pig no clinical signs of illness were detected except for febrile reactions which reflected the prevalence of the thoracic lesions in the various groups. A humoral antibody response was detected by indirect immunofluorescence in two-thirds of the pigs which developed lesions but in fewer by complement fixation.     

Seroprevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis in large pig production units

In 11 'farrow-to-finish' outdoor or indoor production units, blood samples from late pregnant gilts were tested by indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) serum assay for Lawsonia intracellularis. The offspring of positively tested gilts were tested at 2, 7, 12, 17, 22 and 27 weeks of age for seroprevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis. All offspring of IFA positive gilts were seronegative at 2 and 7 weeks of age. At 12 weeks of age 81.0% of indoor and 51.0% of outdoor pigs were tested positive. While at 17 weeks of age 82.5% of indoor-raised pigs showed seropositivity, in outdoor units the seropositivity declined to 31.3%. At weeks 22 and 27 indoor-raised pigs still showed marked seropositivity (17.7% and 11.5%) but their outdoor-raised counterparts revealed declining values (7.4% and 0%).     

Seroprevalence of antibodies against Lawsonia intracellularis among growing pigs raised in indoor versus outdoor units

OBJECTIVE: To determine change over time in sero-prevalence of antibodies against Lawsonia intracellularis among growing-finishing pigs housed in indoor versus outdoor facilities. DESIGN: Serologic survey. ANIMALS: 93 pigs born to seropositive gilts and raised in indoor (n = 49) or outdoor (44) growing-finishing facilities. PROCEDURE: Blood samples were collected from the pigs 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 weeks after birth and tested for antibodies against L intracellularis with an indirect immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS: None of the pigs were seropositive 2 or 6 weeks after birth.Ten weeks after birth, 74% and 76% of pigs in indoor and outdoor growing-finishing facilities were seropositive, respectively, whereas 14 weeks after birth, the percentage of pigs in indoor growing-finishing facilities that were seropositive was substantially higher than the percentage of pigs in outdoor facilities that were. From 18 weeks after birth to the end of the study, none of the pigs in outdoor growing-finishing facilities were seropositive, whereas low percentages of pigs in indoor facilities were seropositive 18, 22, and 26 weeks after birth. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that seroprevalence of antibodies against L intracellularis decreases faster among growing-finishing pigs housed in outdoor facilities than among growing-finishing pigs housed in indoor facilities.     

河南副猪嗜血杆菌病流行病学调查

于2011年3月至2012年2月调查了河南周口、安阳、新乡、濮阳、驻马店、南阳等6个市60个猪场副猪嗜血杆菌病流行情况.采集病猪组织样品共96份进行副猪嗜血杆菌分离;对疑似菌株进行形态学观察、生化特性鉴定;最终分离鉴定到30株副猪嗜血杆菌,分离率为31.25％;对分离菌株进行血清型鉴定、致病性和药敏试验,结果表明,30株分离株中血清4型有6株,5型5株,9、11、13、14、15型各1株,其余13株未能鉴定出血清型.血清型5、13、14菌株和5个未能定型的菌株能引起小鼠全部死亡,其他菌株对小鼠致病性不强.药敏试验结果表明,63％以上的菌株除对庆大霉素、头孢喹诺高度敏感外,对其他药物敏感性不高.本调查结果将对河南副猪嗜血杆菌病的防治提供指导.