两种重要储粮害虫的无公害防治技术研究

通过3种虫生真菌、2种苏云金杆菌粉剂(Bt-1和Bt-2)及48%乐斯本乳油对生活在小麦中的谷蠹、长角扁谷盗进行毒力试验,结果表明:Bt-1粉剂对两种储粮害虫具有较高的毒力,对谷蠹LD50为15.75ug/g,对长角扁谷盗LD50为8.06ug/g;三种虫生真菌对这两种害虫侵染力较弱,最高校正死亡率仅为55.0%。48%乐斯本乳油对两种储粮害虫的熏蒸效果较好,在0.80ml/L浓度下,谷蠹、长角扁谷盗死亡率均达到100.0%。     

江西省电网输电线路的鸟类多样性研究

2011年11月至2012年1月,在江西省7个点的4种生境中对高压输电线路鸟类多样性进行了研究。共记录鸟类74种,其中国家I级保护动物1种:东方白鹳(Ciconia minutus);国家Ⅱ级保护动物3种。常见鸟类有丝光椋鸟(Sturnus sericeus)、金翅雀(Carduelis sini-ca)、[树]麻雀(Passer montanus)、黑领椋鸟(Sturnus nigricollis)。鸟类居留型以留鸟和冬候鸟为主,区系以古北界最多,占近一半。4种生境中鸟类多样性指数差异较大。黑领椋鸟、喜鹊(Pica pica)、东方白鹳偏爱在铁塔上筑巢,对输电线路的危害较大。其他的一些大中型鸟类(如苍鹭(Ardea cinerea)、鸬鹚(Phalacrocorax carbo)等)也对线路安全有一定的威胁。     

枸杞林内捕食性蝽类生物学特性及主要种的功能反应

通过调查发现在枸杞林内捕食性蝽类共有4种，分别是食虫齿爪育蝽Deraeocoris punctulatus Pallen、异须微刺盲蝽Campylommadiversicornis Reuter、蒙新原花蝽Anthocori spilosus Jakovlev、微小花蝽Orius minutus Linnae-us，它们都捕食枸杞蚜Aphis Jsp.Gossypii、枸杞木虱ParatriozasinicaYangetLi等小型昆虫。其中食虫齿爪育蝽D.punctulatus Fallen数量最多，最常见。这种天敌喜欢潮湿阴凉的环境，室内测定每日能捕食枸杞木虱15头。测定其捕食枸杞木虱的功能反应，数学模型为：Nα=0.6327Nt/1 0.3428Nt。     

柯蚱属1新种及小突眼蚱雌性的首次发现（直翅目：蚱科）

记述采自中国西藏墨脱地区直翅目蚱科柯蚱属Coptotettix昆虫1新种:尖翅柯蚱Coptotettix spicupennis sp.nov.,同时报道突眼蚱属Ergatettix小突眼蚱Ergatettix minutus Ingrisch雌性的首次发现。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。     

The human papilloma virus-16 E7 oncoprotein is able to bind to the retinoblastoma gene product

Deletions or mutations of the retinoblastoma gene, RB1, are common features of many tumors and tumor cell lines. Recently, the RB1 gene product, p105-RB, has been shown to form stable protein/protein complexes with the oncoproteins of two DNA tumor viruses, the adenovirus E1A proteins and the simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen. Neither of these viruses is thought to be associated with human cancer, but they can cause tumors in rodents. Binding between the RB anti-oncoprotein and the adenovirus or SV40 oncoprotein can be recapitulated in vitro with coimmunoprecipitation mixing assays. These assays have been used to demonstrate that the E7 oncoprotein of the human papilloma virus type-16 can form similar complexes with p105-RB. Human papilloma virus-16 is found associated with approximately 50 percent of cervical carcinomas. These results suggest that these three DNA viruses may utilize similar mechanisms in transformation and implicate RB binding as a possible step in human papilloma virus-associated carcinogenesis.     

大剂量磷肥对锰、铜、铁素营养的影响

用甘肃主要农业土壤进行盆栽试验，研究施磷对锰、铜、铁素营养的影响。结果表明：（１）施磷显著增加松结有机态锰、紧结有机态锰和松结有机态铁的含量；而降低碳酸盐结合态锰、铜和铁的含量。（２）施锰、铜显著增加松结有机态铜和碳酸盐结合态铜。（３）施磷降低了玉米幼苗的含铜量和含铁量。     

棉蚜天敌控害作用的研究

采用田间罩笼排除法评价棉蚜天敌效力以及各类天敌数量动态的研究结果表明天敌对棉田棉蚜有着很强的控制作用。天敌中以多异瓢虫、方斑瓢虫、小花蝽和异须盲蝽为主,其余天敌数量很少     

樗蚕蓖麻蚕及柞蚕卵壳表面构造的研究

用扫描电镜观察了樗蚕、蓖麻蚕及柞蚕卵壳的表面构造,并比较了三者间的差异。精孔区:樗蚕、蓖麻蚕均只有一层花瓣状纹,无过渡型卵纹;而柞蚕为多层状构造,过渡型卵纹发达。卵壳中央部表面:樗蚕、蓖麻蚕由多角形主细胞紧密连接,主细胞中央凹陷,周边凸出成多角形小室,使整个卵面呈蜂窝状构造,主细胞顶角处有气孔开口;柞蚕则由多角形主细胞和郁金香花瓣状细胞间体及细胞间隙组成网状构造,细胞间体排列于主细胞环形突起上,内腔中心有气孔开口,外侧为郁金香花瓣状。樗蚕和蓖麻蚕的卵壳表面构造极为相似;而柞蚕则迥然不同。著者认为:昆虫卵壳表面的卵纹、结构在一定程度上反映了它们的类缘关系。     

江苏省杨树根际寄生线虫种类的初步调查与鉴定

2007-2008年,对江苏省杨树根际寄生线虫种群进行了初步调查,根据形态特征和测量值共鉴定出杨树根际寄生线虫7属9种,分别是南方丝尾垫刃线虫Filenchus australis Xie & Feng、圆形丝尾垫刃线虫Filenchus orbus Andrassy、指状螺旋线虫Helicotylenchus digitiformis Ivanova、小尾盾线虫Scutellonema brachyurus Strine、微小针线虫Paratylenchus minutus Linford、同形真滑刃线虫Aphelenchus isomerus Anderson & Hoopper、林伯滑刃线虫Aphelenchoides limberi Steiner、双尾滑刃线虫Aphelenchoides bicaudatus Filipjuv & Schuurmans,Stekhoven和美洲剑线虫Xiphinema americanum Cobb.这9种线虫除同形真滑刃线虫外,杨树是其余8种线虫的新寄主.     

几种瓢虫的卵黄蛋白抗原同源性及亚基结构的研究

免疫交叉反应结果表明,瓢虫亚科中龟纹瓢虫、异色瓢虫、七星瓢虫和展缘异点瓢虫四种不同属的瓢虫的卵黄蛋白之间有轻度的免疫交叉反应,而它们的抗体与盔唇瓢虫亚科的红点唇瓢虫和植食瓢虫亚科的马铃薯瓢虫的卵黄蛋白没有交叉反应。卵黄蛋白的多肽组成,龟纹瓢虫和异色瓢虫均与七星瓢虫十分相似,都由四种亚单位,大小分别二类亚基组成。龟纹瓢虫四种亚单位的分子量分别为13×10~4,12.8×10~4,4.6×10~4和4.3×10~4道尔顿;异色瓢虫为13×10~4,12.7×10~4,4.3×10~4和,4×10~4道尔顿。初步认为瓢虫科中各个种的卵黄蛋白多肽组成十分相似,但同源性差异明显,且差异程度与分类上的亲缘关系有关。     

盐渍土利用过程中土壤磷素的累积与利用

通过对长期定位试验的研究测定，研究了盐渍土培肥过程中土壤磷素的收支平衡以及磷素累积及其形态。同时，探讨了盐渍土的磷肥利用率。结果表明：通过长期培肥特别是施用磷肥，土壤含磷量有较大幅度的提高，其中大量的磷素被转化为无效的Ｃａ１０－Ｐ，占无机磷总量的４８％。而提高氮肥使用量，合理氮磷配比，有助于降低无效态的Ｃａ１０－Ｐ的比例。同时，表明作物对磷的需求能力并不因磷肥投入量增加而增加，在一定施磷水平以上，     

Efficient multistep photoinitiated electron transfer in a molecular pentad

A synthetic five-part molecular device has been prepared that uses a multistep electron transfer strategy similar to that of photosynthetic organisms to capture light energy and convert it to chemical potential in the form of long-lived charge separation. It consists of two covalently linked porphyrin moieties, one containing a zinc ion (P(Zn)) and the other present as the free base (P). The metailated porphyrin bears a carotenoid polyene (C) and the other a diquinone species (Q(A)-Q(B)). Excitation of the free-base porphyrin in a chloroform solution of the pentad yields an initial charge-separated state, C-P(Zn)-P(.+).-Q(A)(-)-Q(B), with a quantum yield of 0.85. Subsequent electron transfer steps lead to a final charge-separated state, C(.+)-P(Zn)-P-Q(A)-Q(B)(.-), which is formed with an overall quantum yield of 0.83 and has a lifetime of 55 microseconds. Irradiation of the free-base form of the pentad, C-P-P-Q(A)-Q(B), gives a similar charge-separated state with a lower quantum yield (0.15 in dichloromethane), although the lifetime is increased to approximately 340 microseconds. The artificial photosynthetic system preserves a significant fraction ( approximately 1.0 electron volt) of the initial excitation energy (1.9 electron volts) in the long-lived, charge-separated state.     

不同种动物心电图波形的比较

参照测定人体心电图的标准Ⅱ导联,研究了鲤、蛙、龟、蛇、鸡、马、驴、西门塔尔牛、湖羊、细毛羊、梅花鹿、驼、猪、犬、猫、小白鼠、家兔和人等五大类17种具有代表意义的动物心电图,对其P波、QRS波、T波的形态学进行了比较分析,其结果表明:鲤、蛇的P波形态变异较大,且鲤P波与人类P波形态相反,有50％呈负向,其余动物的P渡与人类P波的形态相似,呈现以正向为主,鲫、蛙、龟、蛇的QRS波以R波为主波,其中鲤以QR波为主,蛙为RS波,龟、蛇以Rs波为主,鸡52％呈RS型,42％呈rS型,其余动物和人类均属于以R波为主的QRS波,同一种动物的QRS波可有各种形态出现,主要为QR、qR,qRs、Rs,RS、R波的QRS波型,蛙、蛇、猫、兔、猪、驴、驼等动物的T波与人类相似、呈现以直立为主,其他动物的形态则变异较大。     

Genetic loci affecting resistance to human malaria parasites in a West African mosquito vector population

Successful propagation of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum within a susceptible mosquito vector is a prerequisite for the transmission of malaria. A field-based genetic analysis of the major human malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, has revealed natural factors that reduce the transmission of P. falciparum. Differences in P. falciparum oocyst numbers between mosquito isofemale families fed on the same infected blood indicated a large genetic component affecting resistance to the parasite, and genome-wide scanning in pedigrees of wild mosquitoes detected segregating resistance alleles. The apparently high natural frequency of resistance alleles suggests that malaria parasites (or a similar pathogen) exert a significant selective pressure on vector populations.     

梅花在加拿大西海岸推广应用的可行性

梅花是中国的传统名花,色香型俱佳。但除日本之外,西方国家很少栽培。梅花的花期正值圣诞节、元旦和情人节等西方的重要节日。温哥华的气候与我国盛产梅花的南京相似,梅花的组培苗、接穗和插条可以出口到加拿大西海岸。     

长蠹害虫的截获与杀灭

长蠹是世界上具经济重要性的木材害虫。根据在广州口岸对木材进行植物检疫检验过程中，捕获到的害虫有如下：Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｂｏｓｔｒｙｃｈｕｓａｅｑｕａｌｉｓ，Ｈ．ｐｉｌｅａｔｕｓ，Ｈ．ｕｎｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ，Ｈ．ｂｒｕｎｎｅｕｓ，Ｈ．ｈａｍａｔｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ，Ｘｙｌｏｔｈｒｉｐｅｓｆｌａｖｐｅｓ，Ｘｙｌｏｄｅｃｔｕｓｖｅｎｕｓｔｕｓ，Ｍｉｃｒａｐａｔｅｓｉｍｐｌｉｃｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ，Ｘｙｌｏｐｓｏｃｕｓｃａｐｕｃｉｎｕｓ，，Ｄｉｎｏｄｅｒｕｓｍｉｎｕｔｕｓ，Ｄ．ｐｉｌｉｆｏｒｎ，Ｓｉｎｏｘｙｌｏｎａｎａｌｅ，Ｓ．ｆｌａｂｒａｒｉｕｓ，Ｓ．ｃｏｎｉｇｅｒｕｍ，Ｓ．ｓｅｘ－ｄｅｎｔａｔｕｍ．用溴甲烷或磷化氢作熏蒸灭虫处理。     

中国尖尾叶蝉属一新种记述（半翅目：叶蝉科：广头叶蝉亚科）

该文记述了采自中国云南省的尖尾叶蝉属1新种,箭茎尖尾叶蝉Pedionis(Pedionis)sagittatasp.nov.,并提供了该种的整体图及雄性外生殖器的鉴别特征图.新种与李氏尖尾叶蝉P.(P.)lii Zhang et Viraktamath近似,区别特征为雄性尾节侧瓣腹缘具短刺毛;阳茎干突起基部较大,占据大半阳茎干;阳茎干强烈弯曲,相对较粗壮.     

低磷条件下玉米‖蚕豆间作作物根系间距对玉米磷吸收的影响

为探究不同根系间距下禾本科作物玉米(生长和磷吸收)受相邻作物玉米或蚕豆的影响，本研究以玉米为目标作物，通过圆柱形根箱培养试验，设置单株玉米、单作玉米、玉米‖蚕豆间作并改变相邻作物根系间距，探究低磷条件下，不同根系间距的相邻作物对目标玉米的生长、磷吸收和根际过程的影响。结果表明:1)与单株玉米相比，目标作物玉米与相邻作物玉米和蚕豆之间均以竞争为主，当作物根系间距较近时，单作玉米的生物量、磷含量分别下降21%、33%，间作玉米分别下降34%、31%；当作物根系间距较远时，单作玉米的生物量、磷含量分别下降10%、15%，间作玉米分别下降29%、29%。2)当根系间距较近时，蚕豆的根际pH低于玉米，且间作玉米和蚕豆之间的根际pH存在显著差异，而在根系间距较远的处理中两作物的根际pH无差异；相邻作物根系间距较远时，间作玉米的根际有机酸浓度显著高于单作玉米，间作玉米与单作玉米的根际有机酸浓度在根系间距较近时无差异。3)不同处理中单作和间作玉米的总根长、总根表面积无差异。综上所述，在低磷条件下，单作玉米的种内竞争强度随根系间距的增大而降低；而在不同根系间距下，间作玉米与蚕豆的种间竞争强度相似且无种间磷吸收促进作用。因此，种间根际互作形成的磷吸收竞争作用或促进作用依赖于适度的土壤磷供应。     

福建红黄壤主要粘粒矿物的形态特征

在 X 射线衍射鉴定的基础上,用透射电镜对福建红黄壤中常见的粘粒矿物的形态特征进行了观察,高岭石呈假六方片状和次圆形片状,大小差异较大,埃洛石呈管状。颗粒大的伊利石呈三角片状或棱角分明的长方片状,有的伊利石呈板条状,次生绿泥石矿物的形态与伊利石相近,呈不同形态的片状,赤铁矿主要以豆状及肾状存在,颗粒较小。针铁矿呈针状或小纺锤状。三水铝石多为小的豆状,鳞片状,有时也呈大的板状。     

The role of sea spray in cleansing air pollution over ocean via cloud processes

Particulate air pollution has been shown to strongly suppress precipitation from convective clouds over land. New observations show that precipitation from similar polluted clouds over oceans is much less affected, because large sea salt nuclei override the precipitation suppression effect of the large number of small pollution nuclei. Raindrops initiated by the sea salt grow by collecting small cloud droplets that form on the pollution particles, thereby cleansing the air. Therefore, sea salt helps cleanse the atmosphere of the air pollution via cloud processes. This implies that over oceans, the climatic aerosol indirect effects are significantly smaller than current estimates.