Lime and phosphorus interactions on growth and nutrient uptake by upland rice,wheat, common bean,and corn in an Oxisol

Liming and phosphorus (P) applications are common practices for improving crop production in acid soils of the tropical as well as temperate regions. Four greenhouse experiments were conducted on an Oxisol (clayey, kaolinitic, isothermic, Typic Haplustox) to evaluate response of liming (0,2, and 4 g/kg) and P application (0, 50, and 175 mg P/kg) in a factorial combination on growth and nutrient uptake by upland rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and corn (Zea mays L.). Phosphorus application significantly (P<0.01) increased dry weight of tops of all the four crop species as well as dry weight of roots of wheat and corn. Liming significantly (P<0.01) improved growth of common bean and corn but had significant negative effects on rice growth. Maximum dry weight of tops of rice and wheat was obtained at 175 mg P/kg without lime. Maximum dry weight of tops in common bean was obtained at 4 g lime/kg with 175 mg P/kg of soil. In all the crops, increasing levels of applied P significantly increased nutrient uptake. With some exceptions, increasing levels of lime tend to reduce uptake of P, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) and increase the uptake of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in all the crop species. Decrease in potassium (K) uptake, due to high lime, is probably due to antagonistic effects of Ca and Mg and reduced micronutrients uptake is probably due to increased soil pH resulting in decreased availability of these elements to plants. Therefore, in these types of acid soils, one should avoid over liming.     

Influence of soil pH and application of zinc on the yield and uptake of selected nutrient elements by rice

Abstract

Rice grown on a recently water‐leveled Crowley silt loam that contained less than 1.8 μg g^‐1 of 0.1 N HCl‐extractable Zn with pH levels ranging from 6.8 to 7.7, responded to Zn application. Each kg ha of applied Zn as Zn chelate, 14.2 % Zn, resulted in increases of +673, +477, and +2026 kg rice ha^‐1 at pH 6.8, 7.3, and 7.7, respectively. There was a critically low concentration of Zn in rice plants at the midtillering, first joint, and panicle differentiation stages of plant development when no Zn was applied. A yield response to applied Zn was obtained when the concentration of Zn in rice tissue was less than 15 μg g^‐1.

Application of Zn resulted in a significant increase in the uptake of N by rice plants at each of the three stages of plant development. Application of Zn also resulted in relatively large and significant increases in the uptake of Zn from the soil irrespective of soil pH. The uptake of Zn by rice plants at each of the growth stages showed a two‐ to three‐fold increase following Zn application when soil pH was 6.8 and 7.3. Also, the uptake of Zn by rice plants following Zn application showed a four‐fold increase at midtillering, a five‐fold increase at first joint, and a six‐fold increase at panicle differentiation, respectively, when soil pH was 7.7.     

Effects of aluminum on nutrient solution pH and nitrate/ammonium uptake by triticale

Aluminum (Al) plant tolerance has been frequently associated with a pH increase in the rhizosphere. The changes in pH are dependent on plant genotypes and ionic composition and strength of nutrient solutions. This work was performed in order to study in triticale (Triticosecale Wittm.) the association of pH change with nitrogen (N) uptake and growth performance in acid conditions. Three‐day‐old seedlings were treated with Al (185 μM) in solutions having different proportion nitrate/ammonium (NO₃/NH₄), 15/1 and 8/1, but the same total N content. Along the period with Al treatment, several measurements have been made: pH, every day; NO₃ and NH₄ uptake from the solution as well as shoot and root biomass production every two days (five and seven days of plant age). The maximum growth inhibition (30%) of fresh weight was found in roots of plants in the 15/1 (NO/NH,) nutrient solution. The presence of a higher proportion of NH₄ (8/1 solution) had a protective effect on Al damage as shown by less growth inhibition and less reduction in NO₃ uptake. Changes in pH apparently were not relevant for the tolerance. The results suggest that NH₄ fertilization may be useful for alleviating Al toxicity in triticale.     

杂卤石对玉米生长及养分吸收的影响研究

对杂卤石作为钾肥在玉米上施用的效果进行分析,以期为杂卤石应用于农业生产提供理论依据。通过盆栽试验研究了杂卤石对玉米生长及养分吸收的影响。各杂卤石处理分别较空白对照增产31. 54%～63. 14%,千粒重分别提高23. 80%～47. 15%,且差异均达显著水平。杂卤石处理的玉米产量分别较氯化钾、硫酸钾及硫酸钾镁处理提高22. 17%～29. 51%,千粒重分别提高7. 67%～12. 92%,差异均达显著水平。杂卤石能改善玉米对钾的吸收,各杂卤石处理玉米植株钾含量分别较空白对照增加21. 79%～93. 50%。适量施用杂卤石能促进玉米对钙的吸收,杂卤石用量为100 kg/hm~2的处理玉米植株钙含量较空白对照增加52. 7%,且杂卤石处理的玉米植株钙含量较3种传统钾肥处理提高了30. 59%～50. 37%。杂卤石能促进玉米对硫的吸收,各杂卤石处理玉米植株硫含量分别较空白对照增加了4. 43%～52. 22%。杂卤石用量与玉米植株钾、钙、硫含量及玉米产量均呈显著正相关关系,同时在杂卤石处理中玉米植株钾含量及钙含量与玉米产量均呈显著正相关关系。杂卤石能够提高玉米产量,促进玉米对钾及钙的吸收。     

Dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake patterns of onion seed crop

Abstract

Dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake patterns of crops must be determined to optimize fertilizer scheduling. This study assesses the dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake patterns of onion seed crop. Plant samples were collected between 0 and 120?days after planting, and their nutrient content was analyzed to determine the dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake patterns. The quantity and period of nutrient uptake and the mobility of nutrients within the plant parts varied for different nutrients. The absorption of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) was the highest during vegetative stage, whereas phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) uptake was the highest during flower initiation stage. N, P, K, and S, which had accumulated in the vegetative parts, moved from the senesced vegetative parts to the inflorescence during the reproductive stages owing to their high mobility in the phloem. The onion plants continued to absorb zinc, copper, manganese, and iron throughout their growth owing to the immobility of these elements in plant system. The result of this study may facilitate efficient scheduling of fertilizer application to increase nutrient uptake and yield.     

Nitrogen fixation,biomass production,and nutrient uptake by annual Sesbania species in an alkaline soil

Summary In three field trials conducted during the summer season of 1986, 1987 and 1989 in an alkaline soil, 17 accessions of annual Sesbania spp. were evaluated for nodulation, N₂ fixation (acetylene reduction assay), dry weight of roots and shoots, woody biomass production, and nutrient uptake. At 50 days after sowing all the accessions were effectively nodulated (average 36.4 root nodules plant^-1) with a high nodule score (3.4). There was a lot of variation in nodule volume and mass and in acetylene reduction activity but not in N content (5.2%). N uptake in shoots, roots and nodules averaged 639, 31, and 13 mg plant^-1, respectively, and much of the fixed N remained in shoots. Accessions of S. cannabina complex performed better than others. S. rostrata had poor root nodulation but exhibited excellent stem nodulation (300 nodules plant^-1) even though not inoculated with Azorhizobium sp. Average concentrations of N, P, K, S, Ca, and Mg in the shoots were high, at 3.2, 0.28, 1.5, 0.28, 1.5, and 0.4% respectively, and Na was low (0.15%), reflecting the usefulness of Sesbania spp. as an integrated biofertilizer source. Green matter production was 26.0 Mg ha^-1 (5.9 Mg dry matter) and N uptake was 158 kg ha^-1, 54 days after sowing. Average woody biomass of six accessions at maturity, 200 days after sowing, was high (19.9 Mg ha^-1), showing its potential for shortterm firewood production. Total nutrient uptake for production of woody biomass (200 days of growth) was no more demanding than growing the plant to the green-manuring stage of 50–60 days' growth.     

Influence of Sugarcane Cropping on the Quality of an Oxisol and an Inceptisol in Mauritius

Productive capacity of Mauritius soils could be declining with sugarcane monoculture. Effects of short- and long-term sugarcane cropping on quality of an Oxisol and an Inceptisol were assessed to a depth of 50 cm. In the short term (<25 years), cropping led to less organic matter and topsoil microbial biomass (0 to 15 cm), probably through increased microbial breakdown of organic matter (OM) and downward movement by tillage. The pH of both soils and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the Oxisol increased following application of lime, fertilizers, and organic amendments. Physical properties were also affected. Aggregate stability decreased and topsoil was compacted, whereas plant-available water and permeability improved. In the long-term (>50 years), OM and microbial biomass increased with inputs of crop residues, whereas exchangeable base levels improved in the Inceptisol with organic amendments. Physical properties did not change much in the long term, even if some improvement was noted in structural and hydraulic properties.     

Effect of dicyandiamide on growth and nutrient uptake of cotton

Abstract

The nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) offers potential for improving efficiency of N applications to cotton grown on sandy soils of the southeastern Coastal Plain. Research has indicated that cotton is sensitive to DCD. The purpose of this greenhouse experiment was to investigate the effect of DCD on growth and nutrient uptake of DPL 90 cotton grown for 73 days in pots containing a typical Coastal Plain soil (Norfolk sandy loam, Typic Paleudult). Nitrogen (50 mg kg^‐1) as NaNO₃ or urea, and DCD (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg kg^‐1) were applied to the soil at first true leaf and plants were harvested 58 days later. Sodium nitrate increased leaf dry weight and total dry weight of plants 9.1 and 6.0%, respectively, over urea fertilized plants. Leaf area, dryweight, and stem dry weight were reduced linearly with DCD. Fertilization with urea increased concentrations of leaf P, K, and Mn and reduced the concentration of Mg in leaf tissue. Dicyandiamide increased leaf N, P, and K concentrations but reduced concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Mn. Uptake rates (μg^‐1 g^‐1 fresh root day^‐1) of Ca and Mg were increased 7.5 and 13.7%, respectively, with NaNO₃ vs. urea, while P uptake rate was 15.5% greater for urea‐fertilized plants vs. NaNO₃‐fertilized plants. Dicyandiamide reduced Ca and Mg uptake rates. Phosphorus uptake rates were increased by DCD when urea was the N source. The effects of DCD on cotton growth and nutrient uptake generally resulted from the compound itself and were not an indirect result of nitrification inhibition. Although significant reductions in plant growth did not occur unless DCD exceeded that normally applied with recommended N rates on this soil, these results suggest a need for caution when applying DCD to cotton grown on sandy soils.     

Poinsettia growth,tissue nutrient concentration,and nutrient uptake as influenced by nitrogen form and stage of growth

Growth, development, and uptake of essential nutrients as influenced by nitrogen (N) form and growth stage was evaluated for ‘Freedom’ poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotz.). Treatments consisted of five nitrate (NH₄ ⁺):ammonium (NO₃ ^‐) ratios (% NH₄ ⁺:% NO₃ ^‐) of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 with a total N concentration of 150 mg L^‐1. Plants were grown in solution culture for ten weeks under greenhouse conditions. Nutrient uptake data was combined into three physiological growth stages. Growth stage I (GSI) included early vegetative growth (long days). Growth stage II (GSII) began at floral induction and leaf and bract expansion (short days). Growth stage III (GSIII) was from visible bud through anthesis and harvest. Dry weights for all plant parts and height increased as the ratio of NO₃ ^‐ increased. Leaf area and bract area were maximized with 25:75 and 50:50 N treatments, respectively. Nitrogen treatments significantly affected foliar nutrient concentrations with calcium (Ca⁺⁺) and magnesium (Mg⁺⁺) being highest when NO₃ ^‐ was the predominant N form. Uptake of each macronutrient was averaged across all treatments and divided into physiological growth stages (GS) to identify peak demand periods during the growth cycle. The greatest uptake of NH₄ ⁺ and NO₃ ^‐ was from the early vegetative stage to floral induction (GSI). Phosphorus (P), potassium (K⁺), and Mg⁺⁺ uptake were greatest from floral induction to visible bud (GSII) and Ca⁺⁺ uptake remained relatively unchanged through GSI and GSII. Uptake was lowest for all nutrients from visible bud to anthesis (GSIII). Results from this study clearly indicate that peak demand periods for macronutrient uptake existed during the growth cycle of poinsettia.     

Influence of boron fertilization on cauliflower productivity,nutrient uptake and soil nutrient status in an acid Alfisol in Northwestern Himalaya

ABSTRACT

Modern agriculture over the years has resulted in depletion of boron (B) from soil which has been emerged as a serious obstacle for sustainable agriculture. We studied the availability of B in soil and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) productivity under different levels of B fertilization. A field experiment was conducted during 2013–2014 and 2014–2015, at experimental farm of Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur on silt-clay loam soil (acid Alfisol) under mid hill wet temperate condition. Different levels of B for the study included 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 30 kg B ha^?1 along with recommended dose (RD) of NPK and farmyard manure (FYM, 20 t ha^?1). The application of B influenced biological yield significantly up to 5 kg ha^?1. Highest curd yield in 2013–2014 (11.03 t ha^?1) and 2014–2015 (12.93 t ha^?1) was recorded in 1.5 and 0.75 kg ha^?1 B along with NPK + FYM, respectively. At higher rates of boron i.e. 10, 20 and 30 kg ha^?1, due to toxic effects, a reduction in curd yield was recorded in both years. Maximum mean uptake of N, P and K by leaves and curd was recorded with the application of boron at 1.5 kg ha^?1, whereas mean B uptake was highest when boron was applied at 2.5 kg ha^?1. The highest mean value (1.79 mg kg^?1) of soil available boron was recorded with 30 kg B ha^?1. Application of boron at 2.4 kg ha^?1 was worked out as optimum dose for cauliflower.     

Effects of Fe compounds on nutrient uptake by plants grown in sand media with different pH

The effect of soil and foliar application of different iron (Fe) compounds (FeSO₄, Fe‐EDTA, Fe‐EDDS, and Fe‐EDDHA) on nutrient concentrations in lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. Australian gelber) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Prego) was investigated in a greenhouse pot experiment using quartz sand as growth medium. Soil application was performed in both the acidic and alkaline pH range, and foliar application to plants grown in the alkaline sand only. Lettuce growth was depressed by Fe deficiency in the alkaline sand, whereas the treatments had no effect on ryegrass growth. Soil‐applied Fe compounds raised the Fe concentrations in lettuce. This was especially true for the Fe chelates, which also increased yields. Soil‐applied Fe compounds had no statistically significant effect on Fe concentrations in ryegrass. Concentrations of manganese (Mn) in lettuce were equally decreased by all soil‐applied chelates. In the alkaline sand, soil application of Fe‐EDDHA elevated copper (Cu) and depressed zinc (Zn) concentrations in lettuce. The chelates increased Zn concentration in ryegrass. Foliar application of Fe‐EDDS increased Fe concentrations in lettuce and in ryegrass most. Fe‐EDDHA depressed Mn and Zn concentrations in lettuce more than other Fe compounds, suggesting the existence of another mechanism, in addition to Fe, that transmits a corresponding signal from shoot to roots with an impact on uptake of micronutrients.     

不同氮肥对油菜生长和养分吸收的影响

利用盆栽试验研究了潮土中不同氮肥对油菜生长和N、P、K、Ca、Mg等养分吸收的影响,结果表明:不同氮肥对油菜生长和养分吸收的影响以生长初期(5周时)差异最显著。生长初期,除硝酸钙外,不同氮肥均显著抑制油菜的生长,氯化铵>硫酸铵、尿素>硝酸铵;对N、K、Ca、Mg的吸收,氯化铵、硫酸铵和尿素表现显著的抑制作用,且氯化铵和尿素有大于硫酸铵的趋势,而硝酸钙表现显著的促进作用,硝酸铵大多情况下作用不明显;对P的吸收,各氮肥均表现显著的抑制作用,且氯化铵>尿素>硫酸铵、硝酸铵和硝酸钙。但随着时间推移,各氮肥最终均显著促进油菜生长和养分吸收,且不同氮肥的差异也逐渐减小。     

不同氮肥管理对吉林春玉米生长发育和养分吸收的影响

针对吉林春玉米氮肥施用中存在氮肥用量偏大,且具盲目性的现状,采用田间试验研究农民习惯施氮量和推荐施氮量下氮肥不同施用方式对春玉米干物质积累、子粒产量、氮素吸收和利用效率的影响。结果表明,推荐施氮量下,苗期和灌浆期春玉米干物质积累量显著高于习惯施肥,有机无机配合提高了春玉米干物质积累速率。施氮处理与不施氮相比均显著增加玉米子粒产量,增产11.2%～16.8%; 推荐施氮量下玉米子粒产量与习惯施氮量相当,但显著提高氮素的偏因子生产力和农学效率。在氮磷钾用量一致的基础上,用30%有机肥氮替代化肥氮与100%化肥氮处理的产量相当,对氮素利用效率也没有影响,并降低收获期土壤无机氮含量。说明合理施用氮肥不但能够维持玉米产量,还可减少氮肥投入,提高氮肥利用效率;有机肥部分替代化肥氮是吉林春玉米氮素管理的有效途径之一。     

硅肥对小麦养分吸收与光合物质生产的影响

采用盆栽与大田试验相结合的方法研究了硅肥对小麦养分吸收与光合物质生产的影响。结果表明 ,在高产麦田增施硅肥可以促进小麦对氮、磷、钾、硅的吸收 ;提高旗叶的光合速率 ,促进干物质的积累及向籽粒的分配 ;穗粒数和千粒重显著提高 ,产量显著增加。高产麦田适宜的施硅量为每公顷 15 0 kg(Si O2 )左右     

Interrelationships between growth and nutrient uptake in alfalfa and corn

Nutrient requirements o£ plants during their various phases of growth are affected by several internal and external factors. The changes in rate of uptake by root with age are an important factor to meet the increasing plant demand for nutrients. Nutrient culture experiments were carried out under controlled greenhouse conditions with corn (Zea Mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to investigate the relationship of stage of growth to changes in plant parameters and nutrient uptake properties. With advancement of age. both plant species increased their ambient growth medium pH towards neutrality. With increasing age in alfalfa there was very little change in observed S:R ratio and root growth rate. On the other hand in corn plants the S:R ratio increased and growth rate for root and shoot decreased with age. Alfalfa contained higher concentrations of N, K, Na, and Ca than corn; while ion concentrations in both crops decreased with plant age. At all stages of growth, alfalfa absorbed less nutrients than corn. The rates of nutrient influx, I_n in both the crops showed various degrees of correlation with age and rate of shoot growth. In corn. I_n for ions reached a maximum at 25 days growth; whereas, in alfalfa, I_n reached maximum at 30 days of growth. The differences in influx rates for different ions in the two species are probably due to the difference in development of shoot and root parameters and shoot demand for the ions.     

Effects of copper rates and soil ph on growth and nutrient uptake by citrus seedlings

Abstract

Soil properties, primarily pH and organic matter, influence phytotoxicity of copper (Cu). A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of copper additions (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg^?1) to three different soils [Myakka fine sand (pH 5.7), Candler fine sand (pH 6.5), and Oldsmar fine sand (pH 8.2)] on growth, and uptake of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and copper (Cu) by Swingle Citrumelo (SC) seedlings. In unamended soils, the seedling growth was similar in the Myakka and Candler fine sands (pH 5.7 to 6.5), but was significantly greater in the Oldsmar fine sand (pH 8.2). Increasing the rate of Cu from 0 to 400 mg kg^?1 decreased the soil pH by 0.98 unit in the Candler fine sand, by 1.57 pH unit in the Myakka fine sand, and negligible effects on the pH of the Oldsmar fine sand. The growth of SC seedlings decreased significantly with an increase in Cu rates in the Myakka and Candler fine sands, but not in the Oldsmar fine sand. The Cu concentration in the leaves and roots increased substantially with an increase in the Cu rate applied to the Candler and Myakka fine sands while the effect was marginal in the Oldsmar fine sand. The above effect was more pronounced on the Cu concentration in the roots than in the leaves. Increased rate of Cu application decreased the uptake of P, Mg, Ca, and K in the roots and leaves of the seedlings grown in the Myakka and Candler fine sands but not in the Oldsmar fine sand.     

The growth pattern and nutrient uptake of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) on an oxisol

Abstract

The growth pattern and element uptake during early years of production of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) was studied using various ages of trees growing at Serdang, Malaysia. Growth was rapid until the seventh year when the dry matter production was nearly at its maximum. The proportion of underground to above ground materials decreases as the tree ages and in a seven‐year old tree, 30% is roots and 70% tops. The elements (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) stored in the vegetative parts increases with the age of the tree in a similar manner to that of the total dry matter. However, the amount of elements stored in a seven‐year old tree exceeds that which, was applied as fertilizers suggesting that the once‐jungle tree obtains additional elements from the soil. The element removed in fruits during the first two years of production was low. In general, the growth and early production of durian on an Oxisol, using the agronomic practices adopted at Serdang, are satisfactory.     

Soil fertility effects on growth and nutrient uptake of rhizoma peanut

Expansion of forage production acreage for rhizoma peanut (RP ‐ Arachis glabrata Benth.), a persistent perennial, warm‐season forage legume adapted to the Gulf Coast region of the southeastern United States, is limited primarily by establishment rate, often taking up to three years. The objective was to determine the effects of two divergent soil environments on the dry matter production and nutrient uptake of RP in the first year following establishment. Five Arachis genotypes, ‘Arbrook’, ‘Florigraze’, and experimental lines 423, 575, and 616, were established during March 1995 at Clinton and Olive Branch, LA. Soils were a Dexter silt loam (Ultic Hapludalf) and a Loring silt loam (Typic Fragiudalf, fine‐silty, mixed, thermic) with mean pH values of 6.8 and 4.7, respectively. Soils also differed for extractable potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), aluminum (Al), sulfur (S), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and organic matter (OM). Tissue samples were taken at three week intervals in 1996 and yield and quality were evaluated at six week intervals. Locations differed significantly for dry matter production, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and in vitro true digestibility (IVTD). Entries also differed within locations for yield, CP, NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and IVTD. Tissue nitrogen (N), K, Ca, S, Mn, boron (B), and zinc (Zn) were significantly different between locations, but phosphorous (P), magnesium (Mg), Fe, Cu, and Al were not different. Yield and forage quality were both inversely correlated with pH and, with the exception of N, none of the other nutrients were low enough to account for the differences observed in growth between the two locations.     

Effect of pH on growth and uptake of copper by Swingle citrumelo seedlings 1

Copper (Cu) phytotoxicity is closely related to pH and Cu activity in solution. The effect of pH on growth and uptake of Cu by Swingle citrumelo rootstock seedlings were investigated in solution culture with varying Cu activities. Copper activities of either 0.05, 0.5, 5, and 10 μM at pH 5 and 6 were maintained by adding copper sulfate (CuSO₄) to the hydroponic solution based on the calculation by GEOCHEM computer program. After 42 days, root and shoot growth decreased significantly in solutions where Cu activities were greater than 0.5 μM. The concentration of Cu in roots are greater and the dry weights of roots and shoots were less in solutions at pH 6 than those at pH 5. A 200‐fold increase in Cu activity in solution resulted in a corresponding increase in concentration of Cu in the root but not in the shoot.     

K和Al对水稻生长和养分吸收的影响

The effects of K and Al in K-deficient and complete nutrient solutions on the growth and nutrient uptake of rice were studied in the work.The effect of Al on the growth of roots and above-ground part of rice was associated with the concentration of Al in solution .A low level(0.1 mmol L^-1) of Al promtoed but a high level(1 mmol L^-1)of Al inhibited the growth of both the root and the aerial part of rice,and the magnitude of K concentration in the nutrient solution also had an appreciable impact on this,Thus ,in the low-Al solution,the plant treated with K2(80 mg K L^-1)produced much longer roots,showing the presence of interaction between Al and K; in the high-Al solution the K-reated plant had more and longe roots and a considerably greater dry weigh of the above-ground part compared with the plant deficient in K, showing the alleviating effect of K^ on Al toxicity.The mechanism of the Al-K interaction affecting the rice aerial part growth is not yet known,but part of the reason might be that the excessive amount of Al inhibited the uptake of some nutrients such as Ca and Mg and reduced their transfer to the plant aerial organs,whereas K showed its compensating effect on this;therefore,K could relieve Al toxicity at a high level of Al and promoted rice growth at a low level of Al.