植物生长延缓剂提高作物抗逆性研究进展

逆境胁迫严重制约着作物的生长,植物生长延缓剂可以缓解逆境对作物生长造成的不良影响.分析了植物生长延缓剂对提高作物抗倒伏及作物在水分、温度、盐碱胁迫下抗逆性的作用,并指出对于不同的作物应当通过试验选择适宜的植物生长延缓剂种类和浓度.     

生长延缓剂对忍冬枝条生长和花蕾产量与品质的影响

为了研究能否用抑制枝叶生长的方法提高花类药材的产量和品质,用不同浓度的3种植物生长延缓剂（矮壮素,缩节胺,烯效唑）,在花前和开花初对忍冬植株进行喷施。结果表明:适宜浓度的生长延缓剂可以明显抑制忍冬枝条的生长而不影响花蕾的生长,还可以通过增强花芽分化,提高花蕾数量而提高加产量;其中以100和200 mg/L的缩节胺增产效果最佳,花蕾产量增幅达45%以上;150～200 mg/L的烯效唑也有较显著的效果;不同浓度的缩节胺处理可使花蕾中绿原酸和总黄酮含量增加,二者增幅最高可达14.3%和27.5%;其它两种延缓剂处理不能明显提高金银花品质。综合来看,100～150 mg/L的缩节胺对金银花的产量和品质提高效果最佳,说明通过适宜的处理控制忍冬枝条的生长以提高花蕾产量和质量是可行的。     

植物生长延缓剂对万寿菊穴盘苗生长的控制作用研究

试验研究不同浓度的植物生长延缓剂比久(B9)、矮壮素(CCC)和多效唑(PP333)溶液对万寿菊穴盘苗生长的控制作用结果表明,B9、CCC及PP333处理万寿菊穴盘苗的最佳浓度分别为2500mg/kg、0.3%和60mg/kg,适宜浓度分别为1000~2500mg/kg、0.1%~0.3%、10~60mg/kg。3种延缓剂最佳浓度处理对万寿菊穴盘苗生长的控制作用60mg/kg PP333处理>0.3?C处理>2500mg/kg B9处理,且60mg/kg PP333处理成本最低。当CCC处理浓度>1.0%时万寿菊穴盘苗出现药害现象。     

紫外辐射增加对作物种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

研究了ＵＶ－Ｂ紫外辐射增加对作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,试验结果表明：ＵＶ－Ｂ增加能显著延缓种子发芽进程和幼苗生长,不同作物对ＵＶ－Ｂ增加的敏感程度不同,作物幼苗在三叶期前地上部与地下部对ＵＶ－Ｂ增加的敏感程度相近。     

干旱胁迫对6种优势草本植物生长的影响

以南方红壤区6种草本植物：白三叶、狗牙根、假俭草、刺芒野古草、鹧鸪草、宽叶雀稗为材料进行干旱胁迫试验,对比分析不同水分处理环境下6种植物之间苗高、地上生物量、地下生物量、根冠比的差异。研究表明：1)供试植物苗高生长量总体上呈现对照>复水>保水剂>干旱,干旱胁迫下假俭草、狗牙根、刺芒野古草、鹧鸪草、宽叶雀稗苗木生长表现良好;2)地上生物量随土壤含水率下降而下降,干旱胁迫下刺芒野古草和鹧鸪草地上生物量干质量最高,而鲜质量较低;3)供试植物地下生物量以对照>复水>保水剂>干旱,干旱胁迫下狗牙根、假俭草、刺芒野古草地下生物量较高;4)假俭草在干旱条件下根冠比大于1,具有很好的耐旱能力。干旱胁迫环境下,假俭草、刺芒野古草、鹧鸪草、宽叶雀稗、狗牙根等优势草本可以增加根系物质的输入,使得地下/地上生物量比率提高,具有较强的抗旱适应能力,可作为南方红壤区植被恢复的先锋草本植物。     

纳米TiO2对油菜种子发芽与幼苗生长的影响

通过纸床培养,研究在不同浸种时间下,不同浓度的10nmTiO2悬浮液对油菜种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：浸泡时间为2h的各指标表现最显著,最适合作为纳米TiO2对油菜种子发芽和幼苗生长影响的浸种时间。浸种2h纳米TiO2的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数抑制率与纳米TiO2浓度呈显著正相关,与浓度的对数作线性回归得出,IC20分别为1907、619．0、1039mg·L-1;总长、芽长、根长、总重、芽重、根重的激活率与纳米TiO2的浓度呈显著正相关,通过线性回归方程得出总长、芽长、根长、总重、根重的EC20分别为99．77、404．5、55．46、6918、2187mg·L-1。对各指标影响的敏感性大小为：发芽率〉发芽指数〉发芽势,根长〉芽长。因此,油菜发芽率与根长可以作为评价纳米TiO2生态毒性效应的较敏感指标。     

三种植物生长调节剂对降香黄檀种子发芽的影响

采用三种植物生长调节剂GA3、IBA和6-BA不同浓度按正交设计方法,搭配处理组合,对降香黄檀种子进行处理,通过对种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数指标的测定,研究不同浓度的植物生长调节剂对珍贵用材树种降香黄檀种子萌发的影响。结果表明：3种植物生长调节剂浸种对降香黄檀种子萌发以6-BA的促进效果较好,GA3次之,而IBA对降香黄檀种子的发芽促进作用不明显,以处理组合6-BA50mg/L6h为最优,显著提高种子的萌发率。     

高速公路边坡绿化攀援植物的选择与配置

攀援植物是进行垂直绿化的主要植物材料。文章介绍了高速公路边坡垂直绿化攀援植物的选择与配置。     

高速公路边坡绿化攀援植物的选择与配置

攀援植物是进行垂直绿化的主要植物材料.文章介绍了高速公路边坡垂直绿化攀援植物的选择与配置.     

108国道门头沟段微立地植物分布特征及边坡绿化植物的选择与配置

为使边坡绿化工程能够形成与周围自然环境协调且稳定的植物群落,采用样地法对108国道门头沟段边坡微立地自然恢复植物分布进行调查,通过分析,筛选出与边坡环境类似条件下生长良好的植物12种,并提出2种植物配置模式,为同类型区边坡绿化的植物选择提供参考.     

不同浸种方法对北京工程边坡喷播常用灌木种子发芽的影响

为促进北京工程边坡喷播常用的灌木种子发芽,提高灌木种子相对草本的竞争力,尝试采用植物生长促进剂浸种、热水浸种等生产上常用的浸种方法,确定最佳浸种时长、最佳热水浸种初始温度及最优植物生长促进剂种类和浓度等,促进灌木种子发芽成活.结果表明:1)在植物生长促进剂浸种的情况下,最佳浸种时长为12h;2)对3种灌木种子发芽均有促进作用的低浓度促进剂为赤霉素100 mg/L和萘乙酸10-8 mg/L,发芽势综合约在30％;3)适宜紫穗槐、胡枝子发芽的热水浸种初始温度,分别在60 ～ 70和60 ～ 80℃,热水浸泡对荆条发芽有抑制作用.综合3个试验,发现针对具有硬实性质的种子,可先用初始温度为60 ～ 70℃的热水浸种2h,后用赤霉素100 mg/L或萘乙酸10-8 mg/L溶液浸种10h的方法,促进灌木种子发芽;对非硬实性质的种子,直接用赤霉素100 mg/L或萘乙酸10-8 mg/L溶液浸种12h.综合试验结果可用于生产,具有一定的创新性和可行性.     

Effects of phenolic acids on seed germination and seedling growth in soil

Summary It is commonly assumed that the adverse effect of plant residues on crop yields is largely or partly due to phytotoxic compounds leached from these residues or produced by their decomposition. There has been substantial support for the hypothesis that the phytotoxic compounds responsible for reduced crop yields are phenolic acids such as p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and ferulic acid. To test the validity of this hypothesis, we studied the effects of nine phenolic acids (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, and vanillic acid) on (1) seed germination of corn (Zea mays L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oats (Avena sativa L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on germination paper and soil, (2) seedling growth of alfalfa, oats, sorghum, and wheat on germination paper and soil, and (3) early plant growth of corn, barley, oats, rye, sorghum, and wheat in soil. The results showed that although the phenolic acids tested affected germination and seedling growth on germination paper, they had no effect on seed germination, seedling growth, or early plant growth in soil even when the amounts applied were much greater than the amounts detected in soil. We conclude that the adverse effect of plant residues on crop yields is not due to phenolic acids derived from these residues.     

Effects of nitrification inhibitors on germination of various seeds in soil

Summary The effects of 19 nitrificiation inhibitors on germination of seeds in soil were investigated. The nitrification inhibitors tested were sodium azide, potassium azide, potassium ethyl xanthate, nitrapyrin (N-Serve), etridiazole (Dwell), 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (MT), 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine (AM), 2,4-diamino-6-trichloromethyl-s-triazine, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATC), sodium thiocarbonate (STC), guanylthiourea (ASU), thiourea (TU), dicyandiamide (DCD), sulfathiazole (STC), phenylacetylene, 2-ethynyl-pyridine, 3-methylpyrazole-l-carboxamide (MPC), and ammonium thiosulfate (ATS). Germination tests were performed with seeds of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], oats (Avena sativa L.), and corn (Zea mays). Only 2 of the 19 nitrification inhibitors studied (potassium azide and sodium azide) reduced germination of the seeds tested when applied at the rate of 12.5 g g^–1. The other inhibitors studied had no effect on the germination of wheat, alfalfa, barley, corn, oat, rye, or sorghum seeds when they were applied at the rate of 125 g g^–1 soil, and most of them had no effect on seed germination when applied at the rate of 625 g g^–1 soil.     

Effects of water magnetic treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat

In this research, effects of magnetic field strength (400, 500 and 600?mT) and type of water (distilled and saline water) was studied on germination and growth characteristic of wheat seeds. Results showed that the magnetic field intensity and type of treated water had significant effects on germination and growth characteristic of wheat seeds. The morphological properties of treated plants were improved compared with controlled ones. Experimental results showed that germination rate of the seeds treated by 400?mT using distilled water had the highest amount (53.3%) and it was the lowest (20%) for control seeds using groundwater. Distilled water affected in 400?mT field and control groundwater resulted in the highest and lowest amounts of root length (155.3 and 20.0?mm, respectively). Seedling fresh weight had the highest amount for treated distilled water with 600?mT magnetic field.     

大气压等离子体处理对黄瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

利用自制大气压等离子体装置对黄瓜种子进行处理,研究了不同电压的大气压等离子体处理对黄瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。试验结果表明：在5610～7310 V电压范围内,等离子体处理对种子的影响较明显,与对照相比其发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数及活力指数显著提高,增幅分别为8.22%～52.94%、2.21%～9.55%、5.37%～35.32%、4.72%～104.72%,种子α-淀粉酶活性提高,电导率降低。同时等离子体处理也提高了幼苗的出苗速度,幼苗株高、茎粗、地上部鲜(干)质量、地下部鲜(干)质量、根体积也有不同程度的增加。幼苗的根活力、叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶活性分别比对照提高15.96%～34.37%、4.09%～27.04%、4.24%～16.58%。从本试验研究结果看,6290 V和6630 V电压处理效果较佳。     

外源NO对不同作物种子萌发、幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

以浓度分别为0、0.01、0.1、1.0 mmol/L的硝普钠（Sodium nitroprusside, SNP; NO供体）处理玉米、小麦、花生、小白菜、萝卜、黄瓜的种子和幼苗,研究了以上几种浓度的SNP对作物种子萌发和幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:SNP对多数种子萌发影响表现为低浓度（0.01 mmol/L和0.1 mmol/L）促进,高浓度（1.0 mmol/L）抑制,其中对萝卜发芽率的促进作用最显著;低浓度SNP可有效促进植物幼苗地上部的生长,其中对小麦、黄瓜的促进效果最显著,同时可显著促进根系的伸长,其中对萝卜的促进效果最显著,且对植物幼苗生长的影响与作物种类有关;SNP对多数植物的根系活力有明显的促进作用,其中对萝卜的促进效果最显著;适宜浓度的SNP可以提高作物CAT、POD和SOD活性以及可溶性蛋白含量,并降低MDA含量,不同作物SNP的适宜浓度不同,其中0.1 mmol/L SNP对多数作物处理效果最好。     

Germination,growth and starch breakdown in Cl3 Fe pretreated pea and barley seeds

Pea and barley seeds were soaked for 3 hours in Cl₃Fe solutions of 0, 50, 500, 2500 and 5000 ppm of iron. The influence of this pretreatment on germination, seedlings growth and starch breakdown was subsequently determined. These results were related to the capacity of iron accumulation in seeds and it subsequent transport to the seedlings.     

植物生长调节剂对烟草生长及营养代谢的调节作用

在烟草栽培中利用植物生长调节剂的调节作用来改善烟叶品质已引起广泛的关注，本文介绍了这方面的研究概况。主要从生长调节剂对烟草种子萌发、根系生长、钾素营养、烟碱合成、腋芽抑制等的调节作用方面进行阐述。指出通过生长调节剂的调节作用来协调烟株生长发育、物质代谢平衡等是进一步提高烟叶质量的有效途径。     

模拟气候变化对2针叶树种种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

气候变化影响林木早期生长,设置温度和水分的双因素三水平控制实验,研究山西气候变化对关帝山林区2种针叶树种种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响作用.结果表明,增温2℃和降水量增加20％利于这2树种种子出苗:出苗稳定期提前,出苗率提高;但增温6℃,降水减少20％时,种子出苗稳定期延迟,出苗率降低.气候变化对2树种的影响作用不同:华北落叶松对暖干化气候更敏感,增温或减少降水时,该种幼苗的死亡率大幅增加,苗高降低;温度和降水量变化对油松幼苗存活率和地上生长的影响作用不明显.降水量减少条件下的增温,促进华北落叶松和油松幼苗的主根和侧根伸长.发生土壤干旱时,华北落叶松和油松幼苗生长策略改变,优先满足根系生长.暖干化气候不利于华北落叶松种群的更新,生长季高温降低了幼苗适应性,即使降水量增加亦不能缓解.