用高效液相色谱法测定喹烯酮原料药及其预混剂的含量

用ＹＭＧ－Ｈ３５Ｃ１８色谱柱,以甲醇：水（８０：２０）为流动相,于紫外波长２２９ｎｍ处,采用内标法测定喹酮烯酮及其预混剂中喹烯酮的含量。测定结果,喹烯酮浓度（ｘ）与其峰高和内标物峰高之比（Ｙ）呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为ｙ＝０．０５４６ｘ－０．０００３,ｒ＝０．９９９９,喹烯酮在５￣５０μｇ／ｍＬ范围内呈良好的线性关系,在上述色谱条件下其最低检测浓度为１．２５μｇ／ｍＬ,日内与日间变异系数分别为０     

瘤胃灌注不同比例的混合VFA对肉牛血液相关代谢指标影响规律的研究

以装有瘤胃瘘管的成年肉用阉牛（体重３９０±３０ｋｇ）喂１００％羊草的基础日粮,通过瘤胃瘘管灌注４种不同摩尔比例（乙酸：丙酸：丁酸分别为７５：１５：１０,６５：２５：１０,５５：３５：１０和４５：４５：１０）的混合ＶＦＡ,按４×４拉丁方试验设计测定了灌注后血液ＣＯ２结合力、血液总酮体水平、血糖及胰岛素水平。结果如下：瘤胃灌注４种不同比例的ＶＦＡ对血液ＣＯ２结合力、血液总ＶＦＡ浓度和血液总酮体水平无显著影响（Ｐ＞００５）。瘤胃液中的丙酸比例超过１８５５％时,血液中葡萄糖和胰岛素水平显著增加（Ｐ＜００５）,血液中葡萄糖（Ｙ,ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和胰岛素（Ｙ,μｇ／Ｌ）水平分别与瘤胃液中的丙酸比例（ｍｏｌ／１００ｍｏｌ）存在线性正相关,回归方程式分别为：Ｙ＝１７１０＋００７８Ｘ（ｒ＝０９６７,ｎ＝４）;Ｙ＝７２１２＋００２０Ｘ（ｒ＝０９２２,ｎ＝４）。ＶＦＡ转化为体脂肪的效率（ｋｆ,Ｙ,％）和可消化氮转化为沉积氮的效率（ＲＮ／ＤＮ,Ｙ,％）分别与血液中葡萄糖水平（Ｘ,ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）呈线性正相关,回归方程分别为：Ｙ＝－２８４９９＋２１４４４Ｘ（ｒ＝０９６９,ｎ＝４）;Ｙ＝－１６６４１＋１４５１３     

高效液相法测定盐酸沙拉沙星制剂的含量

采用高效液相色法测定盐酸沙拉沙星制剂的含量,用Ｎａｖａ－ＰａｋＣ１８１５０＊３．９ｍｍ色谱柱,以０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ柠檬酸－０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ醋酸铵－乙腈（８０：１０：１８）为流动相,用高氯酸调ＰＨ至２．４;流速１．２ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ,检波波长２７４ｎｍ;线性范围０．２－１．２μｇ（ｒ＝０．９９９９）,平均回收率９９．７％,ＲＳＤ＝０．３％（ｎ＝７）。本方法简便,准确,适用该产品质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定中西复方制剂中环丙沙星的含量

用反相高效流体相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）测定了中西复方制剂中环丙沙星的含量,流动相为甲醇－０．００８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ西丁基溴化铵溶液（２０：８０,用８５％磷酸调节到ｐＨ３）,检测波长２８０ｎｍ,中西复方制剂中加入０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨａＯＨ溶液对环丙沙星进行提取,平均回收率在９９．９５％～１００．０５％之间,批内变异系数小于０．７０％（ｎ＝６）,批间变异系数小于１．５５％（ｎ＝５）。     

长×荣杂交猪体蛋白沉积模型及氨基酸需要量的预测

以长×荣二元杂交猪为研究对象，通过饲养试验和屠宰试验，测定了试验猪２０～３５、３５～５０、５０～８０、８０～１００ｋｇ阶段的生产性能和胴体无脂瘦肉生长指数（胴体无脂瘦肉沉积速度）。试验结果表明：试验猪全期日增重平均为７６２ｇ，平均日采食量２１５３ｇ，饲料报酬（Ｆ／Ｇ）２．７８７，各生产性能公母间差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；日增重与体重的回归方程为ＡＤＧ（ｇ／ｄ）＝２９３．０３＋１５．１ＢＷ－０．１　０３４ＢＷ２（Ｒ２＝０．９９８８）；试验猪全期胴体无脂瘦肉生长指数为２２７ｇ／ｄ；体蛋白沉积模型Ｙ（ｇ／ｄ）＝７２．２１１－１．５２７５ＢＷ＋０．０６４８ＢＷ２－０．０００５ＢＷ３（Ｒ２＝０．９５５）；真可消化赖氨酸需要模型Ｙ（ｍｇ／ｄ）＝８６６５．４１－１８３．３ＢＷ＋７．７７８８ＢＷ２－０．０６１２ＢＷ３＋３６ＢＷ０．７５，据此模型推算出２０～５０、５０～８０、８０～１００ｋｇ阶段真可消化赖氨酸需要量分别为９．６７、１３．６３和１１．６１ｇ／ｄ，总赖氨酸需要量为１１．１２、１５．７６和１３．４２ｇ／ｄ，真可消化赖氨酸按占风干日粮的百分比表示为０．６１％、０．５６％和０．４１％，总赖氨酸需要量按占风干日粮的百分     

应用ICP—AES法测定东北虎血清金属元素

用电感耦合等离子发射光谱分析（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）法对８只东北虎血清中１１种金属宏量和微量元素的含量进行了测定，８只东北虎各种元素平均含量的置信区间（μ）钠为２４２±８３（ｍｇ／ｄｌ），钾为１２８±４２（ｍｇ／Ｌ），钙为４２±１７（ｍｇ／Ｌ），铜为０．２６±０．０９（ｍｇ／Ｌ），镁为１１．１±４．２（ｍｇ／Ｌ），锌为１．７５±（ｍｇ／Ｌ），铁为１．６±０．５（ｍｇ／Ｌ），钴为１．５±０．２５（μｇ／Ｌ     

洛美沙星对实验性鸡葡萄球菌病的药效研究

为了给兽医临床推广应用国内新近研制的氟喹诺酮类长半减期药物洛美沙星（Ｌｏｍｅｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ），特别是用洛美沙星防治鸡葡萄球菌病提供依据，首先以试管２倍稀释法测定了洛美沙星及对照药对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度，然后观察了洛美沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星饮水给药５ｄ对实验性鸡葡萄球菌病的疗效。结果，洛美沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、红霉素对鸡金黄色葡萄球菌Ｃ５６０１１株的最小抑菌浓度分别为１．０、０．１２５、０．２５、１．０、３２ｍｇ／Ｌ。２５、５０、１００ｍｇ／Ｌ洛美沙星饮水给药对鸡葡萄球菌病的治愈率分别为６６．７％、８０．０％、７６．７％，有效率分别为９０．０％、９６．７％、９６．７％。５０ｍｇ／Ｌ环丙沙星、５０ｍｇ／Ｌ恩诺沙星的治愈率则分别为７６．７％、８０．０％，有效率分别为９３．３％、９６．７％。５０、１００ｍｇ／Ｌ洛美沙星及５０ｍｇ／Ｌ恩诺沙星３个饮水给药组的增重显著高于感染对照组。结果表明，洛美沙星饮水给药治疗鸡葡萄球菌病以５０ｍｇ／Ｌ的剂量为宜。     

青海省三角城种羊场绵羊体内的矿物元素检测

青海省三角城种羊场绵羊块Ｎａ，Ｓｅ，Ｐ，Ｃｕ和Ｉ。夏季泌母羊唾液Ｎａ：Ｋ＝４．４：１，粪Ｎａ浓度５１０ｍｇ／ｋｇＤＭ。多数季节血浆Ｐ２为０．８０－１．１６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，血浆Ｃｕ浓度为５．８２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｃｕ：Ｍｏ〈２：１。乳汁Ｉ一低于临界值。     

几种添加剂组合饲喂鲤鱼效果研究

将２７０尾一冬龄健康建鲤随机分成９组，选用均匀设计Ｕ８（８５），通过３０天的试验，研究基础日粮的２％添加剂成分甲基睾丸酮Ｘ１、甲状腺素Ｘ２、甜菜碱Ｘ３、柠檬酸Ｘ４的最佳组合。结果表明：添加成分与增重率呈显著回归关系：Ｙ＝７．７９１７＋０．９０６２Ｘ－０．３２Ｘ２Ｘ３＋４．３９７９×１０（－６）Ｘ３Ｘ４其拟合度Ｒ２＝０．９０６２，经格点网络筛选，最优组合为Ｘ１＝６，Ｘ２＝０．００４，Ｘ３＝４０００，Ｘ４＝３７００。其增重率为１００．３９％，该结果比试验最优方案Ⅱ的增重率高３３．１５％。方案Ⅱ与对照组比较：增重率提高４１．９８％。饵料系数降低０．７４，鱼体单位增重成本降低０．９６元／ｋｇ。     

青海湖地区绵羊Na,Se缺乏的研究分析

青海湖地区夏季放牧绵羊唾液Ｎａ：Ｋ＝３．９－５．３：１,粪Ｎａ含量５１０－６７０ｍｇ／ｋｇＤＭ。青海省河卡种羊场绵羊血浆Ｓｅ大部分季节在０．１０－０．１４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,粪Ｓｅ含量为０．０２４－０．０７６ｍｇ／ｋｇＤＭ。结果表明青海湖地区绵羊缺乏Ｎａ、Ｓｅ严重。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein