雏鸡“卷趾”麻痹症坐骨神经病变观察

１７只１日龄肉用小公鸡,饲喂低水平核黄素日粮（１．６５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,于２２－２３日龄间有２９．４％出现其型的“卷趾”麻痹症状。光镜观察,坐骨神经纤维雪旺氏细胞肿大、增生、酸性磷酶活性增强和髓鞘变性。严重病例的坐骨神经显著肿大,神经纤维分离,间质水肿和炎性细胞浸润。电镜观察,坐骨神经有髓神经纤维的髓鞘扭曲、分层、破碎、形成同心圆层状小体,神经轴膜与髓鞘分离形成间和神经轴索变形。雪旺氏细胞胞浆中见同心     

蛋小鸡瘫痪病因的初步诊断

天津某鸡场蛋小鸡发生以卧地不起、不愿走动的现象 ,强行驱赶时 ,其借助翅膀用跗关节着地爬行 ,病鸡不论行走还是休息 ,有些脚趾均向内弯 ,生长极为缓慢的临床表现为特征的疾病。病理剖检可见外周神经肿大 ,组织病理学变化为外周神经特别是坐骨神经、神经纤维脱髓鞘、雪旺氏细胞肿大、增生、神经纤维分离水肿和轴突变性等一系列日粮核黄素含量不足所引发的连锁反应。因此 ,初步将该鸡群诊断为核黄素缺乏症     

鸡马立克氏病外周神经的病理组织学研究

用光镜、电镜及特殊染色法对兰州某鸡场２０例自然发生的马立克氏病鸡进行了外周神经的病理组织学研究。结果表明,外周神经主要表现增生性和渗出性病变,前者以瘤细胞增生为主,伴以脱髓鞘和雪旺氏细胞增生;后者以浆液渗出为特征,并发生神经纤维轴索肿胀和髓鞘变化,瘤细胞浸润很少。本文首次报告了马立克氏病的内脏－皮肤－神经混合型病变,还探讨了瘤细胞增生与脱髓鞘、神经水肿之间的关系。     

阿苯达唑和奥芬达唑对猪体内囊尾蚴作用酶组织化学观察

目的　采用酶组织化学技术半定量观察阿苯达唑和奥芬达唑对猪体内囊尾蚴发育过程中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、6-磷酸葡萄糖酶(G6Pase)、黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)、脂酶(FE)活性变化的影响。方法　以用药组与不用药对照组猪体内囊尾蚴周围肌组织冰冻切片测各种酶的活性。结果　表明阿苯达唑和奥芬达唑作用后,各种酶活性均出现显著性升高,随后逐渐降低。结论　揭示药物作用后,由于虫体能量代谢障碍,导致物质分解代谢和物质转运代谢代偿性增强,随后由于代谢体系被破坏而酶活性逐渐降低。     

猪流行性腹泻的病理学研究——人工感染乳猪的空肠上皮电镜组化研究

观察了人工感染流行性腹泻病毒乳猪的空肠上皮内碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶和5′—核苷酸酶的动态学变化。结果,肠上皮内碱性磷酸酶对病毒侵袭的反应最敏感,染毒18h后,乳猪肠上皮微绒毛排列整,碱性磷酸酶反应明显降低;45h后,断裂脱落的微绒毛内可见到较弱的酶反应;染毒18h后,肠上皮内的酸性磷酸酶的活性增强。酶反应见于整个溶酶体,溶酶体数量增多、体积变大,多位于细胞的游离缘和扩张的内质网附近,此种内质网中可见到病毒。染毒45h后,肠上皮的溶酶体内可见到亚细胞碎片。染毒13～45h后,肠上皮内线粒体扩张呈不整圆形、内嵴破损,但其外膜的琥珀酸脱氢酶的反应却增强。肠上皮内5′—核苷酸酶的活性以感染18h为高。以上四种肠上皮内酶反应,在感染96h后活性均明显降低或消失。     

兔出血症病兔肝脏酶组织化学变化的研究

用组织化学染色法对感染兔出症不同病期病兔的肝脏碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、三磷酸腺苷酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶和乳酸酸脱氢酶的活性变化进行了观察。结果表明：肝脏ＡＫＰ、ＡＣＰ和ＬＤＨ活性在潜伏期至高热期增强，以后各期均减弱；ＡＴＰａｓｅ和ＳＤＨ在病程各期均明显减弱，从而推论，肝细胞的坏死与ＡＣＰ活性增强、溶酶体活跃有关，黄疸的发生与ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性减弱及肝细胞线粒体受损有关，病兔的肝脏代谢以无氧酵解为主。     

兔出血症病兔肝脏酶组织化学变化的研究

用组织化学染色法对感染兔出血症(RHD)不同病期(潜伏期、高热期、濒死期和死亡期)病兔的肝脏碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和乳酸酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性变化进行了动态观察.结果表明:肝脏AKP、ACP和LDH活性在潜伏期至高热期增强,以后各期均减弱;ATPase和SDH在病程各期均明显减弱,从而推论,肝细胞的坏死与ACP活性增强、溶酶体活跃有关,黄疸的发生与ATPase活性减弱及肝细胞线粒体受损有关;病兔的肝脏代谢以无氧酵解为主.     

实验性兔出血症病兔肝脏酶组织化学变化研究

用组织化学染色法,对实验性感染兔出血症(RHD)病毒后不同病期(潜伏期、高热期、濒死期和死亡时)病兔的肝脏碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性变化进行了动态观察。结果表明,肝脏AKP、ACP、和LDH活性在潜伏期至高热期增强,以后各期均减弱;ATPase和SDH在病程各期均明显减弱。从而推论,肝细胞的坏死与ACP活性增强、溶酶体活跃有关;黄疸的发生与ATPase活性减弱及肝细胞线粒体受损有关;病兔的肝脏代谢以无氧酵解为主。     

牛白血病试验羊肿瘤细胞组化特性的研究

对牛白血病试验羊肿瘤组织进行各种染色观察表明,对细胞过氧化物酶、网状组织银染、苏丹黑B染色及碱性磷酸酶染色呈阴性反应,而对酯酶、酸性磷酸酶、糖元PAS反应、三磷酸腺苷酶、5′-核苷酸酶、浆细胞染色及表面免疫球蛋白等均为阳性。因此证实,肿瘤细胞起源于淋巴组织,且具有T、B淋巴细胞双重组化特性,这种特作表明,瘤细胞可能来源于淋巴组织中的D细胞。     

不同日龄断奶对仔猪血清五种酶活性影响的研究

试验检测了不同断奶日龄仔猪血清中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、磷酸肌激酶活性,以此来评定断奶对仔猪造成的应激程度.     

Peripheral neuropathy associated with dietary riboflavin deficiency in the chicken. I. Light microscopic study

Chickens fed a riboflavin-deficient diet from hatching had leg weakness and paralysis as early as 12 days of age. Signs worsened through day 16; after 35 days, recovery was evident. Sciatic nerves from affected chickens were enlarged. Significant microscopic lesions were confined to peripheral nerves and included tissue separation (suggesting interstitial edema), Schwann cell swelling, perivascular leukocytic infiltration, and segmental demyelination accompanied by accumulation of osmiophilic debris in Schwann cell cytoplasm. Axon degeneration was present, but was not a primary lesion. Acid phosphatase enzyme activity of Schwann cells was increased in affected nerves. These results demonstrate that dietary riboflavin deficiency causes a demyelinating peripheral neuropathy in young, rapidly growing chickens.     

Elevated expression of CAPON and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the sciatic nerve of rats following constriction injury

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has been implicated in peripheral nerve lesions and regeneration. The CAPON adaptor protein interacts with the PDZ domain of nNOS, helping to regulate nNOS activity at post-synaptic sites in neurones, but it is not known whether its expression is altered in sciatic nerves after chronic nerve constriction injury. In the present study, the spatiotemporal expression of CAPON was determined in chronically constricted rat sciatic nerves. Similar to the level of protein expression, CAPON mRNA was significantly up-regulated for almost 5 weeks following sciatic nerve injury. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that increased CAPON was found mainly in S-100-positive Schwann cells. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated an interaction between CAPON and nNOS in Schwann cells and the interaction was enhanced in injured sciatic nerves. CAPON may be involved in peripheral nerve regeneration through regulation of nNOS activity.     

Electrophysiologic Assessment of Acute Polyradiculoneuropathy in Dogs: Comparison with Guillain-Barré Syndrome in People

Electrophysiologic investigations of motor and sensory nerve as well as ventral nerve root function were performed on 12 dogs with suspected acute canine polyradiculoneuropathy (ACP) at different stages and with different severity of disease. The most reliable electrophysiologic indicators of ACP were electromyographic changes (occurring in 100% of affected dogs), significantly decreased compound muscle action potential amplitudes (in 75, 90, and 100% of affected dogs at all sites along the sciatic/tibial, radial, and ulnar nerves, respectively), increased minimum F-wave latencies (67%), increased F ratios (92%), and decreased F-wave amplitudes (67%). These findings suggest that ACP represents a peripheral motor axonopathy, with demyelination and axonal involvement also occurring in ventral nerve roots. Evidence of peripheral demyelination was present in some dogs although it was overshadowed by the prominent axonopathy. ACP more closely resembles the acute axonal or intermediate forms of Guillain-Barré syndrome in people.     

Age-related immunohistochemical and ultrastructural changes in rat oculomotor nerve

During ageing process, multiple changes occur on nervous tissue composed of cells and extracellular matrix. Changes on nervous tissues are usually known as degenerative changes on axon structure and connective tissue covering the nerve such as a decrease in the number of fibre or general structural changes. For this purpose, we have studied age-dependent ultrastructural changes in the rat oculomotor nerve with electron microscopy and also demonstrated collagen structure of the neural sheaths with immunohistochemical techniques. This study was conducted in Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy with a total of nine Wistar albino rats. We observed strong collagen type I immunoreactivity in endoneurium and slight to moderate reactivity in fibroblast cytoplasm in 3-month- and 12-month-old groups and mild reactivity in 24-month-old group. Collagen type IV immunoreactivity was stronger in endoneurium and perineurium in the 3-month- and 12-month-old groups compared with collagen type I and fibroblast cytoplasm showed a very strong reactivity. On the other hand, in the 24-month-old group, there was slight reactivity in endoneurium and a strong reactivity in perineurium. NGF staining showed moderate to strong reactivity on Schwann cells of the 3-month-old group. The immunoreactivity decreased in the 12-month- and 24-month-old groups. In the 3-month-old rat group, Schwann cell cytoplasm, mitochondrial structure and neurofilaments were normal. In the 12-month-old group, there were no changes in organelle distribution, mitochondrial structure and neurofilaments, but there was an increase in the connective tissue. An inconsiderable number of degenerated myelinated nerves were observed. We detected an important decrease in the collagen type I immunoreactivity, which could suggest that the endoneurium, perineurium and epineurium are less resistant to the age-related collagen loss and that the peripheral nerve is protected by a weaker barrier in the old group. The collagen type IV immunoreactivity was significantly decreased with age. NGF synthesis decreases with age because of Schwann cell structural degeneration or for different reasons. Thus, this could explain the diminished capacity of regeneration and damage of the myelination of the peripheral nerve.     

雏鸡哈氏腺的组织化学特点

采用常规组织化学方法对ＳＰＦ鸡的哈氏腺进行了一系列研究。结果表明，哈氏腺各级管腔上皮中有大量的杯状细胞，其分泌物主要是中性和酸性粘液物质的混合物，而腺泡上皮的分泌物主要是酸性粘液物质。改良甲苯胺蓝染色发现间质的淋巴细胞区域分布有少量的肥大细胞，管腔上皮及腺泡上皮胞浆中存在有大量异染性颗粒，预示肥大细胞在哈氏腺的局部免疫应答中起到一定的作用。苏丹黑Ｂ染色发现脂肪颗粒主要分布在上皮下。酶组织化学染色表明：各级管腔上皮及腺上皮分别为ＡＴＰ酶阳性，ＡＫＰ、ＡＣＰ及ＡＮＡＥ阴性。间质中淋巴细胞区域ＡＣＰ为强阳性，ＡＴＰ、ＡＫＰ为弱阳性，ＡＮＡＥ染色发现间质中有大量的Ｔ淋巴细胞和一定数量的巨噬细胞。此结果证明：哈氏腺是一个功能活跃的外分泌器官，Ｔ淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞在哈氏腺的局部免疫应答的调控中起到一定的作用。     

Determination of functional and morphologic changes in palmar digital nerves after nonfocused extracorporeal shock wave treatment in horses

OBJECTIVE: To determine functional and morphologic changes in palmar digital nerves after nonfocused extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) treatment in horses. ANIMALS: 6 horses. PROCEDURES: The medial and lateral palmar digital nerves of the left forelimb were treated with nonfocused ESWs. The medial palmar digital nerve of the right forelimb served as a nontreated control nerve. At 3, 7, and 35 days after treatment, respectively, 2 horses each were anesthetized and nerves were surgically exposed. Sensory nerve conduction velocities (SNCVs) of treated and control nerves were recorded, after which palmar digital neurectomies were performed. Morphologic changes in nerves were assessed via transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Significantly lower SNCV in treated medial and lateral nerves, compared with control nerves, was found 3 and 7 days after treatment. A significantly lower SNCV was detected in treated medial but not lateral nerves 35 days after treatment. Transmission electron microscopy of treated nerves revealed disruption of the myelin sheath with no evidence of damage to Schwann cell bodies or axons, 3, 7, and 35 days after treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Nonfocused ESW treatment of the metacarpophalangeal area resulted in lower SNCV in palmar digital nerves. This effect likely contributes to the post-treatment analgesia observed in horses and may result in altered peripheral pain perception. Horses with preexisting lesions may be at greater risk of sustaining catastrophic injuries when exercised after treatment.