枫泾猪发情周期子宫性腺激素受体含量的变化

以长白猪为对照 ,测定了枫泾猪发情周期血浆中雌二醇和孕酮及其子宫受体含量。发情期血浆雌二醇的峰值 ,枫泾猪为 ( 57.0 4± 3 .60 ) ng/ L,长白猪为 ( 55.85± 3 .0 4 ) ng/ L,两者无显著差异 ( P >0 .0 5)。孕酮最高水平和间情期平均水平 ,均为枫泾猪高 ( P <0 .0 1 )。孕酮最高水平 ,枫泾猪为 ( 2 4 .1 1± 1 .2 4 ) μg/ L,长白猪为 ( 1 6.67± 0 .2 1 ) μg/ L;孕酮间情期平均水平 ,枫泾猪为 ( 1 8.1 1± 1 .2 4 ) μg/ L,长白猪为 ( 1 1 .0 7± 0 .61 )μg/ L。枫泾猪发情期和间情期的细胞质雌二醇受体 ( CER)分别为每毫克 DNA( 3 87± 2 1 .2 )、( 3 52± 1 8.2 )fmol,其离解常数 ( kd)值分别为 ( 4.8± 0 .4 )、( 3 .8± 1 .0 ) nmol;细胞核雌二醇受体 ( NER)分别为每毫克DNA( 1 2 69.58± 1 56.4 2 )、( 578± 2 1 .4 ) fmol,其 kd值分别为 ( 5.8± 1 .4 )、( 3 .4 8± 1 .0 ) nmol;细胞质孕酮受体 ( CPR)分别为每毫克 DNA( 3 4 3 .0± 51 .4 )、( 1 48± 4 1 .0 ) fmol;细胞核孕酮受体 ( NPR)分别为 ( 3 2 4± 6.9)、( 1 1 5± 2 .4 ) fmol。发情期和间情期子宫 NER含量较长白猪高 ( P <0 .0 5) ,说明此时枫泾猪子宫对雌二醇具有较高的敏感性     

转Bt玉米对肥育期五指山猪血清激素含量及免疫指标的影响

文章旨在研究转Bt玉米对肥育期五指山猪血清激素含量及免疫指标的影响,选取6月龄遗传背景相同、初始体重(29.83±1.67)kg、健康肥育期五指山猪32头,随机分成2组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头猪,分别提供含转Bt玉米(转Bt玉米组)和非转基因玉米(对照组)的饲粮。饲养试验期60 d,于第60天采取血样。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,转Bt玉米组血清三碘甲状腺素、四碘甲状腺素、生长激素和皮质醇水平均未有显著变化(P0.05);2)两组血清免疫球蛋白G、A、M及补体3、4含量间也未达到显著差异水平(P0.05)。综合认为,转Bt玉米未对肥育期五指山猪血清激素含量及免疫指标产生不良影响。     

枫泾和长白青年母猪首次发情周期内血清中5种生殖激素含量变化

放射免疫法测定枫泾(FJ)和长白(L)青年母猪(各4头)首次发情周期内外周血清中促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)、17β-雌二醇(E_2)、孕酮(P_4)、和睾酮(T)的含量。测定结果,初情期开始日龄FJ猪平均为104.3±11.50天,L猪为235.0±1.95天。两猪种首次发情周期内外周血清中同种生殖激素有相似的变化趋势。在首次情期内,FJ和L猪的FSH平均含量分别波动在28.6±8.6～49.4±6.0ng/ml和16.8±2.5～38.9±0ng/ml之间;FSH总平均含量FJ猪组(37.8±2.7)显著高于L猪(27.0±3.1ng/ml)P<0.05;FJ猪发情0～2小时的FSH平均含量(34.4±2.1ng/ml)极显著地高于L猪(22.2±1.7ng/ml)P<0.001。排卵前LH峰均值FJ猪组(5.31±0.75ng/ml)显著高于L猪组(1.83±0.75ng/ml)P<0.05。发情当天(0天)E_2达峰值,FJ和L猪组分别是30.5±3.9和20.4±5.3pg/ml,两者无显著差异(P>0.05)。FJ和L猪组各自的P_4(ng/ml)和T(pg/ml)分泌呈显著正相关,相关系数依次为γ_F=0.71,P<0.05,γ_L=0.95,P<0.01。LH、FSH的含量高很可能是FJ猪高排卵率的重要因素之一。     

秦川牛公牛血浆睾酮17β一雌二醇的变化及其与一些种用特性关系的研究

本试验应用放射免疫技术测定了秦川牛公牛血浆睾酮、17β一雌二醇的变化水平,研究了这两种性激素水平之间以及与其体尺、体重、精液品质六项指标的关系,分析了4月令血浆睾酮水平不同的公牛后期生长发育(12月龄)、精液品质(23月龄)以及性激素水平不同的公牛后裔初生重的差异;并对性激素水平能否应用于公牛早期选种的问题进行了讨论。血浆睾酮、17β一雌二醇具有逐月龄增长、季节性差异的变化。两种激素水平之间无相关。11头青年公牛血浆睾酮的平均水平为4.44±3.22ng/ml,17β一雌二醇为45.02±8.13pg/ml,两者的比例为100∶1。血浆睾酮水平与精液量.精子活率、精子密度、精子存活指数均具有显著的(相关γ=0.6499、0.6245、0.7173、O。665,η=11),而17β一雌二醇与精液品质指标的相关不显著。公犊4月龄血浆睾酮水平与年均睾酮水平、16月龄睾酮水平,以及12月龄的体高、体长、胸围、管围、日增重呈显著或极显著的正相关[O.81(η=7)、0.92(η=5)、0.83、0.94、0.84、0.79 0.92(η=10)]。4月龄血浆睾酮水平高的公牛,后期生长发育快(12月龄),精液品质优(16月龄)。利用4月龄血浆睾酮水平对公牛后期若干主要种用性状进行早期选择可收到好的效果。测定公犊4月龄血浆睾酮水平,挑选其中水平高者留种,辅以外貌鉴定和血统分析,进行种公牛的早期选育,在理论和实践上都有深入探讨的价值。     

妊娠后期母兔血浆激素水平对仔兔的影响

为探讨妊娠后期母兔内分泌对胎儿及仔兔生长发育的影响,将13只妊娠16d的皖系长毛兔随机分成3组。试验1组在妊娠16d、17d和18d分别肌肉注射0.1mg甲状腺素T4,试验2组肌肉注射0.1mg苯甲酸雌二醇(OB),对照组注射等体积0.9%生理盐水。结果表明,试验1组仔兔初生时胰岛素(Insulin)水平、7～14日龄、21～28日龄和34～42日龄的增重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验2组仔兔初生时三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)、T4、胰岛素水平及各期仔兔的体重和增重比对照组显著降低(P<0.05);妊娠20d母兔血浆E2水平与仔兔初生重、4周龄重和6周龄重呈强负相关,相关系数分别为-0.927(P<0.01)、-0.866(P<0.01)和-0.810(P<0.05);初生仔兔血浆胰岛素水平与仔兔4周龄重、6周龄重呈强正相关,相关系数分别为0.887(P<0.01)、0.932(P<0.01)。     

雄性德国牧羊犬攻击行为与五羟色胺、睾酮的相关性研究

为了探索犬攻击行为与血浆五羟色胺(5-HT)、血清睾酮水平之间的相关性,从而探讨以犬血浆5-HT和血清睾酮水平辅助判断犬攻击行为强弱的可能性,改善目前国内外通过人为打分对攻击性强弱判断的主观性过强的现状,试验以28只8~24月龄的雄性德国牧羊犬作为研究对象,根据攻击行为强弱分为攻击组和非攻击组,每组各14只,采用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)测定其血浆5-HT和血清睾酮的浓度,并应用SPSS 16. 0软件的Spearman分析法对攻击行为与血浆5-HT和血清睾酮浓度进行相关性分析。结果表明:攻击组犬的血浆5-HT和血清睾酮浓度分别为(372. 59±16. 31) ng/m L和(6. 37±0. 44) nmol/L,极显著高于非攻击组犬的血浆5-HT和血清睾酮浓度[(277. 95±12. 40) ng/m L和(4. 37±0. 31) nmol/L](P0. 01),犬攻击行为强弱与5-HT和睾酮浓度具有较高的相关性,在0. 01水平上显著相关,相关系数分别为0. 867和0. 866。说明雄性德国牧羊犬血浆5-HT和血清睾酮浓度可以作为辅助判断攻击行为强弱的生理性指标。     

限饲模式下宁乡花猪商品猪的生长肥育性能分析

为探索限饲模式下宁乡花猪商品猪生长肥育性能以适应品牌猪肉具备风味性、安全性需要,在初生重(0.98±0.02)kg饲养(99.69±2.48)d的基础上,相应于25~35 kg、35~60 kg、60~75 kg等3个体重阶段,采用精料重分别占90%、80%、70%,青料重分别占10%、20%、30%配制饲粮,并按8.5成饱模式饲喂。结果表明:1)试猪由体重(24.79±0.64)kg饲养至出栏日龄(243.77±2.67)d、出栏体重(78.22±1.76)kg,该生长肥育全程(144.03±0.23)d、日增重(370.50±9.50)g、料重比(3.51±0.03),充分体现出限饲模式可行性;2)在≤240 d、240~260 d、>260 d的日龄梯级下分别以初生重(1.02±0.02)kg、(0.94±0.04)kg、(0.99±0.08)kg所求取的日增体重百分率曲线与日龄梯级呈负相关态势,显现日龄低梯级明显优于高梯级,反映出生长强度与日龄负相关的必然性;3)自起运至屠宰分别间隔5 h、29 h的胴体率、白条率的相差值达5.04和5.05个百分点,屠宰间隔直接造成胴体损失。     

蓝狐睾丸几种化学成分的检测

通过放射免疫测定技术及激光速率散射比浊法对蓝狐睾丸中某些化学成分的测定分析,得出与蓝狐生殖有关的睾酮(T)、孕酮(P)、雌二醇(E2 )、生长激素(GH)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG) ,其含量分别为( 83.3 0±1 1 2 .5 8)ng/g、( 3 0 .1 6±5. 69)ng/g、( 2 41 . 3 5±3 5 .2 1 )pg/g、( 42 .2 2±5 .78)ng/g、( 2 5 9.90±3 9.1 8) μg/g;与生命活动有关的三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)、生物信使cAMP、cGMP,以及免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM等成分,其含量分别为( 0 .1 1±0.0 2 )mg/g、( 0.1 0±0 .0 2 )mg/g、( 0.0 6±0.0 1 )mg/g,为此产品的开发利用提供理论依据     

中草药添加剂对热应激肥育猪内分泌激素水平的影响试验

试验选择遗传基础相似(杜长大)、日龄相近(±1 d)、体重差异不大(69.1±0.7 kg)的去势公猪60头,随机分为5组,每组12头,每组3个重复,每个重复4头,采用单因子试验设计,在当地最炎热季节(7-8月),应用中草药添加剂,观察热应激对肥育猪内分泌激素水平的影响。经42 d试验,结果表明:GH:试2、试3和试4组比对照组分别提高0.22 ng/L(P0.05)、0.23 ng/L(P0.05)和0.26 ng/L(P0.01),试3和试4组比试1组提高0.24 ng/L(P0.05)和0.27 ng/L(P0.05)。T3:试2、试3和试4组比对照组分别提高0.09 ng/m L(P0.05)、0.14 ng/m L(P0.05)、0.19 ng/m L(P0.01)。T4:试3和试4组比对照组分别提高19.87 nmol/L(P0.05)和24.59 nmol/L(P0.05)。Cor:试3和试4组比对照组分别降低22.08 nmol/L(P0.05)和28.28 nmol/L(P0.01),试3和试4组比试1组分别降低20.36 nmol/L(P0.05)和26.56nmol/L(P0.01)。     

哈白猪复旧期子宫胶原蛋白的降解

监测 4头产后哈白猪外周血浆和尿液中胶原蛋白的降解产物———羟脯氨酸 (HYPRO)的含量变化规律 ,借以找出胶原蛋白与子宫复旧的关系。结果表明 :实验猪血浆中HYPRO在产后 1～ 17d含量较高 ,产后 1d含量最高 ,达 3.4 2 2 5 μg/ml,此后逐渐下降 ,至产后第 2 9d降至产前水平。而尿中的HYPRO在产后 1～ 2 0d间的含量都较高 ,产后第 5d最高 ,达 13.774 2 μg/ml,以后开始下降 ,至产后 2 9d尚未降至产前水平。猪产后血和尿中HYPRO含量较高的时期 ,正是猪子宫复旧过程中体积缩小最快最明显的时期。所以 ,哈白猪产后血和尿中的HYPRO含量可以反映其子宫复旧状态     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Evaluation of the Microbiological Status of Milk and Various Structures in Mammary Glands from Naturally Infected Dairy Cows

A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the gland cisterns and teat cisterns. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Development and survival of free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats on pasture in the Nigerian derived savanna

Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L₃) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L₃ developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone.