桑树根结线虫病的综合防治

主要介绍了桑树根结线虫病的农业防治、生物防治、农药防治和物理防治等方法,并提出了桑树根结线虫病的综合防治对策。     

秋冬季桑树病虫害无公害防治技术

分析了当前桑树病虫害防治存在的问题,系统地总结了桑树病虫害无公害防治技术,并从农业防治、物理防治、生物防治、化学防治四个方面探讨了秋冬季桑树病虫害无公害防治技术措施。     

蜜蜂病害防治的基本体系及用药安全

本文阐述了蜜蜂病虫害防治应以"预防为主、治疗为辅"、综合防治、重点防治与全年控制相结合、防治用药确保蜂产品安全为原则,提出了抗病育种,积极回避防治,蜂场与饲料卫生消毒,加强饲养管理,采用合适的药物防治等内容,以期为蜜蜂病害防治提供参考。     

桑尺蠖的发生与综合治理

介绍了桑尺蠖在各地的发生世代和发生期,幼虫发育起点温度、幼虫食叶量和防治指标,与发生有关的生态环境条件以及人为因素对桑尺蠖发生的影响,并提出了以农业防治为基础,药物防治攻关键,适当兼顾物理防治与生物防治的综合防治措施。     

牛羊口蹄疫的发生、鉴别诊断及防治

就牛羊口蹄疫的分类、发生状况及口蹄疫的鉴别方法进行了阐述,并从常规防治和疫情发生后的防治2方面介绍了牛羊口蹄疫的防治措施,以期为防治该病提供参考。     

中药防治鸡传染性支气管炎概况与展望

本文总结了中药防治鸡传染性支气管炎的方剂与效果,归纳了防治鸡IB中药的种类。探讨了中药防治鸡IB研究存在的问题与应用前景,在此基础上提出了发展中药防治鸡IB的几点建议。     

牛羊寄生虫病防治程序化的初探

牛羊寄生虫病程序化防治模式是一项综合性防治新技术,改变了过去传统的防治方法,使单一寄生虫防治改为主要寄生虫整体的有序防治,使零星间断的治疗改为有组织连片的预防措施,使牛羊群的寄生虫得到全面驱治和预防,提高了综合防治效果。     

加强农业防治 推进桑园病虫害综合治理之对策

从桑园病虫害的防治要求出发,阐述了农业防治在桑园病虫害防控中的作用,分析了目前农业防治桑园病虫害中存在的问题,对如何加强农业防治,切实推进桑园病虫害综合治理提出了自己的观点。     

海安县桑树病虫害发生规律及防治方法

本文介绍了海安县桑树病虫害发生特点、主要原因及防治措施,总结了桑树病虫害综合防治的指导思想及主要存在问题,并据此提出海安县全年桑树病虫害综合防治的措施、防治时间和用药总体思路,为桑树病虫害的有效防治提供参考依据。     

信息化技术在桑树病虫害防治上的应用

大丰市在桑树病虫害防治工作中,通过现代信息化技术和工具的运用,建立病虫害预测、预报、发布的信息平台,为及时、准确地将病虫害发生、发展的规律及防治情况、措施实时传递,有效地提高了防治的水平,提高了防治的质量,很好地解决了桑树病虫害防治难、效果不佳的矛盾。实践证明,信息化技术在桑树病虫害防治上的应用,     

小灵猫繁育技术的研究

小灵猫的繁育技术尚未成功，尤其是仔猫哺育中母猫食仔的难题没有解决。在１９８６～１９９５年，我们对小灵猫的发情、配种、妊娠、产仔、母猫哺育和仔猫的人工哺乳作了试验。在此基础上形成了一套技术方案，并且在仔猫哺育上取得了突破性进展。     

城市养蜂：发展甜蜜产业，助力幸福社会

近十年,世界范围内陆续出现蜜蜂大量神秘消亡现象,加之城市化迅速发展,蜜蜂种群面临着生存危机。发达国家率先寻求破解这一生态挑战的方案,而城市养蜂以亲近自然、休闲趣味等特点备受青睐。我国部分地区曾进行过城市养蜂的探索,但因饲养环境、社会因素等的制约,始终未能被广泛接受。随着城市绿化、技术进步等使城市养蜂的可行性不断提高,其对养蜂个体和社会生态的重要性不断凸显,有望成为提升我国社会发展质量的甜蜜产业。     

Pathology, diagnosis and epidemiology of the rodent Helicobacter infection

Since the first isolation of Helicobacter pylori from humans in 1983, 18 Helicobacter species have been identified during the last decade in domestic and laboratory animals. Several Helicobacter species have been isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of various mammalian species and birds. Helicobacter hepaticus, H. muridarum, H. bilis, H. rodentium and Flexispira rappini have been isolated from mice. Among these species, only H. hepaticos has been clearly recognized as a pathogen. Indeed, it displays the pathogenic potential to elicit hepatitis in several strains of mice; moreover in A/JCr mice, it is strongly associated with hepatic cancer. Among the five murine helicobacter species, apart from H. hepaticus, F. rappini has not been found associated with lesions, H. muridarum has been observed in gastric glands of mice with chronic gastritis, and H. bilis has been reported in the liver of mice with chronic hepatitis. When associated with H. rodentium, H. bilis is able to induce diarrhea in SCID mice. In no case has pathogenicity of a single species been clearly proven. In rats, H. trogontum and H. muridarum have been isolated from the intestine, without any information concerning their respective pathogenicity. H. cinaedi and H. cholecystus have been identified from the intestine and the gallbladders of hamsters, respectively. The diagnosis of Helicobacter species by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a rapid, specific and sensitive technique. One of the most promising diagnostic techniques of these infections seems to be the PCR detection of Helicobacter sp. from feces based on the 16S rRNA sequences, then a restriction enzyme analysis to identify the actual species. Several drug regimens have also been evaluated to eradicate H. hepaticus from mice. Helicobacter infections, particularly H. hepaticus and H. bilis, seem to be widespread in laboratory mouse colonies and have also been detected from commercial breeders.     

蛋鸡的胆固醇代谢调控研究进展

胆固醇是生命活动的必需物质 ,但大量摄入又是导致心血管疾病的重要因素。利用营养和分子生物学手段对蛋鸡的胆固醇代谢过程进行研究 ,有利于找到降低鸡蛋中胆固醇含量的措施。蛋鸡体内胆固醇合成途径与哺乳动物相同 ,但转运过程存在很大区别。研究发现不饱和脂肪酸、粗纤维、植物固醇和药物等对鸡蛋胆固醇含量有重要影响 ,HMG -CoA还原酶抑制剂是一类作用效果最为明显的调控物     

Hendra (equine morbillivirus)

Hendra has been recognized in Australia as a new zoonotic disease of horses since 1994/5 and subsequent work has shown that the viral agent is endemic in certain species of fruit bat. The Hendra virus is the type species of a new genus within the sub-family Paramyxovirinae, which also contains another newly identified zoonotic bat virus, namely Nipah. It is assumed that contact with bats has led to the Hendra virus being transferred to horses on each of the three separate incidents that have been reported in the last five years. No evidence has been found for widespread subclinical infection of horses.Infected horses can develop a severe and often fatal respiratory disease characterized by dyspnoea, vascular endothelial damage and pulmonary oedema. Nervous signs may also occur. Fatal respiratory disease has been seen in cats and guinea pigs following experimentally induced infections. Transmission of the virus from horses to other horses or man seems to have taken place, but very close contact was required. Three human cases have been recognized, all in association with equine cases. There have been two human fatalities, one due to respiratory failure and the other from a delayed-onset encephalitis. A number of diagnostic methods have been developed, but great care must be taken in obtaining samples from suspected cases.     

Proximal isovelocity surface area variability during systole in dogs with mitral valve prolapse

The proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) principles and methodology have been described in human and veterinary medicine with special emphasis given to the ease and speed for the quantification of mitral regurgitation. Although limitations have been described in both human and veterinary medicine, in the case of veterinary medicine, clinical examples have not been well defined and in some cases have not been individually presented. The objective of this paper is to illustrate in a qualitative manner the echocardiographic existence of the dynamic behavior and variability of mitral regurgitation in dogs with mitral valve prolapse, a factor to be taken into consideration as a limitation inherent to the PISA technique.     

Progress in the epidemiology and diagnosis of amitraz resistance in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus

Amitraz is a rapidly acting acaricide that has been in use for the control of cattle ticks for more than 30 years. Resistance against amitraz was first reported in Boophilus microplus in Australia in 1980 but has been slow to spread in comparison to resistance against synthetic pyrethroids. The most recent estimate of prevalence of amitraz resistance in Australia is 10.8%. In Mexico, the development and distribution of amitraz appears to have been more rapid and the prevalence has been estimated to be 19.4% in Yucatan state. In New Caledonia, about 10% of properties were confirmed to have amitraz resistance. There is little reliable information on the prevalence of amitraz resistance in southern Africa. Risk factors have been identified, but the small sample sizes in the studies that have attempted to identify risk factors using survey data suggest caution in their interpretation. Regional variation in prevalence has been reported, as has a positive relationship with frequency of acaricide application. There is evidence to suggest that in Australia, amitraz resistance might have emerged on a small number of properties and been disseminated by cattle movements. There is also some evidence to suggest that amitraz resistance can diminish in the field when selection pressure is not applied. The mode of inheritance of amitraz resistance is uncertain and it has been suggested that it is a polygenic trait. The mechanism of amitraz resistance is unknown. Two possibilities have been proposed: octopamine receptor and monoamine oxidase. There is some equivocal support for both possibilities. The larval packet test bioassay is the most reliable method of diagnosing amitraz resistance in B. microplus, and this test has been modified by Miller to provide more accuracy and repeatability. Molecular tests are in development but will not eliminate the need for the bioassay.     

Quantitative analysis of components of hybridizationAnalyse quantitative des composantes de l'hybridationQuantitative analyse der komponenten bei der hybridzüchtung

For various two-way crossbred animal populations heterosis has been defined and estimated in terms of genetic components. Attention has been paid to the quantitative estimation of the recombination effect. The heterosis has been divided into the individual, maternal and paternal component. Complementarity has been analyzed and expressed in terms of the nonlinearity and position effect. Under the assumption of a multiplicative composition of subcharacters in a character and a linear combination of characters in a supercharacter for nonlinearity and position effects general formulae have been derived. In the appendix examples in sheep have been mentioned for a better understanding and illustration of the heterotic, nonlinearity and position effects.     

Luxation of the superficial digital flexor tendon in a cat

Superficial digital flexor luxation has been described in dogs, horses, and cattle. To the authors' knowledge, it has not been reported in cats. In the case of this report, monofilament nonabsorbable suture material was used to repair a laterally luxating superficial digital flexor tendon in a cat. The repair was similar to that which has been described in dogs. Whereas many etiologies of superficial tendon luxation have been proposed in dogs, trauma was believed to have contributed to the tendon luxation in this cat.     

Weaning — A challenge to gut physiologists

The aim of this paper is to review the most relevant findings obtained over the last four years on the physiology, microbiology and immunology of the gastrointestinal tract of pigs as influenced by weaning and nutrition in the post-weaning period through the action of feed components or alternative substances to in-feed antibiotics. In recent years, some light has been shed on the physiology of the stomach, including motility, gastric emptying and acid secretion. This organ is important in the control of pathogen entry into the intestines. Recent studies on basic intestinal physiology around weaning have been scarce. Most investigations have been devoted to nutritional approaches on the effects of diet components (e.g. protein, fibre, etc.) and alternative substances (e.g. organic acids, zinc, prebiotics, probiotics, other substances of animal or plant origins) on pig performance and various aspects of gastrointestinal tract physiology, microbiology and immunology. Among these, beneficial effects of some organic acids have been confirmed. Additional data with zinc sources include possible mechanisms of protection. Overall it appears that manipulating carbohydrate (prebiotic) composition of the weaning diet may be the most promising way to improve gut health in weaned piglets. In that respect, consistent results have been obtained with lactose supplementation, and interactions with other feed constituents have been studied. Significant positive results have also been produced with probiotics (bacteria, yeasts) fed to the piglets or to the sows. The major parts of the responses appear to be mediated through changes in gastrointestinal microbiology, including enhanced numbers of favourable bacteria (lactobacilli, bifidobacteria) and/or decreased numbers of potentially pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Clostridia, etc.) together with more favourable profiles of fermentation products along the intestines. In contrast, measurable effects of these dietary factors on intestinal physiology and mucosal immunology have been limited or difficult to interpret in many cases. Finally, investigations have been conducted with varying diet composition (other than carbohydrates: protein source or level, amino acids, etc) or supplementing with different substances of animal or plant origin. However, positive effects on the gut have often been more variable and sometimes inconsistent.