改进二次型Boost变换器的研究与分析

传统二次型Boost变换器具有较高的升压能力,但其开关器件的电压、电流应力较大,增加了电路的体积与成本。笔者在传统二次型Boost变换器的基础上,结合高增益Boost三端网络,提出改进二次型Boost变换器,并对其连续工作模式下的工作原理及各开关器件的电压、电流应力进行了分析。分析结果表明,改进二次型Boost变换器不仅升压能力有所提升,而且在输出电压相同的情况下,开关器件的电压、电流应力有所降低。最后,通过仿真分析验证了该变换器的正确性和可行性。     

含旋转电机接口和逆变器接口的微网小信号稳定性分析

提出了一种包含了逆变器接口（voltage source inverter,VSI）、同步电机接口（synchronous generator,SG）的独立微网控制策略,并分析了其小信号稳定性。VSI接口和SG接口的分布式电源均采用下垂控制策略,二者之间无需实时通信,可实现负荷功率共享。建立了系统的小信号状态空间模型,主要包括：同步发电机及其控制器的小信号模型、逆变器及其控制器的小信号模型、电网络及负荷小信号模型。计算了下垂增益变化时的根轨迹,得到了系统主特征值随参数变化的根轨迹,计算了不同状态变量对特征值的参与因子。稳定性分析结果表明：当所有分布式电源采用下垂控制时,引入同步发电机接口的分布式电源,系统频率小信号稳定性大大增强。PSCAD时域仿真验证了特征值计算的正确性。     

飞机辅助动力装置引气特性计算方法

作为飞机环控系统与主发动机起动的气源,以目前广泛应用的带负载压气机结构APU(Auxiliary Power Unit)为研究对象,进行引气特性计算模型与计算方法研究。首先介绍了APU结构与引气工作特点,然后分析了建模时喘振控制阀SCV(Surge Control Valve)控制方法与APU共同工作机理,最后采用部件法建立了该类型APU引气计算数学模型。以某型APU为对象进行数值仿真并与实际试车数据比较,计算误差小于3%,表明所采用的建模方法是正确的,所建立的模型能够满足工程需求。      

雷电引起接触电压、跨步电压导致生物伤害的损害概率计算方法探析

为了提高人员生命损失风险计算的针对性、准确性,为人工接地装置安全布设提出建设性的指导意见,通过对人工接地装置泄流时接触电压、跨步电压的计算方法的分析,确定了人工接地体泄流时接触电压、跨步电压导致人身伤亡的损害概率的定量计算方法。计算时,通过对接触电压、跨步电压计算值与人体耐受接触电压、跨步电压阈值的比较分析,确定能达到该阈值的最小雷电流幅值,再通过对项目所在位置雷电活动特征的分析,确定可能超过灾害阈值对应的雷电流幅值,即可能产生风险的雷电流所占的频率,认为该频率即为接触电压、跨步电压导致生物伤害的损害概率。对人工接地装置接触电压、跨步电压的计算以垂直接地极为例,同时考虑了冲击电流较工频电流对计算方法的影响。     

同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路故障在线分析方法综述

励磁绕组匝间短路是同步发电机常见故障之一。为保证机组和电网的安全可靠运行,有必要对该故障进行在线分析检测。首先介绍了应用于同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路故障在线分析的磁场-电流谐波分析法、探测线圈法、多回路法、输出电气量分析法、振动分析法等的研究现状,并对几种方法进行了比较,然后对未来在线分析方法的发展方向进行了展望,对输出电气量分析法提出了两条研究思路,最后说明了在线分析方法应具有实际可行性和多用途性。     

汽轮发电机稳态负序工况仿真模型及其对负序损耗计算结果的影响

稳态负序能力是大型汽轮发电机安全可靠运行的重要技术指标之一,而稳态负序损耗的准确计算是确定稳态负序能力的关键和基础。介绍了模拟发电机稳态负序运行工况的传统模型,针对其不足提出了一种新的不对称负载模型,并对2种模型所反映的物理机理和优缺点进行了对比分析。在此基础上,以一台1 550 MW的大型4极核能汽轮发电机为例,采用场路耦合的二维非线性时步有限元方法,结合2种仿真模型对其稳态负序损耗分别进行了计算,并对计算结果进行了详细分析。结果表明：相对于传统的负序模型,笔者提出的不对称负载模型充分考虑了磁饱和与转子附加损耗的影响,计算出的稳态负序损耗更接近实际情况,为准确考核大型汽轮发电机的稳态负序能力奠定了基础。     

基于传输线网络的特高压变电站智能组件端口电磁骚扰的建模仿真

随着智能化GIS设备的发展,GIS设备上集成了大量电子设备。GIS设备开关操作产生的特快速瞬态电磁过程主要经由“传感器—二次电缆—智能组件”这段电路对电子设备产生电磁影响。笔者首先基于传输线网络理论建立了开关操作产生的地电位升对“传感器—二次电缆—智能组件”回路的耦合计算模型,然后通过验证实验证明了计算模型的有效性和准确性,最后对不同屏蔽层接地方式下的各传感器端口和智能组件各端口及端口间的骚扰电压进行了仿真研究。计算结果显示,各骚扰电压受接地方式的影响较大;通过选择合适的接地方式,可以有效地抑制开关操作电磁骚扰。     

浅谈检查窃电方法与判断

1常见的几种窃电方式1.1破坏计量装置准确计量窃电此类窃电即故意改变电能计量装置正常接线,造成计量回路故障,致使电能表电压线圈失压或少受电压,使电能表电流线圈无电流通过或只通过部分电流。奎屯供电公司西郊变一用户计量丢电,现场检查用户下网表C相电流分流丢失电量。此用户计量     

土壤含水率与像素颜色之间关系的BP人工神经网络模型

建立像素颜色RGB值与土壤含水率之间的数学关系,是染色入渗法的应用基础。结合沟灌染色入渗试验。研究了染色入渗过程中土壤含水率与像素颜色分量之间关系的BP人工神经网络模型。分析土壤含水率与像素颜色分量之间的关系,确定BP人工神经网络的拓扑结构,以像素颜色分量的相对值作为输入因子。土壤含水率作为输出因子,建立了包含1个隐层的BP人工神经网络。结果表明,该模型具有较高的拟合精度和验证精度,优于二次多项式模型。     

MIRA阶梯背模型尾部非光滑表面优化设计方法

为探索车身非光滑表面特征参数的优化设计方法,在MIRA阶梯背模型尾部分别布置凹坑型、凸包型和沟槽型非光滑表面,进行计算仿真和风洞模型试验对比分析不同非光滑单元的减阻效果。以非光滑单元体间距与高度为设计变量,以模型气动阻力系数为优化目标,采用拉丁超抽样方法进行样本设计,建立Kringing近似模型并检验拟合精度,运用NSGA-II遗传优化算法分别对凹坑型、凸包型和沟槽型非光滑表面特征参数进行优化。对比优化前后流场参数,分析车身非光滑表面减阻的机理。仿真结果和风洞试验数据表明优化后的凹坑、凸包及沟槽型非光滑表面模型的气动阻力均进一步减小,减阻率分别达到6.92%、4.03%、4.24%,减阻效果明显。说明文中所采用的优化设计方法具有一定的有效性和通用性,为车身非光滑表面特征参数优化的后续设计提供参考依据。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Evolution under domestication involving disturbance of genic balance

Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected.     

Genetic variation for disease and nematode resistances and forage quality in perennial diploid and tetraploid lucerne populations (Medicago sativa L.)

Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality.     

Review of Effects of Active Components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on Central Nervous System

In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,...     

Effects of Pb on Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activity and Chemical Constituents of Achyranthes bidentata Blume

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat...     

不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响

采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应.