水平荷载作用下单桩的虚拟桩解法及参数

根据Muki&Sternberg的虚拟桩方法,将水平荷载作用下单桩的问题分解为弹性半空间扩展土和一根虚拟桩的叠加,其中虚拟桩的弹性模量等于桩的弹性模量与土的弹性模量之差。基于水平位移协调条件推导出求解桩土间相互作用所需要的第二类Fredholm积分方程,通过广义胡可定律推导出该积分方程间断点的显式解,从而提高了Fredholm积分方程的数值计算精度并简化了计算程序的编写,根据Mindlin解推导出位移影响函数,简化了位移函数的推导过程。参数分析表明,桩土弹性模量比对单位水平力作用下桩身最大弯矩的位置有明显的影响,随着桩刚度的增加,桩身最大弯矩的位置随之加深。     

波浪循环荷载作用下滨海软土水平向动力特性试验研究

为研究海上风电桩基在波浪荷载作用下,产生水平向循环荷载对桩基周围土体动力特性的影响,以唐山地区滨海软土为研究对象,通过室内动三轴试验,研究不同围压、动应力幅值和振动次数条件下对软土水平向动力特性的影响。结果表明：软土水平向动强度随围压增加而增加,随振动次数增加而减小;动应力幅值增大,破坏振次减小;水平向动应变εd随振动次数增加变大,且动应力幅值越大,增速越明显,变化规律遵循Monismith模型;动应力幅值改变时,软土水平向动模量变化明显,当围压减小,动弹性模量减小;曹妃甸软土水平向间具有明显的结构性,不同围压条件下,随动应力幅值增加动阻尼比均表现增大趋势。     

五星形桩与圆桩水平承载性能对比模型试验研究

五星形桩是一种横截面异形桩,是在圆桩的基础上向内切割5个圆弧,形成截面类似五星形的异形桩。按其截面性质分为周长最大化五星形桩F₁、周长面积比最大化五星形桩F₂两种桩型,为掌握五星形桩的水平承载性能进行了与圆桩的对比模型试验研究。试验用土为干砂,砂雨法土样制作,模型桩为预制钢筋混凝土桩,相似比为1∶8。模型试验桩包括：五星形桩F₁、五星形桩F₂、与五星形桩F₂截面周长相同的圆桩C₁、与五星形桩F₂截面面积相同的圆桩C₂。由于五星形桩水平承载性能具有方向性,试验采用理论计算中水平承载力最大的方向施加水平荷载,试验结果表明：F₁、C₁和F₂的水平极限承载力相当,但F₂的截面面积最小,仅为C₁的0.44倍;与C₂相比,F₂的水平极限承载力是其1.63倍,可见,合理截面形式的五星形桩可以提供更大的水平承载能力;五星形桩与圆桩弯矩分布规律基本一致,都在4倍直径左右（五星形桩为外接圆直径）达到最大,但五星形桩截面面积小,抗弯刚度不足,容易折断,总体水平承载性能不及截面周长相同的圆形桩,但优于截面面积相同的圆形桩。     

黄岩梅桩惊天下

梅花,我国十大传统名花之一。“万花敢问雪中出,一树独先天下春”。“疏影横斜水清浅,暗香浮动月黄昏”。它傲霜凌雪,象征中华民族坚贞不屈的高尚品质。黄岩梅桩,自60年代起,选取自然的野生梅桩,不受形式的限制,以奇古、屈曲、龙鳞、鹤膝为准则;造型以传统的中国画为基础,结合梅花生长的自然特性,最后达到诗情画意为目的。黄岩梅桩盆景,在历届全国梅展中共获各类奖牌215枚,其中金奖75枚。我国著名梅     

龙卷风作用及核电站结构极端风荷载相关问题研究综述

在结构荷载规范中一般均不考虑龙卷风荷载,但对于某些设防要求极高的重要工程设施,如核电站,则需要考虑可能的龙卷风荷载作用。从龙卷风风场理论模型的研究发展入手,对直接风压荷载的确定、风致飞射物间接作用以及特种工程结构核电站抗龙卷风设计的研究现状进行了归纳总结,指出了龙卷风直接风压计算中考虑轴吸力作用、风场平移运动及风致扭转作用的必要性以及飞射物冲击作用应区别弹体相对刚度及端部形态对作用效果的影响。     

不同氮素水平下生菜累积硝酸盐能力的品种差异分析

利用盆栽试验研究了生菜3个不同品种（苦苣、大速生、油麦）在不同氮素供应水平（0、0.2、0.4、0.6gN/kg土）下硝酸盐累积能力的差异。研究结果表明：同一氮肥水平下不同品种生菜硝酸盐含量和硝酸还原酶活性均存在显著性差异;在不同氮肥水平下,生菜各个品种硝酸盐含量具有显著差异性,且随氮肥水平的升高,其硝酸盐含量、硝酸还原酶活性呈递增趋势。因此,实际生产中选择降低硝酸盐措施时应将降低氮肥施用量及筛选低硝酸盐含量品种同时加以考虑。     

不同土壤磷水平下黄壤旱坡地磷素流失分析

在贵州中部黄壤旱坡地上，采用无界径流小区法及盆栽试验方法，对不同土壤磷素水平下黄壤旱坡地磷素的流失进行研究。分析结果表明：不同土地利用方式下黄壤旱坡地地表径流中颗粒态磷和水溶态磷的浓度出现明显的差异，其大小顺序为高肥力旱地＞低肥力旱地＞幼林地＞马尾松成林地，随着黄壤旱地磷肥施用量的增加，径流排水中水溶态磷的浓度出现明显的提高，当旱地施磷量增加6倍时，径流排水中水溶态磷的平均浓度相应增加6．6倍，相关分析表明，土壤有效磷（Olsen-P)含量与径流磷浓度之间的相关性达到极显著性水平（r=0.9350)，土壤磷素水平提高的同时，也相应增加了土壤磷素流失的潜能。因此，调整土地利用方式以及减少旱地磷肥的施用量，可减少黄壤旱坡地磷素的大量流失，有利于水环境质量的保护。     

近爆作用下压型钢板组合楼板动力响应及影响因素数值分析

利用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,采用流固耦合的计算方法,对压型钢板组合楼板在近爆炸荷载作用下进行了不同工况的数值模拟,得出其受力形态,分析其动力响应及破坏过程,找出影响楼板动力响应的主要因素。数值分析结果表明：适当增加混凝土厚度和提高压型钢板强度,可以显著降低组合楼板的跨中最大位移,提高组合楼板的延性和抗爆性能;组合楼板中钢筋间距的变化,对组合楼板抗爆性能影响较小。     

不同施氮水平下棉花生物量动态增长特征研究

在大田实验条件下,以定量方法系统地分析了黄淮海棉区(以河南安阳为试点)不同施氮水平(每公顷0 kg、120 kg、240 kg3、60 kg、480 kg)下棉株生物量的动态累积特征,结果表明:棉株地上、地下部分干物重的动态累积符合Logistic生长曲线,生物量的增长对氮肥施用量较为敏感;施肥量为360 kg.hm-2时棉田具有快速增长期启动早、持续时间短、增长速率大等特征,说明该施氮量利于棉花生长前期的生物量的快速累积,氮肥施用量过多或过少均不利于合理棉花群体的建立;不同的施氮量可以调节快速生长期的早晚和持续时间,同时亦可改变其干物质累积速率。生产中可以通过调节氮肥的施用量与时间获得高产。对于黄淮海棉区,适宜的施肥量为360 kg.hm-2,7月中旬为棉田肥水管理的关键期。     

不同磷水平下大豆植株磷素积累与转运动态的研究

以绥农14为试验材料,土壤设置5个磷素处理水平,对大豆不同生育时期不同器官的磷素积累分配与转运规律进行研究。结果表明:苗期(V3)大豆叶、茎、根的磷素积累均随土壤磷素水平的提高而显著增加;而到鼓粒盛期(R6),26.62mg/kg土壤磷素水平更有利于荚果磷素的积累;到成熟期(R8),大豆荚果磷素积累量远大于大豆植株其他器官,16.68mg/kg土壤磷水平下更有利于子粒中磷素的积累。营养生长阶段(V3~R1),随土壤磷水平升高,磷素积累量和积累率随之升高,但当土壤磷水平为31.37mg/kg时,磷素积累量和积累率又有所降低;到营养生长和生殖生长并进阶段(R1~R5),积累率以低磷5.68mg/kg所占比重大,45%磷素在此区段积累;生殖生长阶段(R5~R8),除低磷5.68mg/kg水平积累量和积累率极低外,其他处理约有三分之一的磷积累。大豆荚果中的磷素来自营养器官的转移比例:叶>茎>根>叶柄;荚果中的磷素30%以上来自营养器官的转入,其中低磷5.68mg/kg水平转移率最高,达59.65%,随土壤磷水平的增高,其转移率呈波动变化,变幅在29.08%~41.95%之间。     

A study on lateral deformation calculation of foundation under embankment

Embankment load causes not only vertical settlement of foundation but also lateral deformation of foundation, and lateral deformation is one of the important factors for foundation settlement. In order to analyze lateral deformation of foundation under th     

Analysis of Laterally Loaded Long Piles in Cohesionless Soil in Nonlinear Conditions

A method was developed for nonlinear analysis of laterally loaded long piles in cohesionless soil. It is considered that the modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction is related with groundline pile displacement by an attenuation power function based on the existing methods and it is assumed that both the modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction and the ultimate soil resistance increase linearly with depth . It is also considered that soil in front of the pile may change from elastic state into plastic state as pile displacement increase. Nonlinear differential equations of the fourth order were derived for both states and to solve the equations, the Gleser finite difference approach with iteration and the Reese Matlock approach were developed,respectively of propsed methed. It is validated by the test and numerical field calculation that the results respectively of proposed methed are more accurate than ‘m’method and simpler than ‘p y’method. And the results are in good agreement both when pile displacement is small and large,thus it can be applied to construction in place of ‘p y’ method especially when test parameters are unavailable.     

Mechanical model and computational analysis of pipeline plastic failure under radial load

When large damage, such as rupture and leakage, occurs in buried pipeline, a steel pipeline extrusion throttle device is applied to crush the pipeline and block the oil flow quickly in a short time. An extrusion model under uniformly distributed radial load is established based on the theory of plastic deformation and the principle of virtual work. The pipeline plastic deformation is analyzed and computed and the pipeline extruding load is obtained. The extrusion of X60 steel tube of 325 mm diameter and 6 mm thickness loaded by indenter of 18 mm width is examined. The load-deformation curve of pipeline extrusion is obtained. The results of the comparison between experimental data and theoretical data show that the model is in good agreement with the experiment. This model can be used to calculate the extruding load of pipelines of different sizes and provide the theoretical and practical reference for urgent repair of pipeline leakage.     

简谐SH波作用下管桩的振动特性

在一维波动模型的基础上得到了简谐SH波作用下桩周土和桩芯土的位移。在三维轴对称的情况下,运用势函数和分离变量法求解了简谐水平集中荷载和SH波引起的管桩桩周土和桩芯土的振动问题,得到了桩周土和桩芯土的径向位移和环向位移。考虑管桩土动力相互作用和管桩土的连续性边界条件对简谐水平集中荷载和SH波作用下管桩的振动进行了研究,得到了管桩桩顶的动力放大因子。通过数值算例分析可知,简谐SH波作用下管桩存在共振现象;管桩管壁过薄宜导致桩基失稳;相同外径情况下采用管桩要比实芯桩的抗震性能更好。     

Experimental analysis of the evolution law of the coal seam gas permeability under long-term load

Gas-filled coal permeability evolution tests are carried out before and after the long-term load with temperature and effective stress changing by using the triaxial permeability equipment. Based on the experiments,temperature sensitivity coefficient and effective stress sensitivity coefficient of the permeability of the coal sample are analyzed before and after the long-term load. The experimental results are shown as follows：1)Before and after the long-term load,with the increase of effective stress,the permeability and effective stress sensitivity coefficient both decrease when the temperature keeps constant. At the same time,with the increase of temperature,the permeability and temperature sensitivity coefficient also decrease when the effective stress keeps constant;2)The difference of the permeability between before and after long-term load is different with temperature and effective stress changing,and it reflects thermal-fluid-solid coupling effect;3) Before and after the long-term load,the difference of temperature sensitivity coefficient first increases and then decreases with effective stress increasing,and it becomes negative when the effective stress is about 4.3 MPa. What’s more,the difference of effective stress sensitivity coefficient will decrease with the temperature increasing,and become negative after 26 ℃.     

混凝土灌注桩中混含硫酸盐的时变分布规律

硫酸盐环境下,为模拟混凝土灌注桩施工时混入的硫酸盐在桩中的时变分布行为,基于Fick第二定律并结合初始条件与边界条件,应用分离变量法,建立硫酸盐在桩中的时变分布模型。通过算例将本文解与传统解进行比较,并进一步探讨了硫酸盐扩散分布的影响因素和影响规律。结果表明,传统解用于分析混凝土灌注桩桩中硫酸盐扩散有局限性,而本文解相对于传统解具有一定的优势。混凝土灌注桩半径越小,应用传统解分析灌注桩中硫酸盐时变分布误差较大,同时,误差随时间增大。硫酸盐在混凝土灌注桩中的时变分布呈沙漏形,沿半径方向x=0处和桩表面处扩散行为明显,在x=0处附近区域,初始第一年扩散速率较快,在后续的50 a内扩散速率显著减小,但每10 a的平均速率基本相同。扩散系数和初始浓度梯度对硫酸盐在混凝土灌注桩中的时变分布影响较大。     

Genetic analysis of flower and lateral shoot production in Gerbera

Summary An incomplete diallel cross with selfs and reciprocals was made with twelve cultivars of Gerbera jamesonii. Very significant differences occurred between GCA's of the parents for cut flower yield, earliness and number of lateral shoots. The selfs were mainly responsible for the significant SCA's.A positive genetic correlation occurs between the number of lateral shoots at anthesis of the first flower and total flower production. The phenotypic performance of parents (measured on cuttings) was poorly related to their breeding value (measured on seedlings). It is suggested that this is due to physiological differences between cuttings and seedlings.     

不同失稳判据下边坡稳定性的规律性

以塑性区贯通、位移增量突变、计算不收敛3种边坡失稳判据为依据,采用强度折减有限元法和重度增加有限元法对简单边坡进行了分析。结果表明：以边坡潜在滑动面上某点位移增量突变作为边坡失稳判据是准确的;对于不同土体强度参数下,以位移增量关系曲线突变为判据得到的边坡的安全系数较另外两种方法稳定;对应于塑性区贯通、位移增量曲线突变和计算不收敛的3种判据,边坡潜在滑动面依次向深层发展,边坡的安全系数依次增加。     

Numerical simulation analysis on small clear spacing crossing viaduct pile foundation of shielded subway tunnels

Aimed at the problem of the in partial section of the Nanjing Metro Line 3, the three-dimensional pattern of tunnel, segment and pile foundation was established after appropriate simplification. The simulation results showed that, the Overpass pile foundation of Shield Tunneling to Adjacent Metro Shield Tunnel will have effect on the force and deformation of the earth's surface and pile foundation, the maximum deformation value of the earth's surface is larger than that of the pile foundation top, stress concentration appeared in right working slope lower side segment of tunnel. Through the comparison with field monitoring results, the field dates is consistent with the Numerical Simulation Results, the execution parameters are advised to be well controlled in the further construction, in the same time strengthing the track monitoring, tracking grouting reinforcement should be carried when necessary. The research results could provide reference for the smooth going of the project.