污水环境对水泥土力学性能的影响试验研究

由于多数地下水泥土工程直接与地下腐蚀性介质环境接触,必将导致水泥土材料的逐步劣化甚至失效破坏。以某市区工地附近明渠排放的污水作为侵蚀性介质,制作了不同水泥掺量的水泥土试件,通过对比试验,研究了污水环境和清水环境下不同水泥掺量、不同龄期的水泥土抗压强度和抗剪强度。结果表明,在污水或清水环境下,相同水泥掺量水泥土30 d龄期的抗压强度几乎相等,随着龄期的增加其抗压强度均逐步增大,但污水环境下其抗压强度增长的幅度明显小于清水环境,90 d后清水环境的水泥土抗压强度不再增长,而污水环境的抗压强度开始降低;污水环境和清水环境下的水泥土内摩擦角和黏聚力随龄期、水泥掺量的增加均逐步增大,污水环境下龄期90 d后的内摩擦角和黏聚力均开始降低。     

早龄期加载对粉煤灰混凝土变形及强度的影响

研究了粉煤灰掺量、加载龄期和加载应力对粉煤灰混凝土早期变形及加载后强度变化的影响。研究结果表明：随着粉煤灰掺量增加,混凝土的变形量逐渐降低,当掺量为30%时,变形量减少了33.6%;随着加载龄期提前或加载应力增大,粉煤灰混凝土的早期变形量增大,其中,加载应力的影响尤其明显,60%加载应力（60%的标准养护条件下7 d轴心抗压强度）比20%加载应力下混凝土最终变形量增加了277.2%;混凝土初始加载时间提前或加载应力增大会导致加载后粉煤灰混凝土强度下降,加载应力比加载龄期对加载后粉煤灰混凝土强度的影响更明显。     

面向刚度曲线的汽车前保险杠缓冲块优化设计

以掺天然砂砾改良的红粘土为研究对象,采用室内承载板法测定回弹模量,通过不同初始干密度下的回弹模量试验,深入研究了天然砂砾改良红粘土的回弹模量随初始干密度的变化规律,建立了不同初始干密度下回弹模量的预估模型。试验结果表明:在同一天然砂砾掺量下,随着初始干密度的提高,红粘土的回弹模量逐渐增大。当初始干密度由低向最大干密度增大时,回弹模量增长速度较快,当初始干密度超过最大干密度继续增大时,回弹模量增长速度变缓;在同一初始干密度下,当天然砂砾掺量从0增至30%时,回弹模量的增长幅度较小,当天然砂砾掺量超过30%而继续增长时,回弹模量增长幅度较大;初始干密度由1.6 g·cm^-3增长至2.0 g·cm^-3时,回弹模量增长值随天然砂砾掺量的增加而逐渐增大。分别建立了回弹模量随初始干密度及天然砂砾掺量变化的预估模型,通过补充试验,验证了预估模型的准确性。     

未水化水泥颗粒后期水化对UHPC性能的影响

采用高温加速试验,并结合烧失量法、力学试验、测长法、电通量法、碳化等手段研究了不同养护温度和水胶比条件下未水化水泥颗粒后期水化对UHPC性能的影响。结果表明：60 ℃水养护能够有效加速UHPC中未水化水泥颗粒的后期水化,试块的结合水量在90 d内趋于稳定。随养护龄期的增长,UHPC试块先收缩后膨胀,90 d的抗折强度、抗氯离子渗透性和抗碳化性能均下降,抗压强度尚无明显损失。水胶比越低,UHPC试块90 d的结合水量增长率越大,膨胀值越大,抗折强度损失率也越高。     

粉煤灰水泥浆体的电阻率与化学收缩及自收缩的相互关系

为研究粉煤灰的硅酸盐水泥浆体的电阻率、化学收缩及自收缩的变化规律,定量描述水泥基材水化过程中自收缩和未充水毛细孔体积在化学收缩中所占的比例变化,测定了不同水胶比和粉煤灰掺量的早龄期水泥基浆体的电阻率、化学收缩和自收缩。结果表明：水泥基浆体在硬化减速期的电阻率随时间对数的曲线斜率K和浆体3 d抗压强度成线性关系,并进一步论证了K值对水泥浆体结构密实速度的物理意义及其推测强度的应用价值;浆体的化学收缩和自收缩分别随水胶比升高或粉煤灰掺量增大而降低。浆体在24 h后的单位体积化学收缩和30 h后的自收缩随电阻率的发展均表现出线性关系。定量地提出了终凝后自收缩变化量与终凝后线性化学收缩变化量的比例参数γ的概念,较小的γ值表明：与未充水毛细孔相比,自收缩的比例很小;同一样品的比例参数γ表现出随水化时间逐渐减小。     

再生混凝土抗碳化性能试验研究及理论分析

通过快速碳化试验,以再生骨料掺量、水灰比、水泥用量、原始混凝土强度和矿物掺合料为影响因素,对再生混凝土的碳化性能进行研究。试验结果表明：再生混凝土的碳化深度随水灰比、再生骨料掺量的增加而减小,随原始混凝土强度的增大和水泥用量的增加而增大,适量添加矿物掺和料能降低再生混凝土的碳化深度,提升其抗碳化性能。在已有的普通混凝土碳化模型研究基础上,结合本试验和中国其他学者的试验数据,建立了再生混凝土碳化深度预测模型,模型预测结果与试验值吻合较好。     

粉煤灰对高强混凝土收缩徐变的影响试验研究及其修正模型

粉煤灰对高强混凝土收缩徐变的影响直接关系到结构长期性能的合理确定。制作粉煤灰掺量分别为0、12%和24%的100 mm×100 mm×400 mm的C50混凝土棱柱体试件,在试验室条件下进行收缩及不同加载龄期的徐变试验,研究了粉煤灰对高强混凝土收缩徐变的影响。根据试验结果评估了目前常用的4种相关规范公式对高强混凝土收缩徐变的适用性,并引入粉煤灰影响系数以综合反映粉煤灰掺量和加载龄期对高强混凝土收缩徐变的影响,根据试验结果和现有研究成果提出了其修正模型。分析结果表明,JTG D 62和GL 2000推荐的收缩徐变预测模式与基准试件实测结果较为吻合,验证结论亦说明所引入的粉煤灰影响系数可应用于掺粉煤灰高强混凝土的收缩徐变预测。     

饥饿对鲫鱼血液生理生化指标和流变学性质的影响

研究了饥饿对鲫鱼血液生理生化指标和流变学性质的影响.于21±1℃条件下,在室内水族箱内对鲫鱼进行了为期28d的饥饿实验,分别在饥饿开始后的0、7、14、21、28d取样并测定了其血液生理生化指标和全血粘度.结果表明血液中红细胞数和红细胞压积分别在饥饿后7d和14d内显著下降,而白细胞数和红细胞沉降率分别在饥饿后7d和21d内显著上升;鲫鱼血清中的血糖对饥饿特别敏感,在饥饿后7d内明显下降(P＜0.05),此后几周变化不明显(P＞0.05);总蛋白和白蛋白在饥饿后7d内均有所增加,然后下降;谷丙转氨酶活性在饥饿后14d内明显下降,甘油三脂和总胆固醇在饥饿后21d内明显下降;饥饿对鲫鱼血清钙离子浓度和碱性磷酸酶活性没有显著性影响.全血粘度值在饥饿后14d内下降,随后全血粘度值逐渐增加,到饥饿后28d时仍低于正常值.结果提示,饥饿对鲫鱼大部分血液生理生化指标和血液流变学性质有显著性影响.     

根部吸收氟啶虫酰胺在玉米植株中的分布特点及对玉米蚜虫活性效果评价

采用水培营养液施药的方法,评价氟啶虫酰胺在玉米植株内的时空分布规律和对玉米蚜虫的活性效果。结果表明,根部吸收氟啶虫酰胺后,玉米地上部氟啶虫酰胺积累量于药后4~8d达到最大值,之后缓慢减少;根部氟啶虫酰胺持留量在药后1~2d逐渐增加,2~32d相对稳定;从对玉米蚜虫的活性效果来看,氟啶虫酰胺各浓度药后1d即表现出一定的防治效果,防效在23.33%~38.22%,蚜虫蜜露分泌数极显著低于空白对照,随着处理时间的延长,氟啶虫酰胺对蚜虫防治效果逐渐增高,处理后16d,氟啶虫酰胺31.25和125.00mg/L处理的防效分别达88.60%和99.49%,蜜露抑制率分别达96.70%和99.95%,蚜虫蜜露分泌数随着药液处理浓度的提高而逐渐减少,蚜虫蜜露抑制率高于相同时间和相同浓度下的虫口防治效果。因此,氟啶虫酰胺可通过玉米地下部处理防治蚜虫。     

玄武岩纤维喷射混凝土在热害环境下的性能试验研究

以隧道热害问题为背景,通过模型试验、近似模拟湿喷技术、定量分析及微观测试相结合的方法研究不同掺量玄武岩纤维喷射混凝土劈裂强度和粘结强度等力学性能的影响,横向对比标准养护和干热养护下的不同体积掺量的玄武岩纤维混凝土的力学性能,同时也加入硅灰以及钢钎维作为参照,以便从机理程度上提出更有效的解决热害措施。试验研究表明：在混凝土中加入玄武岩纤维,对混凝土起到了增强和阻裂的作用,改善了混凝土的脆性易裂的破坏状况。干热环境下,加入少量的玄武岩纤维能够提高混凝土的力学性能。当玄武岩掺量为0.1%玄+5%硅灰时,喷射混凝土的力学性能最好,加入0.2%玄武岩纤维掺量,也有一定程度的改善。实际隧道施工中,可通过加入适量的玄武岩纤维和适量的硅灰,可降低混凝土在热害环境下的危害。     

Effect of Soil Content on Dynamic Modulus in Filling Sand Subgrade

To analyse the effect of the soil content on dynamic modulus in filling sand subgrade, the portable falling weight deflectometer (PFWD) test and degree of compaction test in field were carried out at first. The relationship of the soil content and the dynamic modulus was analysed as well. Based on the test data, the regression models among the dynamic modulus, degree of compaction, consistency and the soil content were established. Then combining with the out-and-indoor test results, the controlling standard of soil content in filling sand embankment was presented. The results turn out that the soil content in the embankment is 3.0%~5.5%. The dynamic modulus increases with the soil decreasing, and there is a good power function regression between them. There is also a good regression among dynamic modulus, degree of compaction, consistency and soil content. When the soil content is within 10%, the dynamic modulus increases then turn to decrease with the soil content increasing. When soil content is smaller than 3% or larger than 8%, the dynamic modulus are significantly smaller than others. So the controlling standard of soil content in filling sand embankment is recommended at 3%~8%.     

Mechanical and Chloride Diffusion Behavior of Kaolinite Clay Modified Cement-Based Material

The effects of kaolinite clay on the microstructure (pore structure, internal structure) and mechanical properties (workability, early-age and long-term flexural strength, chloride diffusion property) of the cementitious composites were tested. It is shown that the addition of clay improves the micro-pore structure in the cement paste and limits the introduction of chloride ions. As a result, it is suggested that the kaolinite clay would act as both filler and accelerator of cement hydration. Compared with the control specimen, the flexural strength of cement paste with 1% kaolinite clay increased by 30.41%, 39.04%, 36.27% and 38.32% at 1, 3, 7 and 90 curing ages, respectively. The 28-day flexural strength increased slightly. It is observed that the clay modified cement mortar has lower chloride diffusion coefficient values compared to the plain mortar, and the 28-day DCl of cement mortar decreased by 53.03% with 5% clay. Compared with the controlled sample, the increase in compressive strength and the reduction in chloride diffusion coefficient of the concrete with 5% clay addition is 28.4% and 18.87% respectively. The chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete decreases with the amount of clay addition exponentially. The 28-day compressive strength increases linearly with the chloride diffusion coefficient of the concrete.     

Effects of Silane Coupling Agent on Road Performances of Composite Asphalt Mixtures

Aiming at the influence of mastics to aggregate adhesion on the performances of asphalt mixtures, three modeling techniques were adopted to prepare composite asphalt mixtures specimens. The influences of silane coupling agent on their road performances were studied and coupling mechanism was analyzed with Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the road performances at 7 day and 28 day curing age increased in the beginning and then decreased with the increase of silane coupling agent dosages. The road performances, such as freeze thaw splitting strength ratio, Marshall stability and compression modulus would be enhanced 10%~30% at 0.6% in asphalt emulsion mass. There was Si O Si chemical bond on interface between mastics and modified granite aggregate by Si O chemical bond of silane coupling agent. Surface of cement asphalt emulsion mastics was rough and its structure was dense. The cement asphalt emulsion mastics can be adhered to granite aggregate surface and mastics to aggregate interface structure is improved with silane coupling agent addition.     

木质素/皮胶/聚乙烯复合改良剂对风成沙稳定凋萎含水量影响

本研究旨在利用生物质基材料制备风成沙改良剂并研究其对风成沙稳定凋萎含水量的影响,确定改良剂改良效果最佳时各材料最佳掺量。笔者采用4水平3因素正交试验研究了木质素、皮胶、再生低密度聚乙烯对风成沙稳定凋萎含水量的影响。研究结果表明：3种材料制备的改良剂的加入对稳定凋萎含水量的提高具有显著地促进作用,其中皮胶影响达到极显著水平,木质素和聚乙烯影响不显著;皮胶掺量与土壤稳定凋萎含水量之间具有线性相关性,采用逐步分析法得二者间回归方程相关系数0.962。聚乙烯再生料在风成沙中掺量低于15%(wt%)时对风成沙土壤稳定凋萎含水量具有一定促进作用,超过15%时则会使该指标略有下降。木质素、皮胶、聚乙烯再生料在风成沙中添加比例为10%:20%:15%时,风成沙土壤稳定凋萎含水量达到最大值23.72%,改良剂改良效果最佳。该试验结果可为利用生物质材料改善风成沙保水性的研究提供一定的参考价值。     

Influences on Engineering Properties of AS Firming Agent Modified Soil by Freeze-thaw Cycles

To study the freeze-thaw durability of Aught-Set(AS) firming agent modified soil, a series of triaxial tests were conducted. The mutual relationships between stress-strain relationship, static strength, dynamic modulus and critical dynamic stress of AS firming agent modified soil and curing time, freeze-thaw cycles, cooling temperature were deeply analyzed. The results show that the unconfined compressive strength of 7 d is 75% than that of 28 d. The stress-strain curves of AS firming-agent modified soil are strain-softening and in brittle failure shape. The static strength, critical dynamic stress and resilient modulus decrease in exponential form with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, and after 6 cycles of freezing and thawing, the trend is stable. Under the same dynamic stress, the cumulative plastic strain of samples develop from stable state to failure because of freezing and thawing. After many times of freeze-thaw cycles, the lower the negative temperature, the little influence on the mechanic properties.     

玉米堆的压缩弹塑性实验分析

利用LHT-1型粮食回弹模量测定仪对玉米堆在不同条件（预压力,水分）下的无侧向膨胀回弹模量进行了实验测定,分析了不同预压力（0、100kPa、200kPa）、不同水分（13.89%、15.12%、17.71%、18.74%）对玉米堆回弹模量的影响;弹塑性形变之比与预压力的关系以及每次加卸载时塑性形变的变化规律。实验结果表明：同一水分下,玉米堆的回弹模量随着预压力的增大而增大;同一预压力下,随着水分增大,玉米堆的回弹模量减小;第五圈的弹塑性形变之比随预压力的增大而减小;每次加卸载后塑性形变随加载次数的增加而减小。     

Experimental Investigation of Stabilized Soft Soil by New GSC

Soft clay is stabilized by desulphurization gypsum and steel slag-slag blended cementitious materials (GSC), which can not only reuse industrial waste and decrease second pollution, but also can conserve mineral resources and protect natural ecology. The variation of unconfined compressive strength of the clay improved by GSC with different mixing ratios and water-GSC ratio and ages was studied through the laboratory experiments. The long-term strength of stabilized soil is predicted with GSC by quasi-water-GSC ratio. The results show that the more the mixing ratios is, the better the stabilized effect of soft soil is. With increase of curing period, the strength increasing of GSC-soil is consistent with cement-soil, and it has lower strength in the early stage. When mixing ratios of GSC is more than those of cement by 3%, if the water-GSC ratio is less than those of cement, it has the higher strength than cement-soil, after 28 days. The results show that GSC stabilized soil is feasible and it can meet the demand of cure strength.     

Viscoelastic Model Analysis of In-situ Pressuremter Creep Test in Permafrost

In order to investigate the creep behavior of warm and ice-rich frozen soils, a number of pressuremeter tests were carried out in permafrost regions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau with Menard pressuremeter. Then, the regression analysis results of the creep curves generated by Merchant model and relevant parameters were obtained. The test results indicate that the temperature plays a more important role than the water content in affecting the mechanical behavior of warm frozen soils. As pressure increases, the proportion of instantaneous strain in the total strain under each pressure decreases gradually. The regression results show that the instantaneous shear modulus increases linearly with decreasing temperature, but the delayed shear modulus as well as the viscous coefficient present a power function trend. Their peak values appear at the water content of 46%, which is rather different from the test result on lower temperature frozen soils.