考虑剪切变形影响的桩基m法计算理论

考虑桩基的剪切变形影响,利用单广义位移深梁理论,建立了桩基m法的计算方法,导出了水平位移、转角、弯矩和剪力的初参数表达式和无量纲参数函数的统一表达式,根据桩底边界条件建立了初参数解的计算公式;给出了无量纲参数函数随换算深度和弯剪刚度比的变化图形。研究表明,换算深度小于3.0时,弯剪刚度比对无量纲参数函数影响较小,换算深度大于4.0时,弯剪刚度比对无量纲参数函数影响的趋势非常明显,桩基剪切变形的影响程度与桩的边界条件有关。算例结果表明,桩身的剪切变形有增大桩顶水平位移、提高弯矩零点位置、改变弯矩分布特征、扩大桩侧土压力大小等影响。     

水平荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩非线性分析

在综合分析现有水平荷载作用下桩基分析方法的基础上,建立了考虑桩侧土体受力状态的斜坡刚性桩力学模型;根据极限平衡原理,建立横向荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩弯矩和应力平衡方程;引入考虑斜坡影响的p-y曲线方法,提出了综合考虑桩侧土体极限承载力与水平抗力系数沿深度呈线性增加的侧向极限承载力与土体抗力承载力系数计算方法,同时,将该方法应用于计算实例,通过与已有有限元和理论计算方法对比分析,计算结果验证了本文方法的合理性与可行性;并利用该方法,分析了斜坡坡角、桩土接触面系数以及地基水平抗力系数对斜坡刚性桩承载特性的影响因素。分析表明:斜坡的坡角、桩土接触面系数对侧向荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩的荷载位移曲线影响明显,而桩侧土的抗力系数对侧向荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩的荷载位移曲线影响不明显。     

m法下的双曲线型p-y曲线

工程中基桩大多处于复杂的成层地基中,鲜有位于单一土层中,从宏观角度出发,引入初始地基比例系数,提出了基于m法的双曲线型p-y曲线。某现场7根试桩地基土非线性显著,实测和理论计算的地面处桩身水平位移水平荷载关系曲线均呈良好的二次抛物线关系,且理论与实测曲线吻合良好,验证了本文p-y曲线模型。地基土非线性对桩身最大弯矩、桩侧地基土压力影响显著,不容忽略。工程实际中采用m法计算基桩最大弯矩值偏小,建议乘以1.05~1.25的系数,以计入地基土非线性影响。     

剪切变形对基桩P-Δ效应的影响

给出了小剪切变形下的基桩P-Δ效应和大剪切变形下支座P-Δ效应计算的杆单元刚度矩阵方程。假定杆单元弯曲变形位移函数为三次幂函数,剪切变形函数为线性函数,根据有限元法一般原理,推导了一种同时计入竖向力径向剪切分力剪切变形和水平力剪切变形的P-Δ效应杆单元刚度方程,推导了一种仅计入竖向力径向剪切分力剪切变形而忽略水平力剪切变形的P-Δ效应杆单元刚度方程,推导了一种仅计入水平力剪切变形而忽略竖向力径向剪切分力剪切变形的P-Δ效应杆单元刚度方程。计入水平力剪切变形而忽略竖向力径向剪切分力剪切变形的P-Δ效应杆单元可良好的模拟支座在大剪切变形下的偏心工作特性,能实时计入其偏心弯矩影响,为实时计入支座偏心特性的结构动静力分析提供了理论支撑。最后通过自编MATLAB程序进行算例分析,结果表明,计入支座大剪切变下的P-Δ效应后,基桩内力位移和地基土压力均显著增大。基桩自身剪切变形对桩身内力位移和地基土压力影响较小,可以忽略。     

简谐SH波作用下管桩的振动特性

在一维波动模型的基础上得到了简谐SH波作用下桩周土和桩芯土的位移。在三维轴对称的情况下,运用势函数和分离变量法求解了简谐水平集中荷载和SH波引起的管桩桩周土和桩芯土的振动问题,得到了桩周土和桩芯土的径向位移和环向位移。考虑管桩土动力相互作用和管桩土的连续性边界条件对简谐水平集中荷载和SH波作用下管桩的振动进行了研究,得到了管桩桩顶的动力放大因子。通过数值算例分析可知,简谐SH波作用下管桩存在共振现象;管桩管壁过薄宜导致桩基失稳;相同外径情况下采用管桩要比实芯桩的抗震性能更好。     

红层泥岩桩岩接触面本构模型试验及数值模拟

桩-岩（土）接触面力学特性的研究是桩基承载机理研究的基础。通过红层泥岩桩岩接触面大型直剪试验,研究了红层泥岩桩岩接触面的力学特性,结果表明：接触面剪应力先随剪切位移增大而增大,在达到峰值后,剪应力随着剪切位移增大而降低,并最终趋于稳定值,应力应变曲线呈现出应变软化的特征。根据剪切试验结果,推导出桩岩接触面应变软化本构方程。利用fish语言对FLAC^3D中自带的理想弹塑性接触单元进行二次开发,并应用开发的模型对桩岩接触面直剪试验进行了数值模拟,分析剪应力与剪切位移之间的关系,证明了该本构能够较好地模拟接触面间的应变软化特性。     

门架式抗滑桩结构模型试验研究

为了对门架式抗滑桩的结构特性有进一步的认识和提升,进行了门架式抗滑桩三维地质力学模型试验与门架式抗滑桩结构模型试验。通过在桩身内部贴置应变片以及桩身的关键位置处放置千分表,来测量在推力荷载施加过程中,门架式抗滑桩的桩身应力变化特点及关键位置点的位移变化特征。试验结果表明：门架式抗滑桩桩前、后排桩桩顶位移大于滑动面处位移,后排桩桩身位移大于前排桩桩身位移;前、后排桩桩身内力均呈现明显的“s”型分布,桩顶应力不为零,其数值随着推力荷载的增大的而增大。     

塑性铰区采用FRC柱试验研究及正截面承载力分析

采用简化的纤维增强混凝土应力应变关系,根据截面变形的平截面假定和截面力的平衡方程,推导出塑性铰区采用纤维增强混凝土柱在不同极限状态时的曲率。根据各极限状态点曲率,求得截面上各分布力,对截面形心轴取距,到塑性铰区采用FRC柱的开裂、屈服、峰值和极限点的弯矩表达式。与试验结果对比表明,计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

竖向荷载下弹性支承直墙拱反弯点理论分析

在工程实践中,直墙拱应用较多。由于拱脚位移的存在,合理假设拱脚约束为转角约束、竖向约束和水平弹性约束,应用力法推导出了在弯矩、剪力和轴力共同作用下直墙拱沿弧长的弯矩公式。研究了竖向均布荷载、竖向三角形荷载和竖向集中力荷载作用下,直墙拱沿弧长的弯矩分布及反弯点形成的规律;发现在3种荷载作用下,使得拱脚弯矩为零时的圆心角依次减小。取弹簧支座刚度为等效的下端固支、上端允许水平位移的直墙的抗推刚度,得出了随着直墙高度增加,圆弧拱拱顶弯矩增大而拱脚弯矩减小的变化规律。在直墙拱的设计中,建议选取合适的直墙高度和使得圆弧拱拱脚弯矩为零的圆心角大小,从而有利于提高结构抗弯承载力及拱脚抗剪承载力。     

破碎大米入仓过程分级问题理论研究

通过观察粮食在入仓过程中产生的物料自动分级现象,研究了自动分级在矩形筒仓储粮装粮过程中空气阻力带来的影响。根据牛顿第二定律对粮食下落运动时进行受力分析,建立物料入仓到装粮完毕在仓内的运动方程,并且根据物料下落过程中不同的受力情况推导出物料大米垂直落下与水平抛出时位移与时间关系方程。通过理论计算得出物料自由下落时间,随着物料粒径的增大而减小。根据分析,提出有效缓解物料自动分级的措施,减少损失。     

Behavior Analysis of Laterally Loaded Single Pile under Large Deflection

Based on the simplified elastoplastic constitutive model of soil, the calculation method for the laterally loaded single pile with large deflection was submitted. The coefficient of subgrade reaction was presumed to increase linearly with depth, which simulates the soil resistance close to ground well. The relevant program was then developed using FORTRAN language. The examples show that (1)the displacement and bending moment increase nonlinearly when the lateral load and the moment load increase. (2)The pile displacement decreases with depth. (3)The pile displacement at the point which is over ten times pile diameter from ground is so small that can be neglected. (4)The pile head condition is the key factor, which influences the distributions of pile responses along depth. (5)By improving the mechanical properties of soil around pile, the maximum lateral displacement and bending moment can be decreased efficiently. The calculation results are in good agreement with the field test results and are better than those obtained using the pre existing solutions, which shows the presented solutions are reliable.     

Technical Economy Analysis on Selection of Structure About Soldier Pile

Based on silt geological condition, aimed at cantilever pile and pile-anchor, using method of beam on elastic foundation ,through multiple combinations of pile spacing, diameter, embedded-depth at different levels of excavation depth, the impaction is discussed on the greatest displacement, maximum bending moment, the largest shear forces of supporting structure, and in different excavation, bolt locations impact on maximum horizontal displacement, the greatest moment of medial and lateral bending moment, the biggest shear force of pile and the axial force of bolt. By deformation control standards of supporting structure, the law and technically feasible program is found. Then combined with construction method of pile and current quota, technical economy is performed to find the economic plan and give suggestion to the project.     

Longitudinal Vibrations of a Single Pile in Saturated Viscoelastic Soil

Based on Biot's theory, the longitudinal vibrations of a single pile in saturated viscoelastic soil are investigated in the frequency domain subject to the harmonic load. By the Novak plane strain model, the control equations for the saturated viscoelastic soil are derived. Regarding the pile as the one-dimensional rod model, the vibration equation of the pile is established. Based on the continuity conditions of the pile and soil, the dynamic stiffness and dynamic damping of the pile top are obtained. It is compared with the solution for Novak, and the influence of different physical parameters of the pile and soil on the longitudinal vibrations of the soil and pile system is examined. It is shown that the dynamic characteristics of the pile in the dry soil as well as the saturated soil have some differences; the resonance effect of dynamic stiffness factor and equivalent damping is obvious weakening with the increase of the ratio of the length to radius of the pile. The resonance effect and natural frequency are increasing when the modulus ratio of the pile to soil increases; the interaction coefficient of the flow-solid and the damping ratio of soil skeleton have few influences on the responses.     

Dynamic Response Analysis of High-rise Pile Cap-soil-structure under the Wave and Earthquake Action

Finite element software was used to simulate the internal force and deformation of high-rise pile cap-soil-structure under the wave and earthquake action. Meanwhile, wave force was calculated by using Morison equation, and the mechanical behavior of structure was simulated by inputing horizontal El-Centro wave. Then, the initial state and the state of the largest positive and negative acceleration were selected to study the structure according to the time history curve, and the displacement, bending moment, shear and axial force changes of pile foundation under wave and earthquake action were discussed, which was compared and analyzed with the structural response under the action of earthquakes solely. The result shows that the moment of front row of piles is biggest, and the force of pile bolck is the most dangerous; the axial force of the corner piles is the largest, and one of the center piles is the smallest under the action of wave and earthquake. When the wave forces and seismic forces are in the same direction, the displacement, moment, and shear force of pile bolck will be increased, on the contrary, the displacement, moment, and shear force of pile bolck will be decreased.     

An Equivalent Shear Displacement Method of Single Capped Pile in Layered Soil

Based on the interaction of single pile, cap and soil, the load transfer matrixes of single pile and soil were proposed to establish an equivalent shear displacement method of single capped pile in layered soil. With the compatibility of displacement at the interface between the pile and the soil, equilibrium equations of pile and soil could be derived. With the increase of the total load on the pile cap, the lateral friction at the interface of the pile and the soil becomes so large that the occurrence of the sliding takes place. While there is little sliding at the interface between the soil under cap and the soil outside of the cap because of the less lateral friction, which gives rives to less settlement of the soil outside of the cap. Eventually, the results of the finite element method, existing theoretical method and the model tests were compared with those from the analytical method and were found to be in good agreement. The increase of the ratio of length to diameter does not infinitely enlarge the overall stiffness of the single capped pile, because the pile cap would afford part of the loading all the time.     

Stability Behavior of Shuttle-Shaped Steel Lattice Columns With Bending Moment

The stability behavior of shuttle-shaped steel lattice columns subject to combined axial force and bending moment was examined through elastic buckling analysis and geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis. Firstly, the concept of section stiffness variation ratio is proposed for shuttle-shaped lattice columns and the elastic buckling behavior is discussed. Then, the effect of bending moment on the stability behavior of lattice columns is investigated, with the emphasis on the development of axial stress, bending stress and shear stress. The influence of column component spacing and diaphragm thickness on the stability bearing capacity is also analyzed. It is shown that the elastic buckling mode of the lattice column is dependent on its section stiffness variation ratio; for lattice columns with C-shaped buckling mode, the reduction in stability bearing capacity caused by bending moment is smaller than that of columns with S-shaped buckling mode; the maximum stability bearing capacity of the lattice column can be achieved by adjusting the column component spacing, and the spacing corresponding to the maximum capacity is basically consistent with the critical spacing for transformation of C-shaped buckling mode and S-shaped mode; and it is more effective to increase the thickness of columns with S-shaped buckling mode to get larger bearing capacity.     

Determination of Pile-Soil Parameters for Steel Pipe Pile Subjected to Lateral Load

In this paper,in terms of the measured data(including the deflection and slope at the ground surface of the pile,the maximum bending moment and its position),the biparameter method is used to analyze the pile-soil parameters.Two examples show that the method in present paper is reasonable and reliable,and it provides the reference value for the engineering design.