水压力环境中混凝土经历循环荷载后的抗压强度

研究了水压力环境中混凝土在经历循环荷载后的动态压缩强度,分析了水压力和循环次数对混凝土强度的影响。试验应变速率为10^-5/s、10^-4/s、10^-3/s和10^-2/s,水压为0~10 MPa。试验结果表明,在不同水压力下饱和混凝土的强度都随应变速率提高而增加,也随水压力提高呈增加地趋势。在相同水压力下,应变速率越高,混凝土强度提高越显著。饱和混凝土经过循环荷载后,其强度随荷载循环次数的增加呈现出先提高后降低的现象。应变速率越高,混凝土强度最大时所对应的荷载循环次数也相应增加。还构建了饱和混凝土强度与应变速率、水压力的关系,其与试验数据吻合较好。进一步引入了管道孔隙模型,并基于汞压法的原理和孔隙分布特点,考虑混凝土孔隙的微观结构解释了孔隙水对混凝土强度的作用机理。     

Bond properties of CFRP-high performance concrete subjected to freeze-thaw cycles

通过双面剪切试验,研究了冻融环境下CFRP-高性能混凝土界面粘结性能的发展规律。对比分析了未经冻融和经历25、50、100、150、200及300次冻融循环作用试件的破坏特征、剪应变分布、荷载滑移曲线、粘结承载力以及粘结破坏机理。结果表明,所有试件的界面破坏均发生在混凝土表层内,但随着冻融循环次数的增加,破坏界面有向胶层发展的趋势;经受冻融循环次数较少时(25、50次),界面的粘结强度、刚度及开裂荷载的变化不明显,甚至略微提高;但随着冻融循环次数的进一步增加,界面粘结性能有明显的变化,界面粘结强度、端部滑移量减小,刚度退化,初始开裂荷载水平降低,非线性特征增强。粘结极限承载力与混凝土立方体抗压强度均随冻融循环次数的增长存在先提高后下降的趋势,混凝土强度变化是界面粘结性能变化的最重要因素。     

冻融环境下钢筋与粉煤灰混凝土的粘结性能

通过对内贴应变片钢筋的直接拔出试验,分析冻融作用下粉煤灰掺量对钢筋与粉煤灰混凝土间粘结性能的影响,得出冻融循环作用对钢筋与粉煤灰混凝土之间粘结性能的影响规律。试验结果表明：钢筋与粉煤灰混凝土的粘结强度随粉煤灰掺量的增加而降低;当粉煤灰掺量一定时,随着冻融循环次数的增加,混凝土强度有所下降,钢筋与粉煤灰混凝土间极限粘结强度降低;当粉煤灰掺量较大,达到40%时,随冻融次数的增加,钢筋粉煤灰混凝土试件极限粘结强度的下降幅度明显减缓,极限粘结强度对应的滑移量增大。表明掺入较多粉煤灰可使试件的冻融损伤现象得到缓解,冻融环境下钢筋混凝土的粘结性能得到提高。     

河道淤泥气泡混合土微观构造及力学性质相关性

基于河道淤泥气泡混合土(FMLSS)的微观构造特征,通过微观构造观察和分析,评价了FMLSS的强度特性和破坏机理。试验结果表明,保持FMLSS含水量一定,随着气泡掺入量的增加,FMLSS的内部平均等效孔径和气孔面积百分比含量呈线性增大趋势、而随着水泥掺入量的增加呈减小趋势;随着气泡掺入量的增加,FMLSS的气孔大小分布的均匀性降低,气孔平均等效孔径增大。试验结果还表明,FMLSS的强度发挥及破坏机理与FMLSS的气孔分布的均匀性以及等效孔径等微观构造参数存在明显的相关性。     

新疆西域砾岩抗剪强度现场直剪试验研究

西域砾岩物质成分复杂、胶结差、强度低、易风化。为了研究西域砾岩的力学特性,为天山经济带内相关工程的开发建设与地质环境防灾减灾提供支撑,本文以奎屯河右岸山前西域砾岩为研究对象,开展现场直剪试验,根据试验结果可得：西域砾岩抗剪强度参数内摩擦角范围值在25.2°～37.3°,粘聚力0.48～1.45 MPa;西域砾岩抗剪强度由砾石颗粒间的摩擦力以及由胶结物和水膜的分子引力所产生的粘聚力共同组成,西域砾岩高程越低埋深越大,胶结程度越好,粘聚力越高;西域砾岩直剪破坏的破坏面呈凹陷状,起伏差为±4 cm,破坏为颗粒间绕粒破坏,基本无巨粒颗粒的剪断。     

非线性Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则下边坡可靠度上限

传统边坡可靠度分析往往在岩土参数服从线性Mohr-Coulomb（简称线性M-C）破坏准则的假设条件下进行,并且常常采用极限平衡法或有限元法计算安全系数。然而,岩土介质破坏准则具有一定的非线性。为能更加实际地描述岩土破坏机理和得到严格精确的解,基于非线性Mohr-Coulomb（简称非线性M-C）破坏准则,结合极限分析上限法和蒙特卡洛法,进行边坡可靠度上限分析。当非线性参数m=1时,与等效的线性M-C破坏准则进行对比计算,验证了方法的可行性。同时,将初始粘聚力、内摩擦角arctan（c₀/σ_t）和非线性参数作为随机变量且服从截断正态分布,进行了参数变异性和敏感性影响分析。研究表明：非线性M-C破坏准则下,边坡可靠度随初始粘聚力、内摩擦角arctan（c₀/σ_t）和非线性参数变异性的增大而减小;边坡可靠度随初始粘聚力和内摩擦角arctan（c₀/σ_t）的增大而增大,随非线性参数的增大而减小。     

云南省彝良县天麻连作根际土壤细菌群落分析

基于天麻产业的抬升式发展,连作障碍卡脖子问题逐渐凸现,天麻根际微生物区系平衡遭破坏,可能是导致连作障碍原因之一。本研究为探明不同连作茬数对天麻根际土壤细菌群落结构及多样性的影响,于云南省昭通市彝良县采集未种植天麻的土壤(cha001)、种植1茬(cha002)、种植2茬(cha003)的天麻根际土壤,采用高通量测序技术测定土壤细菌群落组成。试验共获得细菌有效序列1245904条,细菌总OTU 2068个,种植2茬天麻土壤OTU数目最多,为1746,且细菌群落丰度（ACE指数1619.98、Chao1指数1643.94）及多样性（Shannon指数8.82）最高;ACE指数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数随连作次数增加呈升高趋势,Simpson指数无显著差异(P<0.05)。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)为连作天麻根际土壤中优势菌门,变形菌门和酸杆菌门物种丰度随连作次数增加呈升高趋势,而绿弯菌门物种则相反,呈降低趋势。优势菌纲为酸杆菌纲(Acidobacteria)、变形菌纲(Alphapro...     

冻融损伤喷射混凝土本构关系及微观结构

采用棱柱体试件,通过快速冻融试验方法,对冻融损伤后同配合比普通混凝土、喷射混凝土及钢纤维喷射混凝土单轴受压应力应变全曲线进行研究。对应力应变关系中相关参数进行回归分析,得出冻融循环后试件应力应变全曲线方程。结果表明：随着冻融循环次数增加,受压应力应变曲线趋于扁平;峰值应力降低,峰值应变增大,分别与冻融循环次数呈线性和指数变化。与普通混凝土相比,喷射混凝土峰值应力下降速率小,而钢纤维喷射混凝土的下降速率进一步减小。而后,采用扫描电子显微镜及压汞法,对损伤后试件微观结构和孔结构进行观察分析,发现随着冻融循环次数增加,在渗透压和冻胀压力综合作用下,试件内部微裂纹及气孔增多,孔径增大,试件密实度显著降低;而钢纤维喷射混凝土中仅出现少量连通毛细孔,这与宏观力学性能变化呈现一致性。     

降雨入渗对宁南山区黄土梯田边坡稳定性的影响

为了研究降雨入渗对宁南山区黄土梯田边坡稳定性的影响。采用ABAQUS软件建立降雨入渗下的宁南山区黄土梯田边坡稳定性有限元模型,研究了水平梯田、隔坡梯田、原始边坡（对照）3种边坡类型,在降雨入渗强度(28~38 mm/h)和边坡坡度(15°—30°)下的破坏时间和安全系数的变化规律。结果表明:降雨入渗下,黄土梯田边坡的破坏时间随降雨入渗强度的增大而减小,且呈幂函数关系,水平梯田的破坏时间显著高于隔坡梯田和原始边坡;安全系数也随降雨入渗强度的增大而减小,但呈线性关系,水平梯田的安全系数与隔坡梯田和原始边坡并无显著差异。降雨条件下,修筑梯田能增加浅层梯田边坡的稳定性,而对于深层梯田边坡的稳定性影响不大。     

异位发酵床垫料的直剪切及压缩试验研究

为研究不同含水率的条件下异位发酵床垫料:抗剪强度、黏聚力、内摩擦系数、压缩载荷的变化规律.本研究采用土壤力学试验方法,测定垫料五种不同含水率的相关参数.结果表明:当垫料含水率为29.22％～36.13％时,抗剪强度、内摩擦角系数会随着含水率的增大而增大;当含水率为45.55％～61.11％时,抗剪强度、内摩擦角系数会随...     

Stress Corrosion of Concrete Exposed to the Action of Freezing-thawing Cycles

Through the method of accelerated freezing-thawing and room-temperature corrosion, the stress corrosion of three kinds of concretes subjected to 5.0%MgSO4(in mass)solution was studied. The considered concretes include High Strength Concrete(HSC), High-Volume Mineral Admixture Concrete(HVMAC) and High Durable Concrete(HDC) added with high-volume mineral admixture, air-entraining agent, superplasticizer, fibers and expansion agent. The results showed that the relative dynamic elastic modulus of concrete went through strengthen and deterioration stages subjected to stress corrosion, whether the room temperature or freezing and thawing conditions. The length of time of these two stages are closely related with the experimental temperature. Freezing and thawing action significantly accelerated the process of sulphate stress corrosion damage. Under the action of freezing and thawing, stress corrosion strengthening the period length of HSC shorter 96%, deterioration section of the length of time shorter 88%, compared with the length of time at the corresponding room temperature. Deterioration section of the length of time of HVMAC is reduced by 98%, while the HDC reduced by 71%. The effect of freezing and thawing, HDC freezing-thawing cycles when the stress corrosion damage occurred were longer 1.5 times and 13 times than the HSC and HVMAC. Thus in the cold regions, HDC showed more resistance to sulfate stress corrosion.     

Experimental Research on Concrete Strength under Freeze-thaw Recycle Action with Ultra-low Temperature

The concrete structure has been used in low and ultra-low temperature environment. But few researches are experienced on its properties under freeze-thaw recycles with ultra-low temperature. Based on the standard for test methods of long-term performance and durability of ordinary concrete, considering the influence of the times and minimum temperature of recycles, water-cement ratio and the external environment humidity, compressive and tensile strength of cubic concrete and scanning electron microscopy on the residual sample are experimented to explore the impact of freezing and thawing cycles under ultra-low temperature on its strength and microstructure. The results show that the role of cryogenic temperature for freeze-thaw cycles has a greater effect on concrete performance. With the temperature decreasing and water-cement ratio increasing, the damage tends to grow up. Consistent with the results of the strength tests, electron microscopy tests show that the pore size of mortar increases and the material becomes looser.     

改良冷冻法测定梨果实的石细胞含量

为了提高梨石细胞的提取效率,以黄金梨和茌梨的果实为试材,在冷冻提取方法的基础上,通过设置不同的冷冻时间和冻融次数来研究其对梨石细胞提取效果的影响。结果表明：所有处理中以处理（1）(3 h+3 h+3 h)反复冻融处理的提取效果最好,石细胞提取的量随着冻融次数的增加而增加,说明增加冻融次数有利于梨果实石细胞的提取;在冻融次数相同时,每次冷冻时间满足3 h后,再增加冷冻时间对提取效果影响不大。冷冻法提取石细胞效果与冻融次数密切相关,在满足基本的冷冻时间后,增加冻融次数可以显著提高梨石细胞的提取率。     

Three-dimensional Random Damage Prediction Model of Concrete Caused by Freeze-thaw

In order to effectively assess the damage of concrete in freeze-thaw condition, prediction model for concrete frost damage is presented based on damage mechanical theory and the experimental test. The degeneration of tension strength of air-entraining concrete is tested after freezing and thawing. Provided with the fact that the degeneration of concrete is an interior damage evolving process, freezing and thawing damage accumulation of concrete is analyzed based on the discrete grid with probability of stochastic method. And Three-dimensional multi-parameters Weibull distribution model about concrete damage evolutions is presented. Parameters are estimated based on gradient method, and the mathematical model is verified according to the tested data. Corresponding algorithm is designed and programming is completed by C + + programming language to establish concrete durability prediction model under freeze-thaw conditions. It is indicated that the damage of concrete develops in nonlinear way as the freezing and thawing increases.     

Influences on Engineering Properties of AS Firming Agent Modified Soil by Freeze-thaw Cycles

To study the freeze-thaw durability of Aught-Set(AS) firming agent modified soil, a series of triaxial tests were conducted. The mutual relationships between stress-strain relationship, static strength, dynamic modulus and critical dynamic stress of AS firming agent modified soil and curing time, freeze-thaw cycles, cooling temperature were deeply analyzed. The results show that the unconfined compressive strength of 7 d is 75% than that of 28 d. The stress-strain curves of AS firming-agent modified soil are strain-softening and in brittle failure shape. The static strength, critical dynamic stress and resilient modulus decrease in exponential form with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, and after 6 cycles of freezing and thawing, the trend is stable. Under the same dynamic stress, the cumulative plastic strain of samples develop from stable state to failure because of freezing and thawing. After many times of freeze-thaw cycles, the lower the negative temperature, the little influence on the mechanic properties.     

季节性冻融期不同地下水位埋深下土壤温度变化特征

土壤温度是土壤热状况的综合表征指标,影响土壤养分分布和冬春季节作物生长发育。以山西省水文水资源勘测局太谷均衡实验站为试验基地,对冻融期4种不同地下水位埋深下的土壤温度进行了分析研究。结果表明：在地下水浅埋区,冻融期地温的变化滞后气温变化,且滞后时间随土壤深度的增加而增大。12月初-2月下旬,地下水位为1．0m埋深的土壤温度较高;消融期地下水位为1．5m埋深下的土壤温度迅速回升。而0．5m埋深下的土壤温度较低且回升较慢;同一地下水埋深下,随着土壤深度的增加。剖面温度增高。50cm深度之下的土壤温度受地下水位埋深的影响较弱。研究成果可为冬春作物播种、预防冻害提供参考依据。     

冻融作用对土壤氮转化影响的研究进展

氮素是限制植物生长的重要营养元素之一,其在土壤中转化程度受多种因素影响,作为中、高纬度或高海拔地区土壤氮转化的重要驱动力,冻融作用对于土壤氮转化过程也存在极大影响。本文基于国内外已有研究成果,概述了土壤冻融循环次数、结冻持续时间以及结冻强度对于土壤氮转化过程的影响。总结出冻融格局的改变对土壤氮转化关系的一般规律：随着冻融格局的改变,均有利于土壤氮的矿化;冻融强度的增加可显著提高土壤硝态氮的含量;冻融格局的改变也会提高N₂O的排放。     

污水环境对水泥土力学性能的影响试验研究

由于多数地下水泥土工程直接与地下腐蚀性介质环境接触,必将导致水泥土材料的逐步劣化甚至失效破坏。以某市区工地附近明渠排放的污水作为侵蚀性介质,制作了不同水泥掺量的水泥土试件,通过对比试验,研究了污水环境和清水环境下不同水泥掺量、不同龄期的水泥土抗压强度和抗剪强度。结果表明,在污水或清水环境下,相同水泥掺量水泥土30 d龄期的抗压强度几乎相等,随着龄期的增加其抗压强度均逐步增大,但污水环境下其抗压强度增长的幅度明显小于清水环境,90 d后清水环境的水泥土抗压强度不再增长,而污水环境的抗压强度开始降低;污水环境和清水环境下的水泥土内摩擦角和黏聚力随龄期、水泥掺量的增加均逐步增大,污水环境下龄期90 d后的内摩擦角和黏聚力均开始降低。     

冻融损伤对再生混凝土耐久性及与钢筋粘结性能分析

制作掺入引气剂和未掺入引气剂的100%粗骨料取代率的再生混凝土RC1和RC2两组试件以及掺入引气剂和未掺入引气剂的普通混凝土NC1和NC2两组试件,并分别对经过不同次数冻融循环试件的抗压强度、质量损失率、动弹性模量损失率进行研究。结果表明,冻融后各组试件的抗压强度、质量损失率及动弹性模量损失率均降低,对于添加引气剂的NC1和RC1两组试件损失较小,其中RC1组试件在200次冻融后抗压强度损失接近40%,质量损失率达0.5%,动弹性模量损失率38.5%。100%取代率并加入引气剂的ZRC组试件冻融后进行中心拨出实验,发生劈裂破坏和钢筋拔出破坏2种形式。再生粗骨料混凝土与钢筋的极限粘结应力均随冻融次数的增加而降低,200次冻融后极限粘结应力下降33.5,荷载滑移曲线既有上升段也有下降段。