红花羟基黄色素A动态积累规律及热稳定性研究

研究红花花丝羟基黄素色A (HSYA)动态积累规律和HSYA的热稳定性,为红花生产和应用提供了技术支持和理论支撑。以‘延津’红花和‘原阳’红花为研究材料,采用高效液相色谱技术分析红花花丝不同发育时期的HSYA含量以及不同温度和时间对HSYA制剂和花丝HSYA含量的影响。结果表明：HSYA在花蕾形成时期就开始产生并积累,在开花后第3 天,其含量到达平台期。HSYA制剂含量随着保存温度(50~100℃)增加而呈直线下降;在保存温度一定的条件下,随着保存时间(30~120 min)的增加也呈现直线下降的趋势。红花花丝在50℃烘干条件下,以烘干时间为240 min 时花丝HSYA含量最高;在70℃烘干条件下,以烘干时间为90 min 时花丝HSYA含量最高。红花花丝在100~140℃的烘干条 件下,HSYA含量呈直线下降;在烘干温度一定的条件下,HSYA含量随着烘干时间(30~240 min)的增加均呈现直线下降的趋势。因此,红花采摘以花后第3 天为最好,花丝烘干可以采用40~50℃烘干,而红花制剂在生产过程中尽量避免采用高温浓缩技术。     

玉米种子与脱粒部件碰撞过程中的接触力学分析

为进一步分析脱粒过程中玉米种子机械应力裂纹的产生机理,为新式种用脱粒机的研制提供理论支持,运用赫兹理论和材料力学分析了玉米种子产生机械脱粒损伤的临界速度,分析了脱粒部件与玉米种子的力学接触过程,并进一步比较了不同脱粒部件与玉米种子的碰撞过程。研究发现：玉米种子与脱粒部件相互接触时的相对运动速度大于V_z时,玉米种子将产生机械应力裂纹,甚至破碎;钉齿和板齿及其上不同部位对玉米种子的力学作用效果存在明显差异;玉米种子与脱粒部件的接触面积越大,受到的打击力就越大,且钉齿对玉米种子的打击力大于板齿的打击力。     

苹果片气体射流冲击干燥工艺的优化

采用一种新型的气体射流冲击干燥技术,对切片厚度6～8mm的苹果片进行了干燥试验研究。在喷嘴直径为16mm,喷嘴气流速度为16.8m/s的条件下,得出苹果片气体射流冲击干燥处理的最佳工艺参数为:喷嘴出口气体温度70℃,喷嘴与苹果片最佳距离120mm,干燥盒宽度为200mm,物料堆积高度为35mm。     

地铁用间接蒸发冷却器换热性能影响因素

为解决地铁站冷却塔设置难题,提出了一种采用低速电机驱动旋转布水装置的间接蒸发冷却器,在两种布置方式下,对其换热性能进行了单因素实验,并运用正交实验法对较优布置方式下影响换热器换热的因素进行了分析。结果表明：两种布置方式下,喷嘴与蒸发冷却器的间距、两组换热管束间距均存在最佳值,喷嘴双侧旋转布水优于单侧旋转布水;换热器平行气流布置且喷嘴双侧旋转布水为较优布置方式,此时,换热器换热量随喷水量、转速、空气速度、冷却水进口温度的增加以及喷水温度、空气温度的降低而增大,其中,冷却水进口温度对换热器换热影响最为显著,其他因素对其换热的影响从主到次顺序为：喷水量、空气温度、空气速度、喷水温度、转速、冷却水流量。     

扦插时间和植物生长调节剂对银叶树插条生根的影响

比较了不同扦插季节、植物生长调节剂的种类及浓度对银叶树(Leucadendron cv. Inca Gold)扦插生根包括插条生根率、所生不定根长度及数量的影响,结果表明：在昆明地区有大棚设施的扦插条件下,12月份插条的平均生根率最高;外源激素的种类及浓度对插条生根率、不定根长度及数量的影响各不相同。吲哚丁酸（IBA）能显著促进银叶树的插条生根,明显提高插条所生不定根的长度并在一定程度上增加不定根的数量,且其促进作用随浓度的增加而增大。奈乙酸（NAA）也能在一定程度上促进银叶树的插条生根、提高插条所生不定根的质量,但效果并不显著。12月份采种质圃中生长旺盛的半木质化枝条作插条,并用IBA3000-4000ppm的溶液进行浸泡1-2分钟是处理银叶树插条的最佳方法,扦插后平均生根率可达86.67%,插条的平均根长可达5cm,不定根数量可达15条。     

汕优63不割叶制种配套栽培技术

盐城市杂交稻制种一直采用割叶的办法,以缩短叶片长度,减少花粉传播障碍,增加母本受粉机会,提高异交结实率。但割叶同时也带来一些弊端:一是抽穗减慢,包颈加重,扬花分散,港浆受阻,同时造成激素使用效果下降;二是人为制造大量伤口,增加病菌侵入机会,加重后期叶病,加速叶片枯死。上述问题的存在,制约着制种单产和效益的进一步提高。     

贮藏条件对油茶籽品质指标的影响规律研究

研究了不同贮藏条件对油茶籽关键品质指标的影响规律。结果表明,稳定的低温有利于含油率的保持和酸价(AV)的稳定,特别是对于含油率,在10℃以下低温贮藏增益效果显著,但对过氧化值(POV)稳定性的影响并不显著。同一空间内,编织袋包装对含油率的助益作用最大,编织袋与真空包装对AV稳定性均有助益,但不显著;自然堆放不利于含油率的保持且显著加速AV上升速度;真空包装对POV稳定性有一定助益作用。避光贮藏有利于仁含油保持,自然光照贮藏会显著加速油茶籽中油脂酸败。因此,选择15℃左右恒定温度,以编织袋包装,避光贮藏油茶籽是一种更有利于油茶籽品质稳定性且符合实际操作需求的方法。     

不同叶面肥对西瓜生长影响试验初报

西瓜进入伸蔓期后,生长速度加快,对养分的需求量增加,植株地上部营养器官进入一个新的快速生长阶段。此期叶面积增量要占一生中最大面积的57%以上,主侧蔓之长度增量分别占其终值的68.93%和63.16%。由此可见,本时期是奠定植株营养体系的主要时期,栽培上此期要适当的加速茎叶的生长,迅速形成面积大,光合强度高的营养体系,为果实的形成和生长奠定物质基础。     

基于改进的 AlexNet 卷积神经网络的植物叶片识别

针对多类植物叶片识别准确率和计算效率低问题,通过残差连接卷积层,构建了一种基于残差连接的Alexnet卷积神经网络。对卷积层的输入数据进行批归一化,进而加速网络的收敛速度。利用两种不同的全局池化算法既能减少特征图数目又能提高算法识别植物叶片的准确性和计算效率。对于不同种类植物叶片,实验验证残差连接的Alexnet卷积神经网络能够进行高效识别。     

寒地早粳稻秆部性状与产量关系的研究

针对寒地特殊的生态环境,以180份不同基因型早粳稻为材料,较系统地探讨了秆部性状与产量及产量构成因素之间的相互关系。研究表明:在节间长度配置上,在一定范围之内,控制倒3节间长度、增加倒1、倒2节间的长度有利于提高产量,并且对倒1、倒3节间长的选择是最为有效的。在节间粗度配置上,在保证倒1节间粗的基础上,增加其下部节间的粗度有利于高产。增加基因型的基部节间重、单位茎鞘长干重、单株干重是有利于高产的。适当增加株高和秆长来提高生物产量可能是今后水稻超高产育种的发展方向。在进行茎部性状综合评价时,基部节间重、倒2节间粗、单位秆长干重和穗颈节长4个因子就足以代表12个茎部性状的全部信息量。     

Theoretically Investigation of Dynamic Characteristics of Spherical Bubble Collapse in Pulsed Abrasive Water Jet

This paper theoretically investigates the characteristics of cavitating bubbles in the pulsed abrasive water jet(PAWJ) and establishes the dynamic equations of cavitating bubbles. The effects of abrasive diameter and density on the spherical bubble collapse are also analyzed. It is found that the change of abrasive diameter rarely affects the bubble collapse when the abrasive diameter and density are small whereas the smaller abrasive greatly blocks the bubble collapse when the abrasive diameter and density are comparably big. It is also shown that when the abrasive density is increased, the fluid viscosity rises, and the kinetic energy of the abrasives near the collapsed bubble is enhanced and meanwhile the intensity of cavitating erosion is weakened.     

Effect of Main Parameters on Cutting of the Pulsed Abrasive Water Jet

The relationship between abrasive concentration, length of oscillating chamber, standoff distance and cutting depth, erosion rate as well as cutting specific energy was investigated by experiments in the submerge and surface conditions. The cutting and erosion capabilities of the pre-mixed abrasive water jet and the pulsed abrasive water jet were analyzed in contrast. It is shown that the maximum cutting depth and erosion rate of the pulsed abrasive water jet are respectively 1.67,1.72 and 1.39, 1.47 than the pre-mixed abrasive water jet in submerge and surface conditions. These results attained from the research are useful to increase the cutting efficiency, decrease the energy ratio and expand the application domains of the abrasive water jet.     

Mechanism and application of protection againstoutburst for abrasive water jet slotting technology

Aiming at the status quote of long time for methane extraction and slow speed for laneway excavating in coal seams of Liziya south 2JHJ well, abrasive water jet slotting technology is adopted to improve the methane desorption and increase excavating speed in semi-coal laneway. Through analyzing damage model and protection against outburst mechanism, the process of Coal-Rock Mass being cut and fractured is studied. Through lab test on abrasive water jet cutting coal-bed gangue, a new abrasive water jet cutting device is successfully designed and made and all parameters are determined. It is showed that abrasive water jet can cut through a coal-bed gangue with thickness 60~80 mm and uniaxial compressive strength 62 MPa. After cutting coal seams by abrasive water jet, the surface area for methane is enlarged and then coal seams pressure fell rapidly. Therefore the permeability and desorption of coal seams are greatly increased. The results are as follows: the average productivity of single-hole was enhanced by 2.83 times.     

Analysis of the Kinetic Theory of Submerged Abrasive Water Jets

Abrasive water jets can incise objects with strong rigidity under water. The analytical means of kinetic theory is optimal for theoretical problems of submerged abrasive water jets. The flow characteristics in submerged abrasive water jets were analyzed based on kinetic theory for multiphase flows. The impact characteristics of every phase in submerged abrasive water jets was analyzed and continuity and momentum equations subsequently were developed for solid, gas and liquids in submerged abrasive water jets. It is shown that if the distributing function of every phase were given, the law of its movement could be ascertained.     

Study on Hydrokinetics of the Unsubmerged Premixed Abrasive Water Jet

A mono-liquid model is established according to formative character of the premixed abrasive water jet. The hydraulic structure is analyzed by the model. The relationship that is obtained between the axial shaft line velocity and the forget distance by the law of conservation of momentum is verified with the experiment.     

The Grey Related Degree Analysis of the Cutting for the Premixed Abrasive Water Jet

The cutting property is studied with the grey theory and method for the premixed abrasive water jet.The relationship between the primary and secondary is obtained about the cutting specific energy influenced by pressure,the standoff distance,the abrasive concentration and transverse velocity.The guidance is provided for further research and pratical application.     

Experimental analysis of the abrasive belt follow-up grinding of Zirconium-4 alloys tubes and pipes

Abrasive belt grinding experiments of Zr-4 nuclear power tube are carried out by using three different abrasive belts with same size, and the interactive generating mechanism between abrasive and workpiece is analyzed, the main factors of material removal rate and surface roughness of Zr-4 alloys are obtained. With the help of the advanced test facilities, the abrasive grain abrasion and surface topography of the workpiece are observed. The metallographic structure and microhardness of the layer of burnt surface during Zr-4 alloys Grinding are analyzed. Some conclusions are given as follows: the material removal rate and surface roughness are mainly affected by the factors of belt speed, grinding pressure, hardness of the contact wheel and abrasive type, of which, the belt speed is the strongest factor. The adhesion wear of the Zirconium corundum and aluminium oxide abrasive grit is more serious, the most important wear form of silicon carbide is abrasion wear. With the onset of grinding burn, the mechanical properties of Zr-4 alloys are deteriorated obviously. The results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for technical optimization in the grinding of Zr-4 alloys with efficiency and high quality.     

Investigation on Abrasive Belt Grinding of Stainless Steel

The stainless steel has excellent properties, but it is difficult-to-grind material. Because belt grinding shows many advantages, grinding experiments with four kinds of abrasive grain on stainless steel are carried out. The correlation mechanism between the abrasive grits and the workpiece, and influence factors on material removal rate are discussed. A scanning electric microscope was used to investigate the surface micro-shape characteristics of abrasive grit and workface. The material removal mechanism and the wearing types of abrasive belt are also analyzed.     

AN ACCELERATION SEARCH METHOD FOR UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN MODEL PARAMETER ESTIMATION

In order to improve the convergence rate of the algorithms, an acceleration search method along a straight or curve is proposed,and the specific calculation steps of the algorithms are presented. The numerical results in model parameter estimation show that the convergence rate is improved and the calculation accords with the practical demands.     

Numerical simulation on low calorific value coal-bed gascombustor and structural design optimization

This paper conducts the full size three-dimensional combustion numerical simulation study on the low-calorific value coal bed gas combustor. It explors the effects of different ratios of swirling wind and straight wind on flow field,temperature field and concentration field when this combustor combusts coal bed gas which methane volume concentration is 30 percent. The optimal ratio of swirling wind and straight wind is gained. Based on this,the number and obliquity of cyclone vane in gas pipeline are further optimized. The results show that when ratio of straight wind is 80 percent and ratio of swirling wind is 20 percent,the good jet flow rigidity is not only possessed,but also the strong spin momentum is brought. Reverse axial velocity grads and reverse velocity in central backflow region are also big,the burning temperature and combustion efficiency are high,and high-temperature region is diffusely distributed. When the number and obliquity of cyclone vane are respective 6 and 60,the mass fraction of methane descends quickly,the mass fraction of methane is low in outlet of combustion region,and the combustion efficiency is high.