花生MAPK基因的筛选和盐胁迫分析

促有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)在植物生长发育及抗逆胁迫过程中发挥重要作用。为了解花生中MAPK基因的情况,利用RNA测序技术对花生耐盐突变体(S2)和对照(S4)进行了转录组分析,筛选出了14个MAPK基因,位于花生野生种基因组A组的6条染色体上。聚类分析表明,花生14个MAPK基因中13个可以聚到已报道的4个亚类中。利用花生S2和S4构建了盐胁迫处理前后的表达谱,根据调整后的P值,筛选出6个MAPK基因在S2和(或)S4受盐胁迫诱导表达,分别属于A(1个)和D亚类(5个)。为花生MAPK基因的功能验证和利用奠定了基础。     

品种稳定性评价方法的比较和分析

本文利用1962～1964年黄淮冬麦区区域试验17个环境,6个品种的资料分析了所选取的9种不同的评价品种稳定性方法。每种方法都可以得出一种品种稳定性序列。然后比较9种不同方法的结果以及与品种实际推广情况的差异,同时从理论上分析它们的优劣。结果表明这些方法在确定品种稳定性方面作用相似。回归法较非回归法精确。在回归中,     

8种耐盐植物与脱硫石膏对河套灌区盐碱土水稳定性团聚体的影响

为了探究种植不同耐盐植物配合施用脱硫石膏对河套灌区盐碱土水稳定性团聚体的影响,本研究在内蒙古河套灌区硫酸盐盐碱土上种植8种典型的耐盐植物,配合施用脱硫石膏,比较种植前后土壤水稳定性团聚体特征,以期筛选出适宜的耐盐植物。结果表明,种植耐盐植物后,<0.01 mm团聚体质量分数降低了44%~65%,而>0.25 mm和0.25~0.053 mm团聚体显著增加了95%~203%和21%~66%,0.053~0.01 mm团聚体质量分数没有发生显著的变化;各级团聚体有机碳和全氮显著提高,尤其是>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体,有机碳和全氮含量分别增加了13%~90%和75%~179%。不同耐盐植物存在明显的差异,其中多年生豆科植物的效果更为明显。>0.25 mm和0.25~0.053 mm团聚体质量分数与土壤pH、EC值、Na⁺、Mg²⁺、SO₄^2-和Cl^-含量呈显著的负相关关系,但与有机碳和全氮含量呈极显著的正相关关系,而<0.01 mm团聚体质量分数则与之相反。可见,盐分离子决定小团聚体,而大团聚体取决于有机质含量,种植耐盐植物由于降低盐分含量,同时提高有机质含量,从而促进盐碱土矿质土粒团聚作用,形成较大的水稳定性团聚体,多年生耐盐植物柳枝稷、紫花苜蓿、草木犀等效果更好,可有效地改良本地区盐碱土。     

盐胁迫下金花菜和紫花苜蓿试管苗的转录组分析及其耐盐基因筛选

为筛选金花菜和紫花苜蓿的耐盐基因,本研究以盐胁迫下的金花菜(JHC)和紫花苜蓿(ZHMX)试管苗为试验材料进行转录组分析。结果表明：金花菜组和紫花苜蓿组差异基因数为26722,金花菜组vs紫花苜蓿组有15850个基因下调,有10872个基因上调。金花菜组和紫花苜蓿组差异基因KEGG富集显著的Pathways有核糖体、光合作用天线蛋白、糖酵解/糖异生、光合作用、苯丙烷生物合成等。金花菜组耐盐基因有碱性亮氨酸拉链43、NAC转录因子47、ABC转运A家族成员7、晚期胚胎发生丰富蛋白2、乙烯反应转录因子ERF110等基因;紫花苜蓿组耐盐基因有WRKY转录因子、蛋白TIFY 8、转录因子MYB13、核运输因子2A、低温盐响应蛋白等基因。本试验结果可为了解金花菜和紫花苜蓿的耐盐分子机制及选育金花菜和紫花苜蓿耐盐新品种提供理论依据。     

应用AMMI模型分析评判贵州省马铃薯区试品种的稳定性和适应性

利用AMMI模型及双标图对2008～2009年贵州省马铃薯区域试验的产量数据进行分析,评价各参试品种的稳定性和适应性。结果表明,丰产、稳产、适应性广的优良品种(系)是B01-31-9和9902-4,适宜在贵州省推广种植。     

基于DUS测试的标准品种形态性状稳定性和重要性分析

为了进一步提高水稻品种特异性(Distinctness)、一致性(Uniformity)和稳定性(Stability)(简称DUS)测试的准确性,以水稻DUS测试指南中列出的49份水稻标准品种为材料,应用AMMI模型对水稻品种50个DUS测试性状进行了稳定性分析,并采用随机森林算法对测试性状的重要性进行了评价。结果表明,不同性状的稳定性差异较大,以质量性状和假质量性状为主的目测性状稳定性高,而以数量性状为主的量测性状稳定性较低。不同性状的重要性参数差异甚大,总体上,以数量形式表示的量测性状的重要性参数较大,而以分级代码表示的目测性状重要性参数相对较小。对于茎节包露、穗类型、穗立形状、外颖茸毛和叶茸毛等稳定性较低、重要性参数不高的性状,可从水稻DUS测试指南中去除;对成熟期、抽穗期等稳定性较低但在生产实践中很重要的农艺性状,宜安排在申请者所在地参试点测试,使其表达状态真实表现;或者采用标准品种进行校正,从而提高测试的准确性。     

北部冬麦区冬小麦区试品种（系）的稳定性和适应性分析

为客观准确地评价区域试验中北部冬麦区冬小麦新品种（系）的丰产性和稳产性,以2014-2015年度国家北部冬麦区水地组冬小麦品种（系）区域试验产量数据为资料,应用AMMI模型对小区产量的基因型、环境和基因型与环境（G×E）互作进行了研究。结果表明,稳定性最好的为农大3486、京农12-79,较好的有科遗4174、长6794、中麦93,较差的为航麦109、晋太102、众信7198;试点以天津武清、山西榆次、新疆阿拉尔、河北遵化、山西屯玉分辨力较高,河北固安、河北滦县、北京顺义、北京昌平分辨力较低。在对区域试验中品种（系）稳定性和试点的分辨力进行判定时,综合使用双标图和稳定性参数两种方法,既直观又准确。     

杂种小麦和纯系品种产量及品质性状的稳定性分析

用 Eberhart & Russell 模式和 Shukla 方法,比较分析了14个 T 型冬小麦 F_1杂种和10个纯系(亲本)品种在5个不同地点的产量和品质性状的稳定性。结果表明,所有性状都存在显著的基因型×环境互作。在基因型×环境互作的模式与性质上,杂种和纯系品种都主要表现为非线性响应。杂种小麦的产量表现比纯系品种更为稳定,但在蛋白质含     

济麦20面团流变学特性和面包加工品质稳定性及与蛋白质组分的关系分析

以优质强筋小麦新品种济麦20在2005—2006年度山东省及天津24个地点的样品为材料,分析了磨粉品质、面团流变学特性和面包品质,并用反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）和凝胶色谱法（SE-HPLC）对其贮藏蛋白组分进行了量化。结果表明,济麦20的多数品质指标较稳定,面包品质较好,体积较大,仅籽粒硬度、形成时间、稳定时间和面包颈高的变异系数较大。容重、蛋白质含量和籽粒硬度是影响面团流变学特性和面包加工品质变异的重要因素,籽粒硬度与拉伸面积和最大抗延阻力的相关系数分别为0.53（P<0.01）和0.47（P<0.05）,籽粒蛋白质含量与吸水率、形成时间和延伸性的相关系数分别为0.46（P<0.05）、0.71（P<0.001）和0.77（P<0.001）。容重和籽粒硬度与面包总分极显著和显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.62（P<0.01）和0.50（P<0.05）;籽粒蛋白质含量与面包体积极显著正相关（r=0.55,P<0.01）。贮藏蛋白组分含量显著影响面团流变学特性,谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白、SDS可溶性谷蛋白聚合体、HMW-GS以及LMW-GS含量与面团形成时间和延伸性极显著正相关（r=0.55~0.79,P<0.01或P<0.001）,高分子量与低分子量谷蛋白亚基含量比例（HMW/LMW）与面团延伸性呈显著正相关（r=0.46,P<0.05）。HMW-GS含量和HMW/LMW与面包体积均极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.66和0.64（P<0.001）,SDS不溶性谷蛋白聚合体百分含量与面包结构和总分极显著和显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.53（P<0.01）和0.48（P<0.05）。上述信息对理解和改良小麦品质的稳定性有重要意义。     

Similar experiments of the flow field in cavity construction period of underground energy storage

A similar model experimental platform of flow field in construction period of salt caverns is established based on the similar theory of “selected laws of physics”. The movement rule of flow field in cavity construction period is analyzed by systematic experiments with staining. It finds that the brine migration in reverse circulation of cavity construction can be divided into 6 role zones: buoyant plume zone, convection diffusion zone, buffer diffusion zone, saturated precipitation zone, border dissolution zone and waterfall flow zone. The increase of water injection flow rate accelerates its influence scope and spread speed, but the brine’s movement trend cannot be changed. The change of tube pitch and its spatial location changes the influence scope of water injection flow. Promoting the tube pitch makes the influence scope of fresh water upward, which accelerates the dissolution of upper salt rock. Interlayer changes not only the state of water injection flow, but also the state of boundary mass flow. The more the number of sandwich, the more complex the motion state and the concentration distribution of brine are. With the expansion of the cavity, the relative influence scope of the injection flow and the boundary mass flow become small, and injection water flow’s influence scope gradually goes upward.     

Numerical Simulation Research on Stabilityof Dissolving Cavityfor the Low-depth-thin-layer Rock Salt

In order to extend life of salt well, avoid sinking and use the formed cavity reasonably, the factors of effecton cavity stability must be researched during the process of water mining of rock salt, so that the effective prevention measures can be put. The stability of dissolving cavity for the low depth thin layer rock salt has been researched by the ADINA non linear finite element method.The results show that the stability of dissolving cavity obviously becomes strengthened with the decrease of its height, and has a decreasing trendas with the span increase of the cavity . The effect of incidence on stability of the cavity is very little. The stability of cylindroid cavity is higher than that of converse taper cavity. The assorted model is a kind of transition shape. The influencing order of cavity stability is the ffollows, height>geometrical shape>span>incidence.     

Experiment analysis on dissolution characteristics of rock salt on the effect of triaxial stress

Rock salt underground storage is an important way of energy reserves. The research of rock salt dissolution characteristics under triaxial stress provides theoretical basis for shape control,security building of rock salt underground storage in the process of making aqueous cavity. The dissolution characteristics of rock salt specimens experiment with triaxial testing machine under triaxial stress,through a lot of rock salt dissolution tests,finds that dissolution characteristics of rock salt change remarkably under stress. Analyzing the relationship between the stress of rock salt specimen with the water hole and sample external axial compression or confining pressure,equivalent stress is adopted to describe the stress distribution of the running water hole wall. Triaxial stress and dissolution coupling experiment on the different confining pressure is carried out to analysis the variation between rock salt dissolution rate and equivalent stress under different confining pressures. The results show that rock salt dissolution rate decreases first and then rapid increases with the increase of equivalent stress. The main impact of the stress for rock salt dissolution rate is that cracks development and corrosion area in rock salt specimen are changed because of the triaxial stress loading. Dissolution rate reduces as a result of corrosion area decreasing (crack closure) in the elastic stage,however dissolution rate increases because of corrosion area increasing (crack development) in the plastic stage.     

Analysis of salt rock underground deposit failure probability in operation period based on response surface method

For the safety of salt rock underground deposit, uncertainties and their influences are considered, and failure probability during operation period is analyzed. Based on finite element model, equation of limit state surface is transformed into explicit equation by response surface method. Combined with Monte Carlo method, computation efficiency is improved. The deposit could be simulated as a series-parallel system. The element with highest failure probability is determined first, then failure mode and system reliability are computed. Taking Jintan underground gas deposit as an example, the analysis indicates that as storage pressure increases, failure probability of middle part of deposit decreases firstly, then increases gradually when storage pressure accumulates to a certain extent. The failure probabilities of upper part and underside of deposit increase as storage pressure increases. During operation period, controlled failure mode is shear failure of upper part and underside of deposit under high storage pressure. In conclusion, the storage pressure during operation period should be controlled strictly.     

花生资源耐盐性的鉴定与评价

为筛选耐盐花生种质并为花生遗传基础研究提供材料,本研究选用相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对发芽指数和盐害率为指标,以0.5%的NaCl为胁迫浓度,对128份花生种质进行芽期耐盐性鉴定。结果表明,盐胁迫对花生种子萌发有显著的抑制作用,但盐胁迫的抑制效应因种质不同而存在明显差异;128份种质中,高耐盐种质仅占5%左右。在耐盐评价指标方面,除盐害率或相对发芽率以外,相对发芽指数可以作为评价指标之一。此外,盐胁迫条件下,地方品种的发芽速度高于育成品种。本研究筛选出JS011、JS024、JS125、JS491、JS523、JS524、JS525等7份高度耐盐种质可用于花生耐盐性基础研究的材料。     

Comparison of salt tolerance of GPert and non-GPert barleys

A salt tolerance experiment was performed to study the effect of the GPert mutation in different genetic backgrounds of spring barley, Hordeum vulgare. L. Twenty-one lines carrying GPert along with 20 related non-GPert lines were grown for 4 weeks in low salt (25 mol m^?3 NaCI) and salt stress (175 mol m^?3 NaCI) hydroponic cultures. Shoot Na⁺ content was taken as a measure of salt tolerance. Salt tolerance of the two groups (GPert versus non-GPert) was compared, as was the performance of individual GPert lines with their non-GPert parental lines. The results show that GPert has a general positive effect on salt tolerance in reducing shoot Na⁺ content, but that this is regulated by genetic background.     

盐胁迫对燕麦叶片生理指标和差异蛋白组学的影响

为探讨盐胁迫对燕麦叶片生理指标及蛋白组的影响,对燕麦进行6d盐胁迫(摩尔浓度NaCl∶Na_2SO_4=1∶1)处理,测定CK与盐胁迫燕麦叶片MDA含量,SOD、POD活性与游离脯氨酸含量,并运用Label-Free技术分析叶片差异表达蛋白质。结果表明,盐胁迫下燕麦叶片MDA含量、SOD、POD活性分别较对照降低了16.7%、23.4%和21.2%,游离脯氨酸较对照升高1.12%;满足P-value≤0.05, ratio2的差异蛋白76个(51个蛋白上调表达, 25个蛋白下调表达);通过GO注释得到27个差异蛋白显著富集16个代谢路径,其中氧化还原过程为33.9%,level3统计富集的生物学过程有氧气结合和氧化还原酶活性;运用KEGG注释得到22个差异蛋白显著富集10个生化代谢途径,主要表现在内质网中的蛋白质加工、长寿调节途径、抗原处理和呈现、雌激素信号通路4个过程;STRING蛋白质互作网络显示21个差异蛋白中涉及翻译后修饰、蛋白质周转、分子伴侣功能的有10个,且HSP70(F2DYT5)和HSP90(F4Y589)可能在盐胁迫燕麦幼苗的调控中发挥重要作用。     

五星形桩与圆桩水平承载性能对比模型试验研究

五星形桩是一种横截面异形桩,是在圆桩的基础上向内切割5个圆弧,形成截面类似五星形的异形桩。按其截面性质分为周长最大化五星形桩F₁、周长面积比最大化五星形桩F₂两种桩型,为掌握五星形桩的水平承载性能进行了与圆桩的对比模型试验研究。试验用土为干砂,砂雨法土样制作,模型桩为预制钢筋混凝土桩,相似比为1∶8。模型试验桩包括：五星形桩F₁、五星形桩F₂、与五星形桩F₂截面周长相同的圆桩C₁、与五星形桩F₂截面面积相同的圆桩C₂。由于五星形桩水平承载性能具有方向性,试验采用理论计算中水平承载力最大的方向施加水平荷载,试验结果表明：F₁、C₁和F₂的水平极限承载力相当,但F₂的截面面积最小,仅为C₁的0.44倍;与C₂相比,F₂的水平极限承载力是其1.63倍,可见,合理截面形式的五星形桩可以提供更大的水平承载能力;五星形桩与圆桩弯矩分布规律基本一致,都在4倍直径左右（五星形桩为外接圆直径）达到最大,但五星形桩截面面积小,抗弯刚度不足,容易折断,总体水平承载性能不及截面周长相同的圆形桩,但优于截面面积相同的圆形桩。     

绿豆种质资源苗期耐盐性鉴定及耐盐种质筛选

土壤盐渍化已成为影响中国农业生产的重要问题,筛选耐盐绿豆种质资源对于盐渍化土地利用具有重要意义。本研究对346份国内外绿豆种质苗期用150 mmol L–1 NaCl进行胁迫处理,测定了株高、地上部鲜重、根鲜重、地上部干重、根干重、根长、根体积等12个指标,采用主成分分析和隶属函数分析、耐盐性综合评价分析及聚类分析对各样本的耐盐性进行了综合评价和归类,并采用逐步回归分析建立了耐盐性预测回归方程。结果表明,处理组与对照组各性状评价指标存在极显著差异,且12个指标的耐盐系数间均存在着不同程度的相关性。结合盐害症状等级划分与耐盐性综合评价结果,筛选到苗期高耐盐(1级)绿豆26份,耐盐(3级)绿豆65份,对盐分敏感(7级)绿豆74份,对盐分极敏感(9级)绿豆18份。其中来自江西的C04125、菲律宾的C06310等10份耐盐能力最强,可作为绿豆耐盐育种的优异种质资源。地上部鲜重、根鲜重、根干重、根长、根体积和根分枝数可以作为绿豆苗期耐盐性评价指标。     

甘蓝型油菜耐盐和耐旱相关性状的QTL分析

盐胁迫和干旱胁迫是非生物胁迫中影响作物产量的重要因素,检测与耐盐和耐旱相关的QTL,可为抗逆油菜品种的选育提供理论依据。本研究利用德国冬性甘蓝型油菜Express和中国半冬性甘蓝型油菜SWU07为亲本构建的包含261个株系的双单倍体(doubled haploid, DH)群体,分别以1.2%NaCl溶液和20%PEG-6000溶液作为培养液模拟盐胁迫和干旱胁迫,去离子水为对照,对2个亲本和DH群体进行发芽试验。播种后7 d测定幼苗根长、鲜重及发芽率,计算各性状在盐胁迫和干旱胁迫下的相对值,并作为评价耐盐和耐旱的指标。根据已构建的遗传连锁图谱进行QTL定位。盐胁迫下,在3次重复中共检测到与盐胁迫相关的QTL12个,分布在A02、A03、A05、A09、C01和C09染色体上,单个QTL可解释的表型变异为3.61%～10.59%,其中5个QTL在不同的重复中被检测到。干旱胁迫下,共检测到与干旱胁迫相关的QTL 9个,分布在A01、A02、A03、A05、A09、A10和C03染色体上,单个QTL可解释的表型变异为3.94%～12.90%,其中2个QTL在不同的重复中被检测到。此外,在A0...