枯草芽孢杆菌防治甜菜褐斑病田间试验

1000亿活芽孢/g枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂防治甜菜褐斑病田间试验结果表明,在甜菜褐斑病发病初期施药,225g/hm2连施3次,间隔7~10d,对甜菜褐斑病有良好的防治效果。对甜菜生长安全,是防治甜菜褐斑病的理想药     

油菜内生枯草芽孢杆菌BY-2抗油菜菌核病菌有效成分的鉴定和分离提纯

油菜内生枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)BY-2产生2种类型的抗真菌物质，一种是挥发性的de物质，可以有效地抑制油菜菌核病菌的生长；另一种是分泌到培养液中的物质。重点研究第二类抗菌物质的提取和纯化分析方法。试验证明BY-2 产生和积累高效抑制油菜菌核病菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)de Bary）生长的细胞外分泌型物质，其发酵上清液与油菜菌核病菌对峙培养形成了2.8 cm的抑菌圈；采用离心收集发酵液上清液、调节酸性条件、甲醇溶解和Sephadex G25葡聚糖凝胶柱层析等方法，可以沉淀、萃取收集和纯化该物质，而且收集率高、活性强、纯度高。     

枯草芽孢杆菌防治草莓白粉病的田间试验

草莓白粉病是琼海草莓生产中的常发性主要病害,严重影响草莓的生产。琼海草莓种植期间低温、高湿气候情况频发,有利于草莓白粉病的发生。通过不同配方组合发现：枯草芽孢杆菌按4 050 g/hm2用量单独使用,预防草莓白粉病防效达92.09%,发病后混合化学药剂露娜森做治疗,具有防效快、持效期长等优点。     

枯草芽孢杆菌B215生物学特性及对香蕉枯萎病的生防效果评价

在室内测定菌株B215对香蕉枯萎病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发都有良好抑制效果的基础上,优化拮抗菌株的最佳培养条件为:在NA培养基上,装液量为50mL/500mL,最适初始pH值为7.0～7.5,初始接菌量为1%,培养温度为28℃,以便更好地应用于田间试验。以此培养条件为依据,开展拮抗菌株的盆栽小苗实验,选用正交试验L8(27)设计,得出菌株B215对香蕉枯萎病菌的最佳防效组合为:在小苗定植前,用活菌培养液750mL/株浸根,可以降低小区香蕉枯萎病发病率。进一步试验验证结果显示:盆栽试验B215对Foc的防效为62.95%。     

枯草芽孢杆菌防治大豆菌核病效果初报

本文应用枯草芽孢杆菌ZH-2菌株的发酵菌剂,在桦南县进行了生防菌剂防治大豆菌核病的田间防效试验,结果表明生防菌剂100倍稀释液浸种和喷洒处理对大豆菌核病的田间防效达67.9%。     

枯草芽胞杆菌Tu-100对几种作物的促生效果

盆栽试验结果表明,枯草芽胞杆菌Tu-100对油菜、小麦、辣椒、西瓜、大豆和玉米苗期有不同的促生效果,在植物干重上分别比对照增加9.47%、1.37%、2.27%、19.23%、9.21%和6.67%.对水稻的盆栽产量增加12.82%.对大豆的结瘤数和鲜瘤重呈现负增长.植物促生根际细菌对不同的作物保持着不同的亲和性.     

枯草芽孢杆菌1000亿芽孢/g可湿性粉剂防治稻瘟病药效试验

在水稻的拔节期、始穗期、齐穗期分别施用不同剂量的生物药剂枯草芽孢杆菌1 000亿芽孢/g可湿性粉剂,可有效控制稻瘟病的发生,促进水稻增产。同时,应根据水稻稻瘟病实际发生情况选择不同的药剂处理,以降低防治成本,达到节本增效的目的。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对茶树的增产效果试验

为了探明枯草芽孢杆菌对茶树的增产效果,采用芽叶称重的方法比较研究了各处理的增产效果.试验结果表明,1000亿活芽孢/克枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂(WG)A、B型600倍液对茶树的增产效果均极显著地高于清水对照,该药剂适宜作为叶面肥在茶园大面积推广应用.     

克枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂防治水稻稻瘟病试验总结

通过试验,观测不同剂量下的芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂对水稻稻瘟病的防治效果,结果表明:生物药剂克枯草芽孢杆菌对稻瘟病的防治效果及对产量的影响已经达到化学药剂的防治标准,但对于已发病的治疗效果不是很理想。克枯草芽孢杆菌在盘锦地区的常用量以10 g/667 m~2较理想。     

枯草芽孢杆菌防治稻瘟病、纹枯病药效试验总结

通过应用枯草芽孢杆菌与使百克在防治水稻稻瘟病、纹枯病的对比试验,结果表明:在水稻叶瘟、穗颈瘟发病初期各喷施一次枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂,对叶瘟、纹枯病的防治可达到78.1%和62.1%。其防效均高于使百克处理,并且安全性好,秋后测产各项经济性状均有提高,增产幅度可达到10%。     

枯草芽胞杆菌在油菜根茎叶的定殖动态和生防作用研究

采用常规方法跟踪枯草芽胞杆菌Tu-100在缩影系统油菜根际的定殖情况。Tu-100在油菜不同根段部位的定殖密度从上到下呈现了逐渐递减的规律。随着接种后时间的延长而逐渐下降。在根段8cm以外的根区几乎检测不到接种菌。在油菜播种后3d,定殖密度可达最高水平（8.3×105 个/g）,然后急速下降,30d后保持相对稳定的较低水平（1.3×102 个/g）。 在油菜三片真叶时喷雾接种一次,20d后,在茎和叶上不能检测到所接种的Tu-100,并且抗菌核病的能力也逐渐减弱。     

Antifungal effect of Pimenta dioica essential oil against dangerous pathogenic and toxinogenic fungi

Essential oils from 25 species of medicinal plants were tested as mycelial growth inhibitors against six important pathogenic and toxinogenic fungal species. An agar dilution method was used for determination of the inhibitory effect namely on Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium verticillioides, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium brevicompactum, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus. All essential oils used in our experiment evidently affected growth of these fungi. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated in the case of five essential oils showing the most significant antifungal activity. The superior antifungal activity was finally proved on the base of MIC values in the case of Pimenta dioica. The chemical composition of P. dioica essential oil was determined by means of GC–MS analysis.     

培养条件对枯草芽胞杆菌TU100生长和产生抗菌物质的影响

以在油菜根际高效定殖的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)TU100为材料,研究其主要抗菌物质的代谢条件。证明其主要拮抗物质属胞外分泌型,释放到培养液中,对油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)具有较高的抑制活性。TU100在28-30℃生长旺盛,产抗菌物质也较多;培养48h数量达最大值,培养72h抗菌物质的产生量达高峰。培养液的初始pH值6-8有利于TU100增殖,抗菌物质活性也最强;通气良好的条件下TU100菌株生长好、产抗菌物质量多;培养基C/N比对菌株生长也有重要影响,C/N比为15时有利于TU100生长以及抗菌物质的积累。     

Antifungal activity in vitro of Aloe vera pulp and liquid fraction against plant pathogenic fungi

The leaf pulp of Aloe vera, designated as the gel, and the bitter, yellow liquid fraction have been tested against pathogens (bacteria and fungi) affecting human and plants. However, their activity for fungal control in commercial industrial crops has not been determined. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Aloe pulp and liquid fraction on the mycelial growth of three phytopathogenic fungi and to determine the extract concentrations that can inhibit mycelial development. A. vera leaves were cut from plants grown under greenhouse conditions at the University Antonio Narro, disinfected with sodium hypochlorite, and separated in two groups. In the first group, the pulp was manually scraped out; in the second, a laboratory roll processor was used for the pulp and liquid fraction separation. Both types of extracts were pasteurized. Antifungal activity of pulp and liquid fraction was evaluated on the mycellium development of Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Colletotrichum coccodes that were isolated from a potato crop by the hyphae point and monosporic techniques. The concentrations of the plant extract ranged from 0 to 10⁵ μl l⁻¹. Fungal plugs 0.4 mm in diameter were placed in Petri dishes with a potato–dextrose–agar (PDA) culture media, and treated with various concentrations of pulp or liquid fraction. The cultures were incubated at 24±2 °C and the radial growth of mycelia measured daily for 7 days. The antifungal effect was measured under a totally random design with four replications. The results showed an inhibitory effect of the pulp of A. Vera on F. oxysporum at 10⁴ μl l⁻¹ and over a long period. For the two types of Aloe fractions the activities were similar. Besides the liquid fraction reduced the rate of colony growth at a concentration of 10⁵ μl 1⁻¹ in R. solani, F. oxysporum, and C. coccodes. This is the first report of any Aloe liquid fraction activity against plant pathogenic fungi.     

Antifungal activity of liquid waste obtained from the detoxification of steam-exploded plant biomass against plant pathogenic fungi

The antifungal activity of steam-exploded liquid waste (SELW) produced by the detoxification of steam-exploded biomass of Miscanthus sinensis, Arundo donax and wheat straw for 2nd generation industrial bioethanol production was studied against plant pathogenic fungi for the first time. Quantification of fermentation inhibitors (2-furaldehyde, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, acetic and formic acid) was carried out by standard methods. Mycelial growth inhibition and conidial germination of eight fungal strains [Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, Cladosporium fulvum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis (FOM), F. solani f. sp. pisi and Verticillium dahliae] were evaluated in vitro at different dilution rates (1:2, 1:4 and 1:8) for each SELW. Disease suppressiveness was assessed in vivo in eight horticultural pathosystems (A. alternata/tomato, B. cinerea/tomato, C. acutatum/strawberry, C. fulvum/tomato, FOL/tomato, FOM/melon, F. solani f. sp. pisi/pea and V. dahliae/eggplant) under greenhouse conditions. Pathogen suppression by each SELW, applied both in spray form on to tomato leaves and skins of tomato and strawberry, and by means of dipping method in watering suspensions on to seedling root systems of tomato, melon, pea and eggplant, was evaluated at dilution rates of 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8 using irrigation water during curative and preventive treatments. Investigations carried out in vitro showed that M. sinensis SELW was more suppressive than wheat straw SELW, and A. donax SELW was less suppressive than wheat straw SELW at the lowest dilution rates. Relationships between the concentration of 2-furaldehyde, acetic and formic acid present in SELWs and their antifungal effect were found. Moreover, B. cinerea, C. fulvum, V. dahliae, A. alternata, C. acutatum and F. solani f. sp. pisi were more effectively inhibited than FOL and FOM. Investigations performed in vivo showed that SELWs of M. sinensis and wheat straw can be diluted at a 1:2 rate and used for controlling six fungal diseases during preventive treatments. In particular, they can be used by dipping of the root systems during transplanting in the case of F. solani f. sp. pisi/pea and V. dahliae/eggplant; on the other hand, they can be nebulized on to the leaves and fruits before symptoms appearance in the case of A. alternata/tomato, B. cinerea/tomato, C. acutatum/strawberry and C. fulvum/tomato. This study is of particular interest because it points out how these SELWs could be employed in horticultural crop protection in Southern Italy, thereby making it possible to effectively combine industrial production of 2nd generation biofuels with sustainable horticulture under greenhouse conditions.     

植物萃取液对病原细菌、真菌的抑制作用

使用平板测定方法,试验443种植物萃取液对4种植物病原细菌(稻白叶枯菌、柑橘溃疡菌、烟青枯菌和白菜软腐菌)和6种植物病原真菌(稻纹枯菌、棉花枯萎菌、黄瓜枯萎菌、烟炭疽菌、小麦赤霉菌和稻瘟菌)的抑制作用.有60种植物萃取液对供试的4种细菌中的1种有抑制作用,46种植物萃取液对供试的3种植物病原真菌(稻纹枯菌、烟炭疽菌与稻瘟菌)中的1种有抑制作用.     

纳豆菌固定化材料优化的研究

为获得固定化纳豆菌材料,以海藻酸钠(SA)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为包埋材料,采用固定化细胞技术对纳豆菌生产纳豆激酶进行了研究.结果表明:在PVA中加入SA进行细胞包埋可获得渗透性能好强度高的固定化细胞.通过正交试验进一步确定,当PVA的浓度为9%、SA的浓度为1%、硼酸的浓度为5%、CaCl2的浓度为6%时,固定化细胞的强度最好,采用摇床培养可连续发酵使用6次,活性也很高,产生的纳豆激酶酶活溶纤圈直径积达87.69 mm2·15μL-1.     

磁处理水对枯草芽孢杆菌生长的影响试验

采用分光光度法、平板菌落计数法,研究不同磁场强度的磁处理水对枯草芽孢杆菌生长的影响。结果表明,磁场强度为0.05 T磁处理水对枯草芽孢杆菌生长有一定促进作用(P＜0.01); 0.10﹑0.25 T的磁处理水对枯草芽孢杆菌的生长有非常明显的抑制作用(P＜0.01);0.08 T的磁处理水对枯草芽孢杆菌的生长没有影响(P＞0.05)。磁处理水对枯草芽孢杆菌的生长具有一定影响,其生长情况与磁场强度有关。