推进超市生鲜肉品质量的提升

我国现阶段超市生鲜肉品质量喜中有忧。近几年来，超市生鲜肉品销售发展迅速。超市肉品质量与农贸市场肉品相比已有较大的提高，来源单纯，具备品牌，清洁包装，在百姓心中已有较好的口碑。但是超市肉品质量与国外发达国家同类肉品相比，仅在销售形式上得到改善，而肉品内在质量上与社会农     

硒和维生素E协同添加对肉鸡肉品质量的影响

近年来，随着人们生活水平的提高，对肉品的品质也要求越来越高。肉品质量主要由肉品的理化性质决定，肉品的化学成分与其营养价值关系密切；肉品的物理指标如颜色、持水性、嫩度和多汁性等直接影响消费者对肉品的接受程度。     

以科学发展观加强肉品销售管理的必要性

当前各地为保障肉品安全，相继推出一系列措施，包括实行肉品品牌销售制度。品牌销售有利于消费者有目的的选择消费，也有利于扩大社会影响和不断提高品牌商的质量意识而确保肉品质量安全，因此其积极意义显而易见。但肉品安全涉及的因素很多，要从科学发展观的角度思考，肉品安全必须抓关键环节。当前肉品销售需要在以下几方面加以完善和提高，避免出现偏差。     

维生素E与肉品质量(上)

在肉品的生产、加工和销售过程中，氧化反应对肉品品质的影响很大。氧化反应导致肉品中的脂肪发生变质酸败，并使肉品中的肌红蛋白发生褐变；氧化反应还可破坏饲料中和动物体内的叶黄素，使鸡的皮肤黄度降低。维生素Ｅ是一种天然抗氧化剂，日粮中添加高水平的维生素Ｅ不仅可以提高畜禽的生产性能，还可提高动物活体和屠宰后屠体的抗氧化水平，从而提高肉品的质量。     

维生素E与肉品质量（上）

在肉品的生产、加工和销售过程中，氧化反应对肉品品质的影响很大、氧化反应导致肉品中的脂肪发生变质酸败，并使肉品中的肌红蛋白发生褐变，氧化反应还可破坏饲料中和动物体内的叶黄素，使鸡的皮肤黄度降低。维生素Ｅ是一种天然抗氧化剂，日粮中添加高水平的维生素Ｅ不仅可以提高畜禽的生产性能，还可提高动物活体和屠宰后屠体的抗氧化水平，从而提高肉品的质量。     

加强宰杀前后管理 提高肉品质量

加强畜禽宰杀前后的管理,目的是提高肉品质量,保护肉食消费者的健康,提高肉品的食用价值。从肉品卫生的角度讲,肉品质量通常包括肉品的安全质量、卫生质量、食用质量及贮存质量四方面。如何进行宰前活畜及宰后肉品的科学管理,直接关系到肉品质量的优劣。     

宰后畜禽肌肉组织生化变化及其对肉质的影响

近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高,对畜禽肉的品质要求愈来愈高,这就要求肉品工作者不断深入地研究影响肉品质量的因素,提高肉品的质量.     

在动物屠宰加工企业建构肉品质量安全的坚固防线

肉品质量安全问题是近年来社会各界广泛关注但远没有解决好的问题。动物屠宰加工企业居于肉品生产流通的中间环节，在保障肉品质量安全方面负有重大责任和义务，是控制肉品质量安全的关键性环节之一。畜牧兽医部门应当加强对动物屠宰环节的肉品质量安全监管，在动物屠宰加工企业建构起保障肉品质量安全的坚固防线。     

超市生鲜肉的品质探析

超市肉品的质量安全既直接关系到企业的经济效益 ,又与人民群众身体健康息息相关 ,还影响到肉品在超市销售的发展速度与扩张规模。生鲜猪肉产品应对入世和适应消费需求可以先从超市这个平台取得突破(一)分析我国现阶级超市生鲜肉品质量喜中有忧。近几年来 ,超市生鲜肉品销售发展迅速。超市肉品质量与农贸市场肉品相比已有较大的提高 ,来源单纯 ,具备品牌 ,清洁包装 ,在百姓心中已有较好的口碑。但是超市肉品质量与国外发达国家同类肉品相比 ,仅在销售形式上得到改善 ,而肉品内在质量上与社会农贸市场肉品并无本质区别 ,超市肉类产品质量仍存…     

基层生猪定点屠宰场肉品卫生检疫质量控制策略研究

随着经济不断发展,国家多基层生猪定点屠宰场管理给予了高度重视,以不断提高猪肉的质量和食用安全性,充分发挥卫生检疫部门的监管作用,真正保障人们的生活质量和肉品安全。本文就生猪定点屠宰环节、肉品卫生质量、检疫人员素质、生猪运输与销售等多个方面,对基层生猪定点屠宰场肉品卫生检疫质量的提高策略进行全面分析,以全面提高基层生猪定点屠宰场肉品卫生检疫质量,为社会和谐、稳定发展提供重要支持。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein