肉食兽细小病毒核酸探针的制备及其初步应用研究

将提纯的貂肠炎病毒(MEV)中间复制型DNA(RF-DNA),以HinaⅡ酶切,回收0.7kbC片段并克隆至质粒pBR322中,构成重组质粒pBM,经转化大肠杆菌RRⅠ并扩增后,提纯pBM,酶切电泳回收克隆的C片段,以[α-32P]dATP标记C片段和pBM,用光生物素标记pBM,分别制成放射性同位素和光生物素核酸探针。采用打点杂交技术检测了5种肉食兽细小病毒的细胞培养物和非细小病毒科5种病毒的细胞培养物,同时检测了貂和犬的粪便样品33份。结果表明,32P标记的C片段和pBM探针与光生物素际记的pBM探针均具有相同的杂交特异性,与5种肉食兽细小病毒及感染细小病毒的貂、犬粪样呈杂交阳性反应,与其他科病毒及健貂、犬粪样呈阴性。同位素32P和光生物素标记探针分别检出1 pg和10 pg貂肠炎病毒RF-DNA,敏感性比血凝试验分别离100倍和10倍。     

家鸭、媒鸭和野鸭mtDNA D-loop区的遗传变异

旨在从mtDNA水平探讨我国家鸭的遗传多样性及家鸭与野鸭间的亲缘关系.运用DNA测序方法,测定了不同地域、水域和表型性状的9种家鸭(北京鸭、高邮鸭、巢湖鸭、绍兴鸭、连城白鸭、吉安红毛鸭、文登黑鸭、云南麻鸭、建昌鸭)80个个体、4种媒鸭(西湖野鸭、钱江野鸭、枞阳媒鸭、媒头鸭)26个个体和斑嘴鸭8个个体,共计114个个体的mtDNA D-loop区667 bp序列.9种家鸭单倍型多样度和核苷酸多样度分别为0.250 00～0.607 14和0.000 38～0.001 18;9种家鸭、媒鸭、绿头鸭和斑嘴鸭之间的遗传距离为0.001～0.015;39种单倍型系统发生树和单倍型网络关系图表明,9种家鸭主要属于A1亚簇(绿头鸭单倍型簇).我国家鸭遗传多样性中等丰富,母系起源主要是绿头鸭,极少量个体含有斑嘴鸭血统.     

Esophagostomy Feeding Tube Use and Placement in Exotic Pets

Providing enteral nutrition to injured or ill exotic animal patients by means of assisted feedings minimizes catabolism and gastrointestinal morbidity associated with anorexia, while optimizing immune system and organ function, and providing nutritional precursors necessary for healing. When determining the nutritional needs of a debilitated animal, it is important to account for both metabolic rate and energy requirements. Providing enteral nutrition via a feeding tube utilizes the functional gastrointestinal tract in patients that cannot or will not eat. Additionally, administration of food through a feeding tube is significantly less stressful for patients than restraint and syringe feeding. Feeding tube placement should be considered in any animal where the stress associated with syringe feeding is likely to result in significant morbidity or when the need for an extended period of assisted feeding is required.     

日粮铜水平对肉鸭屠体性状及组织中铜沉积量的影响

选用510只1日龄仙湖3号商品肉鸭,随机分为5组(公母各半),Ⅰ至Ⅴ组日粮中含铜水平(mg／kg)分别为7,150,200,250和300。试验结果表明,肝脏、肌肉与日粮铜水平相关系数分别为0.889,0.772,而屠宰性能与对照组差异不显著。     

Suture Materials and Suture Selection for Use in Exotic Pet Surgical Procedures

Exotic animals are becoming increasingly popular and more exotic pet owners are seeking veterinary care. This has led to a demand for properly trained veterinarians who are capable of providing quality, up-to-date medical and surgical treatments. Many surgeries are now performed on exotic pets, and selection of the appropriate suture material is an important part of the treatment protocol. An understanding of different available suture materials, healing times of different tissues, and knowledge of different anatomic and physiologic characteristics in different species is important in the selection of the most appropriate suture material. This review will summarize important aspects of suture selection in exotic animals.     

日粮赖氨酸水平对12～18周龄雌性临武鸭生长性能及肠道结构的影响

为研究12~18w临武鸭的赖氨酸需要量,试验随机选取健康、体重接近的84日龄雌性临武鸭210羽,分为5个处理(赖氨酸水平分别为0.55%、0.65%、0.75%、0.85%、0.95%),每处理设6个重复,每重复7只鸭,试验全期为42d。结果显示:(1)12~18周龄雌性临武鸭增重较慢,且各组试鸭间平均日采食量和日增重差异均不显著(P0.05),但0.75%赖氨酸组有增加平均增重的趋势;(2)试验各组间试鸭的十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度差异均不显著(P0.05),但有增加绒毛高度的趋势。试验结果表明,以生长性能和肠道结构为评价指标,本试验条件下12~18w龄雌性临武鸭日粮赖氨酸水平以0.75%为适宜。     

5～11周龄金定蛋鸭实用日粮中氯化钠添加量的研究

本试验旨在研究5～11周龄金定蛋鸭实用日粮中氯化钠的添加量.试验采用玉米一豆粕型基础日粮(含钠0.037%,氯0.047%,钾0.710%),分别添加0、0.16%、0.20%、0.24%、0.28%、0.32%、0.48%和0.96%的氯化钠组成8种试验日粮.试验选用960只5周龄健康金定蛋鸭,按体重均匀分成8个组,每个组设10个重复,每个重复12只鸭.试验期为7周.结果显示,氯化钠添加水平对生长蛋鸭日增重、采食量及料重比影响显著(P<0.05);蛋鸭血清CO2浓度和pH各组间差异不显著(P>0.05),但随着氯化钠添加量的增加而呈现下降的趋势.血清中碳酸氢根离子浓度随着氯化钠添加量的增加而下降,对照组的阴离子间隙显著低于0.20%~0.96%组(P<0.05);渗透压随着氯化钠添加量的增加而升高,对照组与0.96%组差异显著(P<0.05);钠和氯对生长蛋鸭血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),对血清尿素氮和葡萄糖的浓度影响显著(P<0.05).因此,在玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加0.24%氯化钠,使日粮钠和氯的含量分别为0.131%和0.193%,可满足5～11周龄金定蛋鸭的生长和生理需要.     

适宜『稻鸭共育』的家鸭与疫病预防

选择适宜鸭种及疫病防治,是"稻鸭共育"的关键.几年的经验总结如下:     

The Veterinary Practitioner and Diseases Exotic to Canada

Veterinarians, in clinical practice, regulatory field work, laboratory diagnosis or research, must work together as a team, each within his area of expertise in order to protect the livestock industry of Canada from exotic diseases. This freedom from many of the serious animal plagues has allowed the development of intensive animal production units with increased vulnerability to disease and in which the impact of disease outbreaks may be more serious.In differential diagnoses one should think not only of the classical exotic diseases such as vesicular diseases, swine fever and rinderpest in today''s world, but one should constantly be on the outlook for any disease outbreak that does not quite fit the picture of the domestic diseases. From this standpoint the large animal practitioner is the very important “first line of defense” since, in all likelihood, he will be the first to see a disease exotic to Canada should that disease gain entry.     

北京鸭和樱桃谷鸭填饲条件下脂肪沉积性能比较

试验对相同方式填饲的北京鸭和樱桃谷鸭的脂肪沉积性能进行了比较,结果表明填饲北京鸭的腹脂重极显著大于填饲樱桃谷鸭(P<0.01),皮脂厚和皮脂重略大于樱桃谷鸭,差异不显著。填饲北京鸭的皮脂率、腹脂率均大于樱桃谷鸭达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。填饲条件下,北京鸭的胸肉粗脂肪、总脂肪酸百分含量均高于樱桃谷鸭,差异不显著;北京鸭的脂肪酸C22∶0的百分含量高于樱桃谷鸭达到极显著水平(P<0.01),不饱和脂肪酸C14∶1、C24∶1 C22∶6的百分含量北京鸭显著高于樱桃谷鸭(P<0.05);其余各类脂肪酸含量两品种间差异不显著。     

陈玉米饲粮中添加茶多酚、维生素E和二丁基羟基甲苯对肉鸭生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究陈玉米饲粮中添加茶多酚(TP)、维生素E和二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)对肉鸭生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响。选取1日龄雄性北京鸭192只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只。以储存3年玉米作为能量原料,Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮(不添加饲料抗氧化剂),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加120 mg/kg TP、维生素E和BHT的试验饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,TP能显著提高22~42日龄肉鸭平均日增重(P0.05),维生素E能显著提高1~21日龄和22~42日龄肉鸭平均日增重(P0.05),BHT对肉鸭生长性能无显著影响(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,TP能显著提高21和42日龄血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及42日龄血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P0.05),维生素E能显著提高42日龄血清CAT活性(P0.05);BHT能显著提高21日龄血清T-AOC以及21和42日龄血清CAT活性(P0.05)。由此可见,陈玉米饲粮中添加TP和维生素E对肉鸭生长性能以及抗氧化功能均有不同程度的改善,而BHT只改善了肉鸭的抗氧化功能。陈玉米饲粮中添加TP效果最好。     

刺槐叶粉在肉兔日粮中的应用效果

本试验采用2×5因子设计,研究日粮中不同水平刺槐叶粉水平(0%、10%、20%、30%、40%)对肉兔生产性能的影响及不同肉兔品种(哈尔滨白兔即H兔、丹麦白兔即D兔)对刺槐叶粉日粮的反应。选用30±2日龄断奶H兔95只、D兔85只,分别按体重、窝别、性别分成10个处理,每处理4重复。试验结果表明10%～40%的刺槐叶粉用量对肉兔健康无影响且无适口性问题,但叶粉用量对肉兔生产性能有明显的负面剂量效应影响,即引起增重呈显著的三次曲线下降(R2=0.85,P<0.05)、采食量和饲料/增重呈极显著三次曲线上升(R2=0.96、0.95,P<0.01)。日粮中刺槐叶水平20%或20%以上,显著降低日增重、增加采食量(P<0.05),极显著降低饲料效率(P<0.01)。对刺槐叶粉日粮的耐受性没有品种差异(P>0.15),日粮中叶粉配合比例以10%为宜。     

鸭病毒性肝炎病毒的分离与鉴定

从长春地区某鸭场送检的疑似鸭病毒性肝炎的病例,采取病鸭肝脏分别进行细菌、病毒分离,结果分离到1株病毒,经病毒回归试验及血清学试验等方法,鉴定该病毒为Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒,但与标准株接种鸡胚产生的病变有一定的差别。     

鸭群感染禽副粘病毒后的排毒规律

为了了解鸭副粘病毒在鸭群排毒情况,取健康鸭25只。在15日龄时用副粘病毒经肌肉注射接种15只,另取5只不接种任何东西做空白对照,5只接种0.5ml生理盐水。24h后利用NDV强毒快速诊断试剂盒进行排毒的动态监测。结果表明试验第2天开始排毒,16天结束,其间在6～7天出现排毒高峰.空白鸭通过接触攻毒鸭也能感染并排毒。我们的试验为以后制定对副粘病毒的防疫程序起一定的指导作用。