黄丘区退耕地植被与土壤水分养分的互动效应

对典型黄土丘陵区的延安、安塞和吴旗不同退耕年份植被特征、土壤水分和养分的调查和测定,研究了退耕地植被与土壤水分和养分随时间变异及其互动效应规律。结果表明,退耕初期土壤有较高的水分和养分,在较高的土壤水分和养分支持下,植被指数呈增长趋势,随着耕作施肥活动的停止和植被恢复对土壤水分和养分的消耗,使土壤水分和养分含量降低,土壤水分和养分的变异幅度也较大;从变化趋势看,植被指数和土壤贮水量变化呈相反趋势,植被指数与土壤水分之间的关系比其与土壤养分之间的关系更加密切,表明土壤水分对植被恢复和植被群落演替的作用更加显著;在退耕初期,土壤水分和养分对植被恢复和群落演替的作用要大于植被恢复和群落演替对土壤水分和养分的作用,随着植被群落演替的进行,植被对环境的适应能力不断增强,它们之间的作用关系不断改变,这种相互作用使植被群落以自己的方式改变着土壤水分和养分,并使自己逐步达到稳定。     

五香藤和香石藤的形态结构解剖显微鉴别

中草药的鉴别是鉴定和研究中药的品种和质量,制定中药标准,寻找和扩大新药源的应用学科。它是在继承中医药遗产和传统鉴别经验的基础上,应用现代自然科学的理论知识和技术方法。研究和探讨中药的来源,性状,显微特征,理化鉴别,质量标准及寻找新药等的理论和实践问题,考证和整理中药的品种。五香藤和香石藤有它特殊的结构,用植物解剖显微鉴别能有效地进行五香藤和香石藤的鉴别。     

硅对磨损胁迫下狗牙根和结缕草表观质量与生理代谢的影响

为探究外源硅对磨损胁迫下的暖季型草坪草表观质量和生理代谢的影响,本研究以狗牙根属的Tifgreen杂交狗牙根和普通狗牙根,结缕草属的兰引Ⅲ号结缕草和青岛结缕草为对象,设置对照和施外源硅两组,进行不磨损处理和磨损处理,并测量其表观质量指标和生理指标。结果表明,外源硅可以通过促进狗牙根和结缕草的分蘖和生长,以及降低叶片丙二醛、游离脯氨酸含量和相对电导率,同时提高叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性和可溶性糖含量,一定程度上减轻磨损胁迫对狗牙根和结缕草生长的影响。综合比较表观质量指标和生理指标的变化,外源硅能够一定程度上提高狗牙根和结缕草的耐磨损性,其中对提高狗牙根的耐磨损性效果更好。     

镉对水生动物繁育和生长的影响及机理

水中镉(Cadmium,Cd)难被降解,易被富集,极易被水生动物积累并通过食物链传递,危害其他动物和人类的健康。本文主要综述镉对水生动物繁殖、生长和发育的影响及机理,旨在更好地深入理解和研究之,为有效地控制和防治镉对水生动物繁育和生长的危害,保护水生动物和生态环境,生产卫生安全的渔业产品和发展可持续的渔业提供参考。     

动物损伤并发溃疡的分类与治疗

1病因溃疡的发生原因有多种,如血液循环、淋巴循环和物质代谢的紊乱。如由于中枢神经系统和外周神经的疾病或损伤所引起的神经营养紊乱,伴有机体抵抗力降低和组织再生能力降低的机体衰竭、严重消瘦及糖尿病等,异物、机械性损伤、分泌物及排泄物的刺激,外科感染和炎症,某些传染病的刺激,维生素摄入不足和内分泌的紊乱,急性和慢性中毒和     

化学分析法评估饲料原料营养价值的稳定性初探

为初步探讨化学分析法测定生产常用原料营养价值的稳定程度,通过化学分析法多次测定不同饲料原料(豆粕、次粉、花生壳粉等)的水分、灰分和蛋白含量,利用统计学进行分析比较,结果发现:化学分析法测定洗米糠和玉米胚芽粕的水分,去皮豆粕和花生粕的粗灰分,豆粕和去皮豆粕的粗蛋白变异系数较小;而猪油和玉米麸的水分,花生壳粉和玉米皮的粗灰分,玉米胚芽粕和玉米麸的粗蛋白变异系数较大。试验表明:化学分析法测定洗米糠和玉米胚芽粕的水分,去皮豆粕和花生粕的粗灰分,豆粕和去皮豆粕的粗蛋白稳定性较高;而测定猪油和玉米麸的水分,花生壳粉和玉米皮的粗灰分,玉米胚芽粕和玉米麸的稳定性较低。     

两例犬化脓性睾丸炎治疗体会

睾丸炎是睾丸实质的炎症,按病程可分为慢性和急性,按病情可分为化脓性和非化脓性。又因睾丸和附睾的解剖位置紧密相关,在发生睾丸炎的同时常相伴发生附睾炎。犬急性睾丸炎和附睾炎的常见病因是：布鲁杆菌的感染;有些霉菌如芽生菌和球孢子菌,能引起肉芽肿性睾丸炎和附睾炎;睾丸和附睾的外伤有时能引起炎症和感染,患阴囊脓皮病的犬会经常舔舐阴囊,可导致睾丸和附睾的细菌感染;另据报道,犬瘟热病毒可引起睾丸和附睾两者的炎症。     

雌性激素类物质对食品安全影响研究

雌性激素和环境类激素会严重威胁人们的身体健康,阐述了雌性激素和环境类激素的分类和来源,简述了雌性激素和环境类激素对食品安全和人类身体健康的影响,并介绍了现阶段对其检测和分析的方法。     

猪场捕蝇灭蚊最经济实用、安全有效的利器——自动捕蝇器和光触媒灭蚊器

随着夏季的到来,除了疫病外,猪场管理者多了一个烦恼,那就是没完没了的苍蝇和蚊子,但进入广东化州中垌镇张顺尧老板的猪场时,笔者却发现张老板猪场的猪安安稳稳地睡觉,没有被苍蝇和蚊子叮咬的烦恼,原来张老板使用先进、环保的自动捕蝇器和光触媒灭蚊器。据张老板介绍,他使用自动捕蝇器和光触媒灭蚊器两年多以来,猪场的疾病减少了很多,几乎不怎么用药,前年和去年,他猪场附近暴发高热病等,他都安全无事。原来他每100m^2猪舍使用一台捕蝇器和一台光触媒灭蚊器,切断了苍蝇和蚊子传播疾病的途径。在他的介绍下,该镇大部分猪场都使用了自动捕蝇器和光触媒灭蚊器,猪场的传染性疾病几乎没有。     

正确理解和掌握兽药使用说明书

兽药的标签和说明书是帮助认识和了解药品性质的主要途径.要合理、正确地使用兽药,必须充分理解和掌握药品说明书的内容,注意辨明成份和文号,避免重复用药和防止用假药,注意药品的适应症,遵循用法与用量,注意不良反应和禁忌症,注意合理保存药品,防止失效.     

黑龙江省刈割后苜蓿病害现状调查与分析

为了明确黑龙江省苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)刈割后病害的现状,对其进行了调查与分析。结果表明:苜蓿病害率为95.17%~100.00%,整体呈现西北部低于东南部。其中,苜蓿小光壳病发病率主要在60.42%~87.50%范围之内,病情指数为14.52%~20.97%;苜蓿褐斑病主要发病率为96.13%~100.00%,病情指数为31.11%~38.66%;苜蓿锈病主要发病率在5.97%~23.89%之间,病情指数为2.07%~8.29%。     

番鸭呼肠病毒病的病原学研究进展

番鸭呼肠病毒病是由番鸭呼肠病毒引起的一种急性传染病,主要发生于40日龄内的番鸭,临床上以软脚为主要症状,并伴有腹泻,发病率高,病情严重时可致全群死亡,给番鸭养殖业带来了巨大的损失。其病原为呼肠病毒科正呼肠病毒属番鸭呼肠病毒。文章综合了国内外对该病的病原学研究成果,从病毒的分类地位、生物学特性、基因组与编码蛋白、病原分布及流行特性、检测与防控等方面对该病的病原学进行了较全面的论述,以期对该病的深入研究和防控提供有用的资料。     

丹顶鹤非典型新城疫与大肠杆菌混合感染的诊治

新城疫(Newcastle disease,ND)是危害禽类的一种接触性致死性传染病,OIE将其列为A类疫病。各养殖户对该病高度重视,主要采用全程免疫接种的方式加以预防,使急性新城疫得到有效控制,但随之而来的是,非典型新城疫发病率有所提高。吉林市某公园观赏动物丹顶鹤发生疫情,经临床剖检及实验室诊断确诊为非典型新城疫(CND)与大肠杆菌(E.col)混合感染,经高免卵黄抗体特异性疗法配合抗菌治疗及有效的消毒防疫措施,使疫情得到控制。     

孔雀非典型新城疫的诊治

根据临床症状、病理解剖和实验室检查 ,对汕头市某孔雀场发生的以排灰白色稀便、个别神经症状和部分死亡为主要特征的疾病进行诊断 ,确诊结果为非典型新城疫 (CND)。采用ND油乳剂灭活苗 ,ND高免卵黄液和抗菌药物等综合治疗 ,使疫情很快得以控制     

Annual disease incidence in Colorado cow-calf herds participating in rounds 2 and 3 of the National Animal Health Monitoring System from 1986 to 1988

Thirty-nine and 47 randomly selected Colorado cow-calf operations participated in the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) during rounds 2 (October 1986 to September 1987) and 3 (October 1987 to September 1988), respectively. Data on the incidence of disease conditions within each herd were collected by federal and state Veterinary Medical Officers and university veterinarians through monthly visits to the ranches. Annual disease incidence for disease classes and the most frequently reported individual disease conditions were determined and expressed on a per 100 cow basis. The mean annual disease incidences for all diseases in these herds were 48.8 and 47.7 new cases per 100 cows for rounds 2 and 3, respectively. The ranges for herd annual disease incidence were wide in both study years. The enteric disease class had the highest mean annual disease incidence in both years of the study, and this was primarily because of diarrhea of unknown cause in calves. Diarrhea of unknown cause accounted for approximately 25% of all new disease cases in both rounds of the study. The mean annual disease incidences were not different for any disease class between the two rounds. The data indicate that, on the average, diarrhea of unknown cause, pneumonia, dystocia, foot rot (interdigital necrobacillosis), pinkeye (infectious keratoconjunctivitis), respiratory tract infection, death of unknown cause, and nonpregnancy had the highest incidences in these Colorado beef herds during the study period. However, because of the wide variation of the predominant disease problems between herds, a herd's disease history as well as the common disease problems in the geographic area of a herd must be considered in designing a herd health program.     

广西杧果流胶病发生情况调查

为了明确广西杧果流胶病的发生情况,于2012和2013年分别对百色市右江区、田东县、田阳县、武鸣县和灵山县等不同地区的杧果品种进行了流胶病发病情况调查。结果表明,广西杧果流胶病发生较为普遍和严重,平均病株率达50%以上,不同品种的发生为害情况差异显著。其中百色市右江区阳圩农场华屯分场、田阳县林逢镇福兰村、田阳县百育镇九合村的台农发病率分别高达98.1%、97.5%、97.4%,病情指数分别为13.7、12.5、10.7。武鸣的四季蜜杧发病率高达96.8%,病情指数为11.8,而田阳县百育镇九合村的红象牙发病率为30.2%,病情指数仅为1.5,受害较轻。在同一果园中,台农发病重,而红象牙、金煌杧发病较轻;同一植株上嫁接不同品种时,也是嫁接台农的发病重而嫁接红象牙、金煌杧的发病轻。     

牛结节性皮肤病的防控

牛结节性皮肤病是由牛结节性皮肤病病毒感染牛只导致的一种传染病,肉牛、亚洲水牛、奶牛易感。该病发病时以全身皮肤广泛性结节为特征,因此又叫牛疙瘩皮肤病,除皮肤病变外还可能有发热,体表淋巴结肿大,口、鼻和眼部溃疡,鼻和眼部伴有分泌物,四肢及腹部、会阴等部位水肿等临床表现,死亡率低,但发病率高,传染性强,严重影响牛的生长发育和生产。2019年8月我国新疆伊利首次报道了该病,随后在福建、江西、广东等地发现了该病的流行。该病通过临床症状和流行病学调查可做出初步诊断,确诊需要通过实验室诊断。我国对该病的防控主要采取免疫、隔离、扑杀、消毒等综合性的防控措施。     

Eosinophilic papulocrustous dermatitis (miliary dermatitis) and eosinophilic inflammatory bowel disease in two cats

Two cats with chronic eosinophilic skin disease were investigated. The clinical investigation of the skin disease in one cat was limited and inflammatory bowel disease was diagnosed post mortem. A history of weight loss and a palpably thickened bowel in the second cat suggested concurrent gastrointestinal disease. Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease was confirmed on biopsy. Treatment with azathioprine and methylprednisolone acetate resolved the signs of gastrointestinal disease, the pruritus and 95% of the skin lesions. The concurrence of eosinophilic papulocrustous dermatitis and eosinophilic bowel disease raises the possibility of their being linked bv a common aetiology or pathophysiology.     

Computed tomographic evidence of bulla effusion in cats with sinonasal disease: 2001-2004

BACKGROUND: Sinonasal disease is common in cats; chronic inflammatory disease and neoplasia are diagnosed most frequently. Radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) findings in nasal disease have been reported, although involvement of other cranial structures has not been fully described to our knowledge. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that neoplastic or inflammatory obstruction of the auditory tube associated with sinonasal disease could result in CT evidence of effusive bulla disease in affected cats. ANIMALS: 46 cats with sinonasal disease, 18 control cats. METHODS: CT images acquired in cats with (n = 46) and without (n = 18) sinonasal disease were reviewed for evidence of concurrent bulla effusion. CT findings of soft tissue or fluid opacity within the tympanic bulla or thickening of the bone of the bullae were considered evidence of effusive bulla disease. RESULTS: The prevalence of bulla effusion in cats with sinonasal disease was 28% (13/46) and was significantly higher than that observed in cats without sinonasal disease (1/18, P = .043). CT findings that were found in association with effusive bulla disease included imaging features of sinusitis and nasopharyngeal disease. The most common neoplasm associated with bulla effusion was nasopharyngeal lymphoma. Bulla effusion was not observed in any cat with nasal carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Findings of this study suggest that auditory canal dysfunction may play a larger role in feline sinonasal disease than was previously recognized. The implications of these findings for management of cats with chronic inflammatory or neoplastic sinonasal disease require further investigation.     

牛用口蹄疫AsiaI—O型双价灭活苗与猪用口蹄疫O型灭活苗对猪的免疫效果比较试验

使用牛用口蹄疫AsiaI-O型双价灭活苗与猪用口蹄疫O型灭活苗分别接种50d商品猪和怀孕90d种猪,免疫前和免疫后的3w及7w进行抗体水平检测。O型口蹄疫采用正向间接血凝试验、AsiaI型口蹄疫采用液相阻断ELISA检测。同时对接种猪进行免疫应激观察。结果显示：猪使用牛用口蹄疫AsiaI—O型双价灭活苗3w后口蹄疫AsiaI的抗体水平十分低,最高只有5％,口蹄疫O型抗体合格率在35％以上;而注射猪用口蹄疫O型灭活苗的O型抗体水平合格率只有35％。而牛用口蹄疫AsiaI-O型双价灭活苗两次接种后,AsiaI和O型抗体水平均达到大于70％的要求。