酶制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能和腹泻的影响

通过饲养试验评定了复合酶制剂（蛋白酶、木聚糖酶等）和单一纤维素酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻的影响。试验选用 72头体重为 9.38kg± 1.20kg的 35日龄断奶仔猪，按单因子随机区组设计方法分为对照、处理 A和处理 B 3个组，分别饲喂玉米—豆粕基础日粮、基础日粮＋ 0.1％复合酶制剂和基础日粮＋ 0.15％单一纤维素酶制剂。试验持续 21d。结果表明：添加酶制剂在一定程度上可以改善生长，提高饲料转化效率，降低腹泻率和提高猪群生长整齐度，且复合酶制剂要比单一纤维素酶制剂效果好。此外，后期试验（ 11d～ 21d），处理 A（复合酶制剂组）和处理 B（单一纤维素组）的饲料增重比与对照组相比，显著降低了 16％（ P<0.05）和7.1%。     

浅析酶制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选取健康21日龄断奶长白仔猪544头，采取随机分组的办法分成2组，第一组为试验组271头，第二组为对照组273头。试验组21-49日龄、50-70日龄阶段在对照组基础上分别添加HF-1华芬酶750克／吨、1311华芬酶850克／吨。饲养管理条件相同。经过50天试验，结果表明：试验组日增重比对照组提高5.14％，经显著性检验，试验组与对照组差异显著（P〈0.05）。试验组存活率比对照组高1．46％，腹泻率比对照组低18.23％。饲料转化率提高12．18％，头平净增收入比对照组提高9．14％。     

两种酶制剂对早期断奶仔猪效果的比较

本试验旨在比较酶制剂八宝威和一种国产酶制剂对早期断奶仔猪的效果,涉及28±2日龄断奶的仔猪75头。在基础日粮中添加0.8公斤/吨的八宝威或1公斤/吨国产酶制剂,两次试验的综合结果是:在25天的试验期内,添加八宝威比国产酶制剂增重提高5.7％,饲料利用效率提高3％,经济效益也以添加八宝威较好。     

仔猪断奶后腹泻的诊治

近一个多月来，景宁县某猪场100多头断奶仔猪中有近一半发生腹泻，仔猪腹泻一般发生在断奶后2-5天，现将诊治过程及讨论综述如下。[第一段]     

酶制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选择8窝出生和胎次相近的35日龄的二元杂交(长淮)断奶仔猪80头,随机分为2组。试验组和对照组基础日粮相同,试验组添加0.1%酶制剂。实验结果表明,添加酶制剂能显著提高仔猪的生产性能,与对照组相比,日增重提高7.2%,料重比下降8.8%,腹泻率下降25%。     

早期断奶仔猪腹泻的防治要点

最近,养猪界的业内人士反映,现在养猪越来越不好养,尤其是早期断奶仔猪的腹泻问题。据我们调查,断奶仔猪的腹泻现象相当普遍,腹泻率一般在20%～30%左右,死亡率为2%～4%,但有些猪场,断奶后仔猪的腹泻率极高,甚至可达70%～80%,死亡率达15%～20%,给养猪生产者造成极大的经济损失。     

早期断奶仔猪腹泻的研究进展

仔猪在生长过程中必须经过断奶关。目前 ,仔猪的断奶日龄已从传统的 5 0～ 60ｄ逐步缩短到 2 1～ 3 5ｄ ,甚至更早。仔猪早期断奶可以提高母猪的繁殖率 ,减少母猪传给仔猪的疫病 ,降低生产成本。然而对仔猪进行早期断奶也会给仔猪的生长发育带来一系列不良影响 ,其中腹泻是最普遍的。由于仔猪腹泻会给养猪生产带来很大的经济损失 ,因此如何防止早期断奶仔猪腹泻的发生已成为当今养猪生产中最为重要的问题之一。1　仔猪腹泻的类型1.1　传染性腹泻1.1.1　病毒性腹泻　仔猪病毒性腹泻中危害较为严重的有猪传染性胃肠炎 (ＴＧＥ)、猪流行性腹泻 …     

浅析酶制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选取健康21日龄断奶长白仔猪544头,采取随机分组的办法分成2组,第1组为试验组271头,第2组为对照组273头.试验组21-49日齿、50-70日龄阶段在对照组基础上分别添加HF-1华芬酶750g/t、1311华芬酶850g/t。饲养管理条件相同.经过50d的试验,结果表明：试验组日增重比对照组提高5.14%经显著性检验,试验组与对照组差异显著（P〈0.05）。试验组存活率比对照组高1.46％腹泻率比对照组低18.23％饲料转化率提高12．18％,头平净增收入比对照组提高9.14％     

日粮中添加复合酶制剂对断乳仔猪生长性能的影响

选取54头7～8 kg健康的"杜长大"断乳仔猪作为试验动物,根据体重相近、公母各半、随机分配的原则分为对照组和试验组,每组设3重复,每个重复9头,探讨添加复合酶制剂对仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响。试验组日粮中添加0.5 g/kg泛亚太复合酶制剂后,仔猪的日增重提高,料重比降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05);并可降低仔猪腹泻率和饲料成本。结果表明,在仔猪日粮中添加0.5 g/kg泛亚太复合酶制剂可提高仔猪的生长性能,提高经济效益。     

Disodium-fosfomycin pharmacokinetics and bioavailability in post weaning piglets

Disodium-fosfomycin pharmacokinetics has been studied in different species after oral, intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration. At present there are neither documented clinical experiences of the use of fosfomycin in pigs nor any published studies in weaning piglets, although it is a period of high incidence of infectious diseases. The pharmacokinetics and the bioavailability of sodium fosfomycin were studied in post weaning piglets after intravenous and intramuscular administration of 15 mg/kg of body weight. Plasma concentrations were measured by a high-performance liquid ms/ms. After IV administration the area under the fosfomycin concentration:time curve in plasma was AUC_(0–12) of 120.00 ± 23.12 μg h/ml and the volume of distribution (Vd) of 273.00 ± 40.70 ml/kg. The elimination was rapid with a plasma clearance of 131.50 ± 30.07 ml/kg/h and a T_1/2 of 1.54 ± 0.40 h. Peak serum concentration (C_max), T_max, AUC_(0–12) and bioavailability for the IM administration were 43.00 ± 4.10 μg/ml, 0.75 ± 0.00 h, 99.00 ± 0.70 μg h/ml and 85.5 ± 9.90% respectively. Different authors have determined a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC₉₀) ranging from 0.25 μg/ml for Streptococcus sp. and 0.5 μg/ml for Escherichia coli. Considering the above, and according to the values of plasma concentration vs time profiles observed in this study, effective plasma concentrations of fosfomycin for sensitive bacteria can be obtained following IV and IM administration of 15 mg/kg in piglets.     

Dietary nucleotide supplementation reduces occurrence of diarrhoea in early weaned pigs

In the weaning period, transition from sow's milk to the post-weaning diet causes the withdrawal of important nutrients as milk nucleotides, which are known to be determinant for the development of the gastrointestinal tract and immune function. The objective of these investigations was to study the effect of including these nucleotides in solid diets for piglets. Nucleotide composition of sow's milk was analyzed using 5 sows at 21 days of lactation. The average free nucleotide concentration was 102.8 ± 9.16 μmol/100 mL. Two experiments were performed to assess the effect of a product based on this composition (Nucleoforce Piglets®) on digestive adaptation and incidence of diarrhoea of nursery piglets. In Exp. 1, three groups of 6 piglets were weaned at 21 days of age and fed with a diet supplemented with 0 (control), 1000 or 2000 ppm of nucleotides, and a fourth group of 6 piglets was maintained in lactation. Seven days after weaning, piglets were euthanized and samples of jejunal mucosa were processed for histological measurements. Villus height decreased from 448 μm in un-weaned pigs to 275 μm in the control group 7 days after weaning. Although there were no differences in feed intake among groups, the reduction in villous height was less pronounced (P < 0.001) in nucleotide supplemented groups showing a villous height of 351 and 378 μm with the doses of 1000 or 2000 ppm respectively. In Exp. 2, 384 early weaned pigs were fed during 14 days with a diet supplemented with 0 (control), 750 and 1000 ppm of nucleotides. ADG and ADFI were not modified by the treatment, but nucleotide supplementation reduced the number of pigs treated with antibiotic as a result of diarrhoea (15.63% vs 3.13% and 1.56%; for control, 750 and 1000 ppm; P < 0.001). These results suggest that dietary supplementation with nucleotides from yeast might help to prevent post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets.     

Survey on the prevalence of diarrhoea in pre-weaning piglets and on feeding systems as contributing risk factors in smallholdings in Central Vietnam

A cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of diarrhoea in pre-weaning piglets, and on management and feeding systems under farm conditions was carried out in Thua Thien Hue Province. Faecal samples were collected from 63 piglets without, and 90 piglets with diarrhoea to determine the occurrence of Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and different E. coli antigens (K88, K99 and 987P). The prevalence of diarrhoea was higher in the rainy season than in the dry season (33% vs 18%) and the results indicated differences in prevalence between areas. Salmonella and E. coli were found to the same extent in faeces from piglets without and with diarrhoea. All E. coli antigens were isolated from piglets without and with diarrhoea. However, the frequency was much higher in piglets suffering from diarrhoea. In piglets with diarrhoea antigen K88 was found in 26% and 20% of the samples, antigen K99 in 37% and 24% of the samples, and antigen 987P in 31% and 32% of the samples collected in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Nutrient supply for sows and for piglets was low in comparison with feeding standards, which may be a contributory factor to the high incidence of diarrhoea in piglets. Thus, the nutrition of sows as well as piglets could be important components in the aetiology of the disease and needs to be studied further.     

Performance and diarrhoea in piglets following weaning at seven weeks of age: Challenge with E. coli O 149 and effect of dietary factors

Four dietary factors (ad libitum versus feed restriction, control versus protein restriction at ad libitum feeding, control versus inclusion of lupin as a protein source at ad libitum feeding, and control versus extra vitamin E at ad libitum feeding) were tested in four separate experiments for the effect on diarrhoea. To introduce a diarrhoea-like condition, half of the piglets were challenged with an E. coli O 149 dose of 1 × 10⁸ colony forming units on days one and two after weaning (day of weaning = day zero). All piglets were susceptible since the dams were tested mono-zygotic susceptible to the attachment site of E. coli O 149 in the intestines. Each of the four experiments included 32 piglets from 4 sows. The design was a 2 × 2 factorial with dietary factor and E. coli O 149 challenge as the two factors, each at two levels. The piglets were housed individually during the experiment which lasted for 10 days from weaning at 7 weeks of age. The daily recordings included feed intake, weight and faecal score (from 1 = solid and cloddy to 6 = watery and yellow). Faeces from days 1 to 4 were tested for E. coli strains. In addition, blood was sampled and serum was analysed for antibodies to E. coli, IgG and IgM. Generally the E. coli challenge had no effect on growth and feed intake whereas faecal score and number of faecal haemolytic bacteria increased and faecal dry matter decreased. Feed restriction decreased the weight gain while faecal characteristics were unaffected. An analysis including all four experiments revealed that a feed intake of less than 200 g during the first day after weaning seems to be associated with a relatively high incidence of a post-weaning diarrhoea-like condition. Protein restriction decreased faecal score and increased faecal dry matter while weight gain tended to decrease. Inclusion of lupin affected neither weight gain nor faecal characteristics. Extra vitamin E did not affect weight gain while faecal dry matter decreased, and faecal score and number of faecal haemolytic bacteria increased. The dietary treatments had no effect on the measured immunoglobulins. In conclusion, the studied dietary factors could not alleviate a diarrhoea-like condition and at the same time maintain the growth rate. Furthermore, the results indicate that performance can be improved if piglets achieve a daily feed intake of at least 200 g during the first day after weaning.     

Effects of feeding linseed and linseed expeller meal to newly weaned piglets on growth performance and gut health and function

The effects were evaluated of the inclusion of full fat linseed (125 g/kg) (LS) or linseed expeller meal (85 g/kg) (LSM) in diets for weaned piglets on growth performance and parameters of gut health and function. The diets were fed to groups of 12 post weaning single housed piglets. Three of the five treatments (Control (C)+, LS+, LSM+) were challenged with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli on day 6. Two treatments were not challenged (C− and LS−). The main response criteria were daily feed intake, body weight gain, faecal shedding of the E. coli, faecal consistency score, faecal nutrient digestibility and gut wall morphology and histology of the jejunal mucosa on day 18/19 of the study. Over the total experimental period (day 0–18) feed intake and body weight gain were highest in treatment C− and lowest in treatment LSM+ (P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio did not differ between treatments over the total experimental period. Over day 10–12 of the study, the faecal digestibility of dry matter, ash and energy was higher for treatments C− and C+ compared to treatments LS−, LS+ and LSM+ (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the faecal shedding of E. coli between treatments C+, LS+ and LSM+. Intestinal mucosal histology and morphology were only slightly affected by the dietary treatments. It was concluded that the use of full fat linseed or linseed expeller meal did not show to be functional ingredients in diets for post-weaning piglet in terms of supporting gut health.     

茶树油制剂(颗粒剂)对保育猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在探究茶树油饲料添加剂(颗粒型)对保育猪生长性能的影响.试验动物选取小保育猪50头和大保育猪36头,小保育猪分为5组,每组10头,对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组饲喂基础饲料中分别添加50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、400 mg/kg茶树油的试验饲料.大保育猪分为6组,每组6头,对照组饲喂基础...     

The effects of weaning age, diet composition, and categorisation of creep feed intake by piglets on diarrhoea and performance after weaning

This study investigated the effects of weaning age, diet, and classification of piglets as ‘eaters’ or ‘non eaters’ of creep feed in lactation, on production and diarrhoea after weaning. Four antimicrobial-free diets were offered in lactation and for 14 days after weaning: (i) wheat–soy based diet with animal and vegetable (‘mixed’) protein sources (COMM), (ii) heat-processed rice (HPR) with barley hulls and potato starch and mixed protein sources (RBHPS), (iii) HPR with sugar-beet pulp and mixed protein sources (RSBP), and (iv) HPR with mixed protein sources (R). Piglets were individually examined for diarrhoea daily for 14 days after weaning, and antibiotic treatments were individually recorded. Faecal swabs were taken on day 10 after weaning and scored for β-haemolytic Escherichia coli. There were significant main effects of weaning age and diet (both P < 0.001) on daily gain between weaning and 14 days after weaning. Pigs weaned later grew 50 g/day more than pigs weaned earlier, and pigs fed the COMM diet grew slower than pigs fed the rice-based diets. The number of antibiotic treatments was influenced by diet (P < 0.001), with most treatments (2.1) given to pigs fed the diet RBHPS. Faecal score was influenced by a weaning age and diet interaction (P < 0.01). There was no correlation (P > 0.05) between the number of antibiotics treatments and the E. coli score.     

半乳甘露寡糖对早期断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同比例的半乳甘露寡糖替代抗生素对早期断奶仔猪生长性能及腹泻的影响。试验选用体重 (8.4± 0 .2 7)kg(杜×长×大 ) 2 8d断奶仔猪 72头 ,随机分为 3个处理 ,每个处理 6个重复 ,每个重复 4头猪。三组处理日粮分别为 ,处理 1为基础日粮添加 0 .12 %的半乳甘露寡糖 ;处理 2为基础日粮添加 5 0mg/kg的金霉素 + 0 .0 8%的半乳甘露寡糖 ;处理 3为基础日粮添加 10 0mg/kg的金霉素。结果表明 :处理 1的平均日增重和平均日采食量最高 ,且处理 1和 2之间差异显著 (p <0 .0 5 ) ,处理 1的平均日增重比处理 2提高 17.5 5 % ,比处理 3提高 7.13% ;饲料转化率 3个处理间差异不显著。另外 ,试验期间 ,处理 2、3组各有一头猪轻微腹泻 ,注射青链霉素一天后好转 ,处理 1无腹泻发生。试验表明 ,半乳甘露寡糖可提高仔猪生长性能且有减少腹泻发生的趋势。