水稻细菌性条斑病生防菌株筛选和田间防治效果

为筛选防治水稻细菌性条斑病的生防菌株,通过平板对峙试验、温室及田间试验,测定了4个菌株对水稻促生和防治细菌性条斑病的效果。通过平板对峙试验明确了4株生防菌株抑菌活性;温室试验中,除生防菌LH外,其他3株生防菌的发酵液处理后的水稻幼苗的株高、根系、鲜重均显著高于对照。接种结果显示接种病原菌前喷施生防菌防效最好。生防菌L1在3个不同试验田中防效均达到55%以上,同时增产效果达到10%以上,显著高于其他处理。研究表明,生防菌L1不仅可以用于水稻细菌性条斑病的生物防治,而且可以促进水稻生长,具有较好的生产应用潜力。     

生防链霉菌菌株S16鉴定和防蔬菜根肿病的潜力评价

【目的】为了寻找新的生防资源应对日益严重十字花科蔬菜根肿病。【方法】本实验从根肿病重病田仅存的几株健康白菜的根际土壤中,通过培养组学分离到485株细菌,以辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici为指示菌,利用平板对峙和温室盆栽试验筛选对白菜根肿病的生防菌株,并通过形态学特征、16S rDNA序列对其进行鉴定,利用热处理、酸碱处理、紫外线处理和蛋白酶K处理对生防菌的稳定性进行测定,同时利用平板对峙的方法测定了该菌的抑菌谱。【结果】通过对峙培养筛选获得46株有抑菌效果的生防菌株,并利用盆栽实验进行复筛,获得1株对白菜根肿病具有较好防治效果的菌株,命名为S16。该菌株S16对60℃以上的高温比较敏感;对紫外线照射不敏感,有较强的UV稳定性;pH在4～8处理后稳定性较好,且酶处理对菌株产生的抗菌物质几乎没影响。结合形态学特征和系统发育分析结果将该菌株鉴定为灰色橙黄链霉菌Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus。S16对辣椒疫霉Ph.capsici等8种病原真菌具有抑制效果,抑菌谱较广,对白菜根肿病的盆栽防效达到68.74%。【结论】表明灰色橙黄链霉菌S16对十字花科...     

水稻细菌性条斑病和纹枯病生防细菌的复筛、室内防效及应用评价

采用活体生测法对前期工作中离体初筛出的5株水稻细菌性条斑病生防菌和5株水稻纹枯病生防菌分别进行复筛、温室防效测定和应用评价。结果表明,菌株GN233、GN222和GN223的菌悬液对水稻苗期细菌性条斑病有一定的防治效果,其中菌株GN233对细菌性条斑病的温室防效最好,达到28.90%,而药剂"稻丰TM多·福"可湿性粉剂的温室防效为34.20%;5株生防菌对水稻纹枯病均有不同防治效果,其中菌株GN222和GN211菌悬液的防治效果较好,分别达到44.4%和27.8%,而药剂"稻丰"可湿性粉剂的防效为33.3%;此外,筛选出的生防菌株GN222、GN233和GN211均对水稻生长具有促生作用。本研究结果可为水稻细菌性条斑病和水稻纹枯病的生物防治奠定基础。     

莲雾软腐病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性研究

莲雾果实采后产生的主要病害为软腐病。本试验对莲雾果实采后软腐病病原菌进行了分离纯化,运用形态学和分子生物学对病原菌进行了鉴定,并研究了其病原菌生物学特性。结果表明,引起莲雾果软腐病的病原菌是异色拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis versicolor)。生物学特性研究结果表明,该病原菌最适生长温度为25℃,最适菌丝生长的相对湿度为75%~80%,湿度对菌丝生长影响不大,菌丝在pH 3~9之间都能生长,pH 5~6生长较好;最适碳源为麦芽糖,甘露醇不利于菌丝生长;最适氮源为蛋白胨,尿素不利于菌丝生长。该菌对于光照较敏感,完全黑暗能促进其菌丝生长。该菌的孢子致死温度为55℃10min。其生物学特性说明了莲雾果实软腐病病原菌对生存环境具有比较强的适应能力。     

黄瓜苗期猝倒病生物防治

通过盆栽和田间小区试验,研究了生防菌对黄瓜苗期猝倒病的防治效果。盆栽试验中,生防菌株CR56对甲霜灵高抗病原菌株Pythium ultimum ONCURO1和敏感菌株P.spinosum MP43419的防效分别为94.4％和51.4％;生防菌CUC8对两者防效分别为0.0％和61.9％;在供试的19株生防细菌中,有11株格兰氏阴性菌对ONCURO1的防效好于对MP43419,有5株格兰氏阳性菌对MP43419防效则好于对ONCURO1。田间小区试验中,生防菌株PEP66在浙大菜圃和弄口菜地对黄瓜苗期猝倒病的防效分别为35.8％和18.5％,但R2在两地的防效分别为14.3％和84.4％。供试的11株生防菌中,有10株在弄口菜地对黄瓜苗期猝倒病的防效优于在浙大菜圃。结果显示出生防菌的防效与供试土壤中病原种类和种群数量有密切的关系。     

拮抗丹参根腐病病原菌的丹参根际放线菌筛选研究

为获得高效拮抗丹参根腐病病原菌的生防菌株,该研究通过平板对峙法和滤纸片法对丹参根际土壤中的放线菌进行筛选。结果表明,从丹参根际土壤中分离得到的247株放线菌中,成功筛选得到了10株具有抑菌效果的生防菌株。其中zyzx-001、zyzx-013、zyzx-124抑菌效果较好,其抑菌率超过60%。通过滤纸片法对10株生防菌株进行复筛。结果表明,这10株生防菌的发酵液均可对丹参根腐病病原菌产生抑制作用。说明这10株菌株均可产生抑制丹参根腐病病原菌的活性物质。综合比较,菌株zyzx-001抑制作用最强。经鉴定,菌株zyzx-001属于链霉菌属。     

棘孢木霉菌鉴定及其对花生白绢病生防机制的研究

为了利用生防菌有效防控花生白绢病Sclerotium rolfsii,本研究采用稀释培养法从花生根际土中分离木霉菌,采用平板对峙法和盆栽试验筛选对花生白绢病具有高效生防效果的菌株并测定其生防机制,通过形态学、分子生物学技术和环境因子对发育的影响确定生防菌株的分类地位及生物学特性。结果表明,从分离的132株木霉菌中筛选出1株对齐整小核菌S.rolfsii具有高效抑菌效果的菌株GH-20,抑菌率达89.93%,将其鉴定为棘孢木霉菌Trichodermaasperellum。对峙培养时,菌株GH-20对齐整小核菌的拮抗指数达Ⅰ级,当其菌落覆盖病原菌菌落后,其菌丝缠绕和侵入病原菌菌丝,并使病原菌菌丝体逐渐消解、减少,导致病原菌不能产生菌核;菌株GH-20产生的挥发性代谢产物（volatile gas,VOG）和非挥发性代谢产物（non-VOG）对病原菌的抑菌率分别为59.95%和79.49%。盆栽试验结果表明,同时接种菌株GH-20和齐整小核菌对花生白绢病生防效果最好,为79.64%。另外,该菌株具有在以果糖为碳源,以酵母膏为氮源和pH7的条件下生长发育较好,光照有利于生长而光暗交替有利于孢子...     

香蕉枯萎病生防菌对杀虫剂的适应性研究

将4株香蕉枯萎病生防细菌bio ZK11、bio HN2、bio HN10和bio F4分别与杀虫剂噻唑磷、毒死蜱、辛硫磷混合,测定其混合液对香蕉枯萎病病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用以及杀虫剂对生防菌生长繁殖的影响。结果显示,噻唑磷对生防菌bio ZK11的抑菌作用没有影响,而毒死蜱和辛硫磷增强bio ZK11的抑菌作用;噻唑磷和毒死蜱增强bio HN2的抑菌作用,辛硫磷则对bio HN2的抑菌作用没有影响;噻唑磷、毒死蜱和辛硫磷增强了生防菌bio HN10的抑菌作用;噻唑磷、毒死蜱和辛硫磷对生防菌bio F4的抑菌作用没有影响。辛硫磷对生防菌bio HN2的菌落生长有一定的影响,对另外3种生防菌没有影响;噻唑磷对4种生防菌菌落大小都没有影响;毒死蜱对香蕉枯萎病生防菌bio HN10的菌落大小没有影响,但使生防菌bio ZK11、bio HN2和bio F4的菌落变小。3种杀虫剂除了对生防菌bio F4的生长量没有显著影响,对其他3种拮抗菌的生长都有一定的影响。     

玉米根际细菌群落特征及生防菌筛选

为了明确玉米根际细菌群落结构特征并从中筛选玉米病害生防资源,本研究采用培养法从玉米根际分离得到1584株细菌,分别属于变形菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门,其中变形菌门为优势菌群。在属水平上,假单胞菌为优势菌群。以玉米大斑菌为靶标菌,通过平板对峙方法,筛选出162株具有抑菌效果的菌株,其中1株抑菌效果最强,根据形态学和分子生物学结合的方法,将其鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌。该菌对4种玉米病害病原菌具有广谱的抑菌效果,且含有脂肽类抗生素合成基因,其脂肽类物质粗提液对病原菌的抑制率高达81.56%。总体来看,该菌株具有较大的生防潜力,可作为生防菌防治玉米病害。     

十字花科根肿病生防菌副地衣芽胞杆菌ZF480的鉴定及其防效

为有效防控十字花科蔬菜生产中的毁灭性病害——根肿病,以尖孢镰孢菌Fusarium oxysporum和辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici为指示菌,利用平板对峙法对分离自土壤的1 198株细菌进行筛选,进通过盆栽试验筛选对十字花科根肿病具有良好防效的生防菌株,并基于形态学特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA、gyrB和atpD多基因系统发育分析对生防菌株进行鉴定,同时测定其抑菌谱和田间防效。结果表明,通过对峙培养筛选获得115株有抑菌效果的生防菌株,采用盆栽试验获得1株对根肿病菌具有拮抗效果的菌株,命名为ZF480。结合形态学特征和系统发育分析结果将该菌株鉴定为副地衣芽胞杆菌Bacillus paralicheniformis。菌株ZF480对野油菜黄单胞野油菜变种Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris等10种病原菌具有拮抗效果,抑菌谱较宽,对白菜根肿病的盆栽防效和田间防效分别达到72.82%和64.08%。表明副地衣芽胞杆菌菌株ZF480对十字花科根肿病具有显著的防效,可作为生防菌进一步开发利用。     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.     

Characterization of potato potyvirus Y (PVY) isolates from seed potato batches. Situation of the NTN, Wilga and Z isolates

A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVY^N strain and six to the PVY^O strain. No PVY^C was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVY^O, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Ny_tbr gene and probably represent the PVY^Z group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVY^O and PVY^N and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVY^O, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVY^N-Wilga. Some PVY^N isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVY^NTN group. The PVY^NTN, PVY^N-Wilga and PVY^Z groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVY^N and PVY^O, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.     

The autumn leafroller: Phenology,damage and parasitoids in a Dutch apple orchard

The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.     

Characterization of Sclerotinia minor populations in Texas peanut fields

In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.     

Eyespot of Cereals Revisited: ITS phylogeny Reveals New Species Relationships

Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.     

Tumours of Begonia and some other ornamentals,induced by Corynebacterium fascians

In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.