2种棉籽蛋白粉代谢能和氨基酸消化率的评定

通过强饲法测定2种棉籽蛋白粉A和B的代谢能和氨基酸消化率及α-半乳糖苷酶对棉籽蛋白粉代谢能的影响。试验1,选择48只体质量约2．5kg的海兰褐父母代种公鸡,分为6个处理组,每处理组8只鸡,用于测定2种棉籽蛋白的代谢能和氨基酸消化率。试验2,选择24只海兰褐父母代种公鸡,分为3个处理组,每处理组8只鸡,分别测定棉籽蛋白粉B、棉籽蛋白粉B＋α-半乳糖苷酶和内源代谢能。结果表明,棉籽蛋白粉A的表观代谢能和真代谢能分别是8．83和9．92MJ／kg;棉籽蛋白粉B的表观代谢能和真代谢能分别是9．10和10．19MJ／kg。除了含硫氨基酸,棉籽蛋白粉B的各氨基酸含量均高于棉籽蛋白粉A。棉籽蛋白粉A的蛋氨酸和胱氨酸真消化率分别为86．63％和84．56％,棉籽蛋白粉B的蛋氨酸和胱氨酸真消化率分别为75．72％和82．88％。棉籽蛋白粉B的氨基酸消化率略低于棉籽蛋白粉A。α-半乳糖苷酶对棉籽蛋白粉的代谢能测定值无明显影响。     

黄羽肉鸡对五种饲料原料养分利用率比较

为测定黄羽肉鸡对玉米蛋白粉、酶力肽、菌体蛋白、菊花粉粕和红薯淀粉渣5种饲料原料的养分利用率,试验选用体质量和体况近似的黄羽肉鸡35只,分为7个处理,每个处理设5个重复,每个重复1羽,设5个试验组,试验组分别投喂1种饲料日粮（30%待测饲料原料和70%基础日粮组成）,收集的粪便样品待测。结果显示：黄羽肉鸡对酶力肽的表观代谢能、氮校正代谢能、蛋白质表观利用率和蛋白质真利用率均为最高,其次是菌体蛋白或玉米蛋白粉,而菊花粉粕最低;5种原料的氨基酸表观利用率为-130.42%～96.64%,氨基酸表观利用率的最高值均出现在酶力肽中,其次为玉米蛋白粉,最低的为菊花粉粕;氨基酸真利用率总体趋势和表观利用率一致,黄羽肉鸡对酶力肽的氨基酸真利用率最高,为93.80%～99.05%,玉米蛋白粉次之,对菊花粉粕的氨基酸真利用率最低。由此可知,黄羽肉鸡对酶力肽和玉米蛋白粉的利用率较好,对菌体蛋白、菊花粉粕和红薯淀粉渣的利用率较低。     

味精蛋白对鸡代谢能和养分代谢率影响的研究

试验选用24只2kg左右的蛋公鸡,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6只鸡,前3个处理分别给每只鸡强饲占体重3%的待测原料,第4个处理作为内源对照组,测定内源排泄量,以评定味精蛋白对鸡代谢能和养分代谢率的影响。结果表明:味精蛋白的总能比豆粕高3.87%,而比玉米蛋白粉低15.56%;粗蛋白含量达到71.45%,分别比豆粕和玉米蛋白粉高64.03%和22.32%。味精蛋白的表观代谢能、真代谢能、粗蛋白表观消化率和真消化率、总氨基酸表观消化率和真消化率均极显著低于豆粕和玉米蛋白粉(P<0.01)。而干物质表观消化率和真消化率三者间无显著差异(P>0.05)。在已测定的17种氨基酸中,除甘氨酸外,味精蛋白粉其他氨基酸表观消化率和真消化率均极显著低于豆粕和玉米蛋白粉(P<0.01)。这表明味精蛋白的养分利用率低于豆粕和玉米蛋白粉。     

喷雾干燥破膜血球蛋白粉在断奶仔猪上的营养价值评定

试验选用体重(15.6±1.98)kg杜长大仔猪12头,在测定血球蛋白粉常规养分和氨基酸含量基础上进行消化代谢试验。采用单因子试验设计,用无氮日粮和血球蛋白粉半纯合日粮法测定血球蛋白粉中粗蛋白质和能量的消化利用率及猪回肠末端氨基酸的表观消化率。结果表明:血球蛋白粉含粗蛋白质91.87%,总能20.96MJ/kg,总氨基酸71.85%,其中主要限制性氨基酸:赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和异亮氨酸含量分别为6.32%、0.91%、2.30%、0.36%。粗蛋白质表观和真消化率分别为92.69%和94.34%,总氨基酸回肠表观消化率80.83%,消化能19.28MJ/kg,代谢能19.03MJ/kg。     

饲用皮革蛋白粉氨基酸利用率的测定

饲用皮革蛋白粉是利用皮革工业加工的废渣,经水解脱铬处理生产的新型非常规蛋白饲料。其蛋白质含量高达80%以上,但是其氨基酸能否被动物所利用是评价其营养价值的关键。本研究测定了广东省深圳市某公司生产的饲用皮革蛋白粉氨基酸利用率。本研究采用法国 AEC(1987)改进真代谢能法(TME 法)。选用健康成年的岭     

应用Sibbald“TME”方法测定鸡饲料氨基酸利用率的研究

饲料氨基酸利用率的测定是进行可利用氨基酸营养研究的一项基础性工作。本研究利用去盲肠公鸡,应用Sibbald“TME”方法,测定了玉米、次粉、高粱、菜籽饼、棉籽饼、棉仁粕、胡麻饼、豆饼、豆粕、鱼粉、豌豆蛋白粉、绿豆蛋白粉、蚕豆蛋白粉的氨基酸表观和真消化率。氨基酸平均真消化率超过90%的依次为豆粕、蚕豆蛋白粉、鱼粉、绿豆蛋白粉、豌豆蛋白粉。消化率低于85％、高于80％的依次为高粱、玉米、次粉,消化率低于80％的依次为棉仁粕、豆饼、菜籽饼、胡麻饼、棉籽饼。所测饲料各氨基酸的平均真消化率大于85％的依次为谷氨酸、异亮氨酸、精氨酸、门冬氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸;消化率在80％～85％之间的依次为丝氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、丙氨酸;小于80％的依次为苏氨酸、赖氨酸和胱氨酸。研究结果表明,不同饲料和不同氨基酸之间消化率存在很大的差异。内源氨基酸排泄量对低蛋白饲料氨基酸利用率存在较大的影响。适当的加工处理对于提高饼粕类饲料的氨基酸消化率具有重要意义。     

中国饲料成分及营养价值表1995年版修订说明

1995年版《中国饲料成分及营养价值表》在1994年版的基础上,增加了玉米胚芽饼、玉米胚芽粕、粉浆蛋白粉、黑麦4种原料,并对次粉的猪消化能、鸡代谢能值进行了修订。 玉米胚芽饼因其加工工艺不同,营养价值变异较大。本表根据国内实测数据,列出玉米胚芽饼、玉米胚芽粕的营养成分数据,供读者参考。 粉浆蛋白粉又名淀粉醪蛋白,因加工工艺、得率、原料的不同,饲料成分及营养价值有一定变异,但经过     

采用TME法对血浆蛋白粉和血球蛋白粉氨基酸利用率和有效能的研究

利用正常的艾维茵成年公鸡,应用改良的Sibbald“TME”方法,测定了血浆蛋白粉和血球蛋白粉氨基酸和能量的利用率。结果表明:血浆蛋白粉氨基酸的平均AAAD和TAAD分别为95.70%和98.56%,而血球蛋白粉分别为91.59%和93.38%;血浆蛋白粉和血球蛋白粉的AME和TME分别为11.72 MJ/kg和12.96 MJ/kg、9.02 MJ/kg和10.41 MJ/kg。研究表明,适当的加工处理对于提高血粉的氨基酸和能量利用率具有重要意义。     

血浆蛋白粉在仔猪饲料中的添加使用

<正> 血浆蛋白粉是近几年来兴起的一种新型饲料添加剂。特别适宜在仔猪饲料中使用,在断奶仔猪中应用有多种作用效果。血浆蛋白粉的种类按血液的来源和加工方法主要有以下几类:猪血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)、低灰分猪血浆蛋白粉(LA1F)、母猪血浆蛋白粉(SDSPP)和牛血浆蛋白粉(SⅢ1P)。其作用效果大体相同,其中以猪血浆蛋白粉较多和常用,一般情况下血浆蛋白粉多指本产品。血浆蛋白粉的营养较为全面,蛋白质含量在75%以上,赖氨酸等必须氨基酸的含量也较高,且氨基酸的比例较为平衡。血浆蛋白粉的消化能可达每千克17.1兆,代谢能为每千克16.6兆焦,是一种高能量物     

味精菌体蛋白粉在肉仔鸡中的能量和回肠氨基酸表观消化率的研究

通过两个试验测定了味精菌体蛋白粉在肉仔鸡中的能量和回肠氨基酸的表现消化率.试验1选用体重相近的22日龄健康肉仔鸡64只,随机分成2个组,每组8个重复,其中一组饲喂基础日粮,另一组饲喂供试日粮.选用二氧化钛(TiO2)为外源指示剂进行代谢试验.以评定肉仔鸡对味精蛋白粉的能量利用率.结果表明:味精菌体蛋白粉对内仔鸡的氮校正能量的表观利用率为(36.07±2.76)%.试验2选用体重相近的26日龄健康肉仔鸡32只,随机分为8组,选用TiO2为外源指示剂,采用回肠末端法进行代谢试验,对味精菌体蛋白粉的回肠末端氨基酸的表现消化率进行评定.结果表明:肉仔鸡时味精菌体蛋白粉中4种限制性氨基酸的回肠末端表现消化率分别为:赖氨酸(44.45±0.04)%、蛋氨酸(64.66±0.11)%、苏氨酸(45.16±0.04)%、胱氨酸(90.12±0.03)%;肉仔鸡对味精菌体蛋白粉中17种氨基酸的回肠末端表观消化率平均值为(48.23±0.62)%.表明内仔鸡对味精菌体蛋白粉中能量和氨基酸的利用率均较低.     

Nutritive Value of Four Soybean Products in Diets for Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar,L.)

Abstract

Four processed soybean products were evaluated as protein sources for Atlantic salmon: solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM44), dehulled and solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM50), dehulled full-fat soybean meal (FFSBM) and soybean concentrate (SBC). The soybean products replaced high-quality fish meal at levels corresponding to 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56% soybean protein of total protein.

Dietary inclusion of SBC, at the expense of fish meal, did not affect weight gain, carcass lipids, fecal excretion of nutrients or fecal dry matter content significantly. The nutritive value of the SBC protein appeared comparable to that of the fish meal. The three other soybean products impaired performance increasingly with increasing levels of inclusion, indicating lower nutritive value than for the fish meal. The favourable results seen with SBC indicated a great potential of soybean to become an important protein source for Atlantic salmon through improved processing.     

罗非鱼蛋氨酸利用的研究进展

罗非鱼是我国南方最重要的水产养殖品种之一,而且近年来养殖规模迅速发展。但由于鱼粉价格昂贵而且鱼粉中含有较多的磷而不能被鱼类利用,因此,用植物蛋白质替代鱼粉成为最近动物营养与饲料研究的热点。蛋氨酸是罗非鱼饲料中所必需而植物蛋白质中含量不足的第一限制性氨基酸。所以,利用植物蛋白质源替代罗非鱼饲料中的动物蛋白质源,需要补充蛋氨酸以满足鱼类的生理需要。本文就罗非鱼对蛋氨酸等研究进展作一综述。     

The influence of caecectomy on amino acid availability of three feedstuffs for ganders

1. Experiments were conducted to assess the influence of caecectomy on amino acid availability (AAA) of three feedstuffs for goose. 2. Nine caecectomised and 9 intact Yangzhou ganders, 24 weeks old, were used in these experiments. Fish meal, soybean meal and cottonseed meal were used as the sole source of protein. The endogenous amino acid (AA) losses were evaluated by a nitrogen (N)-free diet method. The influence of caecectomy on apparent amino acid availability (AAAA) in fish meal, soybean meal and cottonseed meal was assessed in experiment 1 and true amino acid availability (TAAA) of three protein diets was determined in experiment 2. 3. Results showed that, in the soybean meal and cottonseed meal, the AAAA and TAAA of most AA determined by the intact ganders were higher than in the caecectomised ganders; in the fish meal, the AAAA and TAAA of most AA determined by the intact ganders were lower than in the caecectomised ganders. 4. Results of the present study suggest that the effect of caecectomy on AAA in geese was dependent on the feedstuff assayed, and it was better to use caecectomised poultry for AAA assessment.     

The effects of poultry meal source and ash level on nursery pig performance

Weanling pigs (total of 560) were used in two experiments to determine the effects of poultry meal in nursery diets on pig performance. In Exp. 1,210 barrows and gilts (initially 7.4 kg and 21 +/- 2 d of age) were fed one of five diets, which included a control diet with no specialty protein products or (as-fed basis) the control with 2.5 or 5.0% fish meal, or 2.9 or 5.9% poultry meal (11.8% ash). Poultry meal replaced fish meal on an equal lysine basis. Overall (d 0 to 28), pigs fed diets containing fish meal had greater (P < 0.01) ADG than pigs fed poultry meal. Increasing fish meal tended to have increased (quadratic, P < 0.07) ADG, with the greatest improvement observed in pigs fed the diet containing 2.5% fish meal. Pigs fed diets containing fish meal had improved (P < 0.01) G:F compared with pigs fed diets containing poultry meal. In Exp. 2, a total of 350 barrows and gilts (initially 8.9 kg and 22 +/- 2 d of age) were fed one of seven experimental diets, which included a control diet with no specialty protein products, or the control with 2.5 or 5.0% fish meal, 2.9 or 5.8% low-ash (10.9%) poultry meal, and 3.1 or 6.2% high-ash (13.5%) poultry meal. Poultry meal replaced fish meal on an equal lysine basis. Overall (d 0 to 15), there were no differences in ADG and ADFI (P = 0.14); however, pigs fed diets containing fish meal or poultry meal had improved (linear, P < 0.01) G:F compared with pigs fed the control diet. Pigs fed diets containing low-ash poultry meal had greater (P < 0.01) G:F compared with pigs fed diets containing high-ash poultry meal. Based on these data, quality control specifications, such as ash content, need to be considered when using poultry meal as an animal protein replacement in diets for nursery pigs.     

Nutrients and toxicants in rapeseed meal: a review

The composition of rapeseed meal and hulls is reviewed with emphasis on components of nutritional interest. Carbohydrates in rapeseed meal are mainly pectins, pentosans and cellulose and comprise nearly one-half the gross energy. The digestibility of energy is lower for rapeseed than for soybean meal. Protein is well digested, but the protein digestion coefficient and the availability of amino acids are lower than for soybean meal. Data on digestible and metabolizable energy are summarized. The kinds of glucosinolates present in high (HG) and low (LG) glucosinolate rapeseed meal and the nature of their hydrolytic products are discussed. The toxic effects of oxazolidinethione , isothiocyanates, thiocyanates and nitriles, and their relationship to their parent glucosinolates , to myrosinase action and to conditions during rapeseed processing are reviewed briefly. The effects of glucosinolates in animal tissues and products and the effects of converting to LG rapeseed meal are presented. Finally, a brief review is given of the responses of swine and cattle to the feeding of HG and LG rapeseed meal. The nutritional advantages of LG rapeseed meal, over the older type HG meal, are clearly evident from the feeding trials.     

植物蛋白源替代鱼粉对鱼类机体氧化胁迫的研究进展

合理的开发与利用植物蛋白源已成为解决鱼粉全球性缺乏的重要途径之一。较高比例的植物蛋白源会导致鱼体承受的氧化胁迫加剧,进而造成机体损伤,影响鱼类对植物蛋白源的利用效率。文章对已开展的研究结果进行归纳、分析与讨论,旨在为提高鱼类对植物蛋白源利用研究开拓新的思路。     

酵母蛋白粉替代肉鸡日粮中鱼粉的效果研究

选用1日龄AA肉鸡600羽随机分成5组,每组设6个重复,每个重复20羽,分别饲喂鱼粉对照日粮和用酵母蛋白粉等能等蛋白替代对照日粮中25%、50%、75%和100%鱼粉的试验日粮,研究用活性酵母蛋白粉替代鱼粉作为蛋白源对肉鸡生长性能以及养分利用率的影响。结果表明:100%替代组的后期增重较对照组提高0.84%(P>0.05),100%替代组的后期及全期料重比较对照组降低2.20%和1.56%,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。各组之间营养物质的利用率差异不显著(P>0.05)。100%替代组可以降低饲料成本和增重成本。酵母蛋白粉替代肉鸡日粮中的鱼粉是可行的。     

几种断奶仔猪饲料原料系酸力的比较研究

试验研究了不同工艺形式及不同营养水平的几种断奶仔猪饲料原料的系酸力水平,结果表明:普通玉米与膨化玉米、直火工艺鱼粉与蒸汽鱼粉系酸力差异不显著(P0.05),普通豆粕蛋白水平越高,系酸力越高(P0.01),高蛋白乳清粉系酸力极显著高于低蛋白乳清粉(P0.01),高蛋白水平发酵豆粕(CP48.03%)系酸力低于普通豆粕(CP46.4%()P0.01),膨化大豆(CP39.13%)系酸力极显著低于其他形式豆粕系酸力(P0.01),血浆蛋白粉系酸力极显著高于鱼粉和乳清粉(P0.01),矿物质饲料原料有较高的系酸力。     

酶解羽毛粉的体外蛋白质消化率及其在生长猪日粮中的应用效果

试验旨在测定酶解羽毛粉的体外蛋白质消化率,同时研究酶解羽毛粉替代日粮中鱼粉对生长猪生产性能和蛋白质消化率的影响。体外试验采用胃蛋白酶-胰酶水解法对水解羽毛粉和酶解羽毛粉进行消化测定其蛋白质消化率。饲养试验选用135头体重相近的杜×长×大生长猪,随机分成3组,分别为对照组(3%秘鲁鱼粉组),处理Ⅰ和Ⅱ(酶解羽毛粉50%和100%替代秘鲁鱼粉)。结果表明:酶解羽毛粉体外蛋白质消化率比水解羽毛粉提高了15.38%(P<0.05)。处理组平均日增重和平均日采食量与对照组均无显著差异(P>0.05);饲料增重比及蛋白质消化率也与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。结合生产性能试验与经济效益分析,酶解羽毛粉100%等蛋白替代秘鲁鱼粉组为最佳,在生产实践中具备实用性和可行性。     

Studies on the use of wheat rich in crude protein in the feeding of broilers. 1. Experimental procedure, weight gains, food consumption and food efficiency]

A fattening trial was carried out with 8 groups of broilers each comprising 1225 birds. Within this trial tests were made to replace the protein feeds of newly hatched chicks over a period of up to 56 days of age, by wheat rich in crude protein. If wheat with a high crude protein content is fed supplementation with lysine and methionine will be necessary depending on the kind of protein feed used. No supplementation with amino acids is required if rations of fish meal + extracted soya bean meal are used despite their reduced content of these amino acids. The broilers consumed larger quantities of the wheat + extracted soya bean meal+fish meal ration than of the mixtures containing no fish meal. Food requirements per unit of weight gain were the same for the mixtures containing high-protein wheat and for the standard maize ration. The lowest food consumption per unit of weight gain was computed for the wheat + extracted soya bean meal diet supplemented with amino acids. The same quantities of lysine, thioamino acids and threonine were necessary for broilers receiving the wheat rations as for birds of the standard group. Protein feed may be saved by using high-protein wheat in the fattening of broilers. The rates of weight gain obtained with these rations are the same or even better than those achieved with rations of maize + fish meal+soya bean meal.