猪精液中五种病毒的初步检测

为探明猪精液在疫病传播中的作用,应用PCR和RT-PCR技术分别从发病猪场和未发病猪场采集种公猪精液进行猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)和牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)的检测。结果发现,发病猪场的种公猪精液中CSFV、PRRSV、PRV、PCV-2的感染率分别为30.0%、50.0%、4.0%和30.0%,而未发病猪场的感染率分别为4.0%、20.0%、0.0%和8.0%,这表明精液是多种猪病原传播的良好媒介,提示种公猪对于疫病的发生和传播起着重要作用。     

云南省部分地区种公猪精液携带繁殖障碍性病毒调查研究

为了解云南省部分地区规模化猪场种公猪精液繁殖障碍病毒性病原的感染状况,应用PCR对2014年—2016年间云南省部分地区规模化猪场212份种公猪精液进行了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)和猪细小病毒(PPV)5种与猪繁殖障碍有关的病原检测。结果表明,PPRSV阳性率为7.08%,CSFV阳性率为3.77%,PCV2阳性率为6.60%,PRV阳性率为3.30%,没有检测出PPV,PRRSV和PCV2的感染率呈上升趋势,其他疫病保持相对平稳态势。所有的混合感染样品中,均检测出了PRRSV,其中PRRSV和PCV2的混合感染最为常见。结果提示,控制猪场疫病发生的关键是控制PRRSV和PCV2的流行,有必要加强对种猪群的疫病病毒检测,推行种猪场主要疫病的控制与净化工作。     

种公猪调教期精液质量监测情况分析

1994年10月,从太仓县家改站引进大约克、长大F_1和大约克×长大、大约克×大长后备公猪14头,放在同一幢猪舍由一个饲养员以相同的日粮配方饲养,7月龄开始调教.精液处理按江苏省标准局颁布的《猪统一供精综合技术标准》操作.(1)精液浓度及活力测定:浓度以血球计数法和目测法测定,活力以能作直线运动的精子百分数统计.(2)精液稀释配方:葡萄糖5.5克、柠檬酸钠0.5克、EDTA0.1克,加蒸馏水至100毫升.(3)精液保存:精液经稀释后分别在室温(7～29℃的自然温度)避光保存和旱井(12～15℃)保存,每隔24小时观察精子活力至死亡.     

种公猪精液品质与微量元素关系研究

对１４头种公猪精液品质下降原因进行了７种微量元素的检测分析,结果表明,检测组精液中Ｚｎ,Ｓｅ、Ｃｏ三种元素含量分别比对照组少４０．４％,５１．２％和３１．６％,两组比较差异达极显著水平和显著水平。Ａ组鬃毛中Ｚｎ、Ｓｅ、Ｃｏ三种微量元素含量分别比Ｂ组少４３．３％、４８．６％和２６％。其他４种微量元素含量差异不显著。结果还表明,种公猪精液品质下降与Ｚｎ、Ｓｅ、Ｃｏ三种微量元素含量偏低有直接关系。     

提高种公猪精液质量的技术措施

东海县畜禽改良站自1986年以来,担负着全县24个乡镇能繁殖母猪17000多头的统一供精工作,历时5年累计向全县提供精液345万毫升,计15万瓶精液,配种母猪达125676头。受精105567头,受精率达84％,产仔100多万头。为本县生猪改良起到积极推动作用,并取得较好社会经济效益,现将种公猪饲养管理、采精检验和精液运输等技术措施分述如下。一、饲料饲料是养好种公猪提高精液质量的基础,     

种公猪精液伪狂犬病野毒的筛查

本文基于1 100头基础母猪的规模化场进行公猪精液伪狂犬病病毒筛查,农业部规定伪狂犬病病原学检测方法是通过ELSIA方法检测猪伪狂犬病gE野毒抗体。由于抗体检测具有滞后性,导致正在发生感染的猪群g E抗体检测往往呈阴性,但此时通过病原学检测精液已经正在排毒。本文互补了ELSIA抗体检测方法与荧光定性PCR检测病原的优劣,成功实现种公猪精液伪狂犬病病毒的筛查。     

种公猪精液稀释液配方对比试验

种公猪精液稀释直接影响精虫活力有效保存时间.同一公猪精液用不同配方稀释后,在相同环境条件下保存,其保存的时限差异较为明显.1978年,我站曾对有关资料提供的8个配方分3批设置10个组(原精液2个组)进行对比试验,从中筛选出第5号配方在全州推广,1992年以5号配方为对照与增加磷酸氢二钠,改变其它3种药品用量的配方作引证对比试验,现报告于后.     

种公猪精液中的猪瘟病毒RT-PCR快速检测

为了研究猪瘟病毒在种公猪精液、精子中的分布情况,试验对7份种公猪精液中的精子和3份精液上清液进行了猪瘟病毒特异基因片段的RT-PCR扩增。结果表明:在种公猪的精子及精液上清液中均存在猪瘟病毒。说明猪瘟病毒可以通过精液和精子传播。     

日本乙型脑炎病毒的分离与鉴定

收集一例疑为乙型脑炎病毒感染的种公猪肿大的睾丸病料,并将其处理制成匀浆过滤后,用乳鼠脑内接毒和细胞接毒相结合的方法盲传并分离病毒,然后设计一对PrM/E基因的特异性引物,采用RT-PCR方法对所分离的病毒进行鉴定,并将其PrM/E基因扩增产物测序,测序结果与乙型脑炎GenBank登陆的SA14-14-2株(AF315119)和SA14株(U14163)进行比较。结果表明,所分离病毒的PrM/E基因序列与JEV强毒株SA14和弱毒株SA14-14-2相应序列同源性分别为98.1%和97.1%,证实分离毒株为乙型脑炎病毒。     

猪日本脑炎病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立

设计了1对引物,利用RT-PCR技术检测乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)。从GenBank中查出收录的31株猪乙型脑炎病毒E基因的已知序列,用DNA star软件对这31株猪乙型脑炎病毒E基因进行同源性分析,以确定扩增的靶序列。以这段靶区域为模板,利用Primer 5软件设计了1对引物,用减毒株SA14-14-2建立了检测乙脑病毒的RT-PCR方法,经敏感性,特异性试验测定,证明该方法敏感,特异;该法可检出样品稀释至256倍的鼠脑毒,相当于0.06个TCID50,对4株河北地区JEV分离株进行检测,结果所设计引物对4株病毒均能扩增出预期的片段。     

Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus in wild birds captured in Korea

Climate change induced by recent global warming may have a significant impact on vector-borne and zoonotic diseases. For example, the distribution of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has expanded into new regions. We surveyed the levels of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies against JEV (Family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) in wild birds captured in Korea. Blood samples were collected from 1,316 wild birds including the following migratory birds: Oceanodroma castro (n = 4), Anas formosa (n = 7), Anas penelope (n = 20), Fulica atra (n = 30), Anas acuta (n = 89), Anas crecca (n = 154), Anas platyrhynchos (n = 214), Aix galericulata (n = 310), and Anas poecilorhyncha (n = 488). All were captured in 16 locations in several Korea provinces between April 2007 and December 2009. Out of the 1,316 serum samples tested, 1,141 (86.7%) were positive for JEV. Wild birds captured in 2009 had a higher seroprevalence of ant-JEV antibodies than those captured in 2007. Wild birds with an HI antibody titer of 1 : 1,280 or higher accounted for 21.2% (280/1,316) of the animals tested. These findings indicated that wild birds from the region examined in our study have been exposed to JEV and may pose a high risk for introducing a new JEV genotype into Korea.     

日本脑炎病毒弱毒疫苗株全长cDNA的体外合成及恢复病毒的拯救

将病毒的全基因组分成3个重叠的区段分别扩增出来,把这3个片段连接到载体中。以这3个片段为模板,通过融合PCR方法,获得JEV的全长cDNA。以cDNA为体外转录的模板,体外转录获得病毒mRNA,转染BHK-21细胞,拯救JEV病毒。通过生物学特性、分子生物学、蛋白水平等几个方面对恢复病毒进行鉴定,并测定恢复病毒的生长曲线和LD50。结果显示,获得了全长cDNA,体外转录获得的病毒RNA转染BHK-21细胞后,二代恢复病毒可引起明显的细胞病变,间接免疫荧光试验和RT-PCR均为阳性。空斑试验表明,拯救病毒与原病毒空斑表型类似;恢复病毒与亲本毒相比在BHK-21细胞上生长更快;恢复病毒的LD50与亲本毒类似。     

Molecular characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus strains prevalent in Chinese swine herds

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia and domestic pigs serve as the amplifying hosts. In the present study, the full genomic sequences of two JEV strains (HEN0701 and SH0601) isolated from pigs in China were determined and compared with other 12 JEV strains deposited in GenBank. These two strains had an 88.8% nucleotide sequence similarity and 97.9% deduced amino acid sequence homology. HEN0701 had high nucleotide sequence and high amino acid sequence identity with genotype I (GI) strains, while SH0601 had high nucleotide sequence and high amino acid sequence identity with GIII strains at both the gene and full genome levels. Further phylogenetic analysis showed that HEN0701 belonged to the JEV GI group and SH0601 was classified as a GIII strain. Analysis of codon usage showed there were a few differences between the GI and GIII strains in nucleotide composition and codon usage for the open reading frames.     

JEV分子生物学与新型疫苗研究进展

流行性乙型脑炎病毒（Japanese encephalitis virus,JEV)是一种严惩危害人畜健康的虫媒病毒。本文对JEV的基因组结构、结构蛋白、非结构蛋白及其功能、重组活疫苗和核酸疫苗的研究现状以及与常规疫苗相比所具有的优缺点等方面进行了较为详尽的综述，并且提出JEV复制的确切机制及其蛋白尤其是非结构蛋白的结构与功能尚需深入研究，以期为坦步改良JE新型疫苗打下基础。     

Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus infection among equines in India

The seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) among equines was evaluated from January 2006 to December 2009 in 13 different states of India by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and virus neutralization test (VNT). Antibodies against JEV were detected in 327 out of 3,286 (10%) equines with a maximum prevalence reported in the state of Manipur (91.7%) followed by Gujarat (18.5%), Madhya Pradesh (14.4%), and Uttar Pradesh (11.6%). Evidence of JEV infection was observed in equines in Indore (Madhya Pradesh) where a 4-fold or higher rise in antibody titer was observed in 21 out of 34 horses in November 2007 to October 2006. In March 2008, seven of these horses had a subsequent 4-fold rise in JEV antibody titers while this titer decreased in nine animals. JEV-positive horse sera had a JEV/WNV (West Nile virus) ratio over 2.0 according to the HI and/or VNT. These results indicated that JEV is endemic among equines in India.     

Japanese encephalitis virus infection in meerkats (Suricata suricatta)

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection has been recognized as a serious disease in humans. Wildlife animal infections due to JEV have not been well described. This study identified JEV infection in two deceased meerkats in Thailand, with clinical signs of neurological disease. Histopathology of brains revealed severe lymphoplasmacytic necrotizing meningoencephalitis, while similar inflammation was observed in the lung and liver. Partial JEV sequences were identified from the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded-derived brain sections of two meerkats and were found to be genetically similar to a JEV strain detected in China but not from a local strain. Using immunohistochemistry, the virus was identified in neurons and glial cells, and also found in bronchial glands, Kupffer's cells in liver, lymphocytes in the spleen and pancreatic acini, which suggests extraneural infection. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of spheroid viral particles in the lungs. These findings may suggest that infection of extraneural organs in meerkats is similar to that described in JEV-infected humans. In conclusion, this study identified the first JEV infection in meerkats as an interesting case study. The JEV should be considered as an important differential diagnosis in meerkats with encephalitis. Further surveillance on JEV infection in meerkats and other wildlife species in a large cohort is needed in the future study.     

猪日本脑炎病毒的致病机理研究进展

日本脑炎病毒是一种严重威胁人畜健康的虫媒病毒。文章介绍了国内外关于猪日本脑炎病毒的毒力与致病机理方面的研究进展情况及其分子生物学特性,并着重阐述了猪日本脑炎病毒的致病机理,为今后探索对本病的新型预防与治疗措施提供重要的理论依据。