家畜传染病料的采取保存和送检

动物检疫工作中,很多传染病,根据临床症状和病理变化很难确诊.要想查明传染病的病原和毒型,迅速采取有效的控制、扑灭措施,就必须通过尸体剖检,采取典型病料进行实验室检查.因此,正确掌握病料的采取,保存和送检方法,对正确诊断家畜传染病具有重要意义.     

动物尸体解剖的一般操作程序

为了系统地检查尸体所表现出的全部病理变化,尸体剖检必须按照一定的方法和顺序进行.由于不同动物的解剖结构特点、器官和系统之间的生理解剖学关系、疾病的性质等不同,但各种动物的剖检方法和顺序既有共性又有个性.一般剖检程序为:从外部检查到致死动物内部检查到病料采集到尸检后处理. 1 外部检查 剖检前先检查尸体的外表状态,记录待检动物死前的临床症状.包括:尸体概况;动物营养水平;体表有无溃疡、脓肿、创伤、肿瘤、外寄生虫;天然孔检查是否出血等.     

浅谈鸡尸体剖检技术要点

正鸡尸体剖检是指通过解剖有代表性的病鸡或者病死鸡尸体,观察其组织、器官、分泌物的变化情况判断其病情的诊断手段。其是广大养殖企业、养殖户和基层兽医工作人员常用的一种诊断手段,也是鸡病科研单位采取病料进行实验室检查的基础。1剖检准备1.1器具准备进行鸡尸体剖检要用相应的器具,如解剖托盘、手术剪子、镊子以及防护用的口罩、白大褂、一次性橡胶手套等,若需要采取病料进行实验室检查,还应有相应的符合无菌采取病料要     

笼养蛋鸡疾病发生特点及动态分析

１材料与方法１１病例及病料来自成都、乐山等地２０余县市的门诊、出诊及送检病鸡及病料。１２诊断通过流行病学、临床症状、尸体（病死尸和屠宰尸体）剖检及实验室检查进行综合判定。西南民族学院、四川省畜科所、四川省动物防疫监督总站、四川农业大学动物科技学院...     

家禽尸体剖检程序及诊断提示

在家禽疾病诊断中,尸体剖检是最常用的手法,通过对病禽或死禽的剖检,根据所见的特征性病理变化,结合流行特点和生前症状,一般都能够作出初步诊断。同时还能有目的地采取病料,供实验室作进一步检查,确诊。现结合多年兽医临诊的实践,谈一谈家禽的剖检技术,供基层兽...     

鸡尸体的剖检技术

鸡病的治疗重在早治、准治。生产中由于病初发病少，死鸡少，有些养鸡户往往就把病死鸡随意处理掉，耽误了早期治疗而造成损失。有的因离兽医站远或因事耽搁，送诊死鸡尸体腐烂，使诊断不准确而贻误治疗，造成损失。因此，养鸡户有必要掌握一定的鸡尸体剖检技术。一旦发现病、死鸡，又不能及时诊治时，可自行剖检，并做详细剖检记录，然后带着剖检记录找兽医诊治。１外部检查病死鸡在剖开体腔前，应先检查尸体的外部变化。重点查尸休的肥瘦，面部、冠、肉髯的色泽，眼、鼻、口腔有无分泌物及分泌物的性状，有无肿瘤、外寄生虫等。２体腔的剖…     

梅花鹿巴氏杆菌病的诊断与防治

商丘市某野生动物驯养场2000年因发生鹿巴氏杆菌病,导致9只梅花鹿死亡,其中成年公鹿5只,母鹿2只.根据发病季节,病鹿的临床症状,尸体剖检情况,以及病料涂片镜检结果,确诊为鹿巴氏杆菌病.鹿巴氏杆菌病是由多杀性或溶血性巴氏杆菌引起的一种最急性或急性传染病.以呈现急性败血症,出血情炎症或肺炎症状为主要特征.     

18例猝死奶牛的浅析

济南地区各奶牛场,有时发生散发性奶牛猝死。我们自1969—1986年,在济南第一、二、三奶牛场对18例猝死牛只,进行了剖检、致病菌的分离鉴定和瘤胃 pH 值的测定等项检查工作。一、致病菌检验方法1.对奶牛尸体先取末稍血液涂片,染色镜检,根据镜检初步印象确定解剖措施。剖检的同时取病料作为病原分离。取瘤胃内容物200克作为 pH 值测定。2.致病菌的检验方法:取回病料后立即涂片染色镜检,同时接种于血液琼脂平板及     

猪的尸体剖检术式及其在疾病诊断中的应用

1 尸体剖检式 在进行尸体检查前，先仔细了解病死猪的生前情况，尤其是比较明显的临床症状，这将缩小对所患疾病的考虑范围，使剖检有一定导向性。     

鹿场病料的采取、保存及送检介绍

鹿传染病的临床症状和病理变化常不明显，难以作出确诊。因此，需要从病鹿或尸体采取病料，进一步做微生物学和病理学检验，以便迅速确诊，及时采取相应的防疫措施，以达到预防和扑灭鹿传染病的目的。但是，病料采取、保存、送检的方法是否正确，直接影响检验结果，若方法不当甚至延误防疫工作的开展，因此，正确的采取、保存和送检染料，是做好检验工作的重要措施。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.