甘薯人工种子研究

本文以甘薯（Ipomoea batatas L.Lam）腋芽节段为繁殖体,用3-5%海藻酸钠（加入MS基本培养基和3%蔗糖）和1.14-5%CaCl2包裹,制备人工种子。最佳繁殖体为腋芽长度为2-3mm左右的节段;最佳凝胶系统为4%海藻酸钠（加入MS培养基及3%蔗糖）和2% CaCl2;人工种子在MS琼脂培养基上萌发率达61.50%;营养土中成苗率为24.07%;大田移栽     

甘薯腋芽人工种子的研究

以甘薯带腋芽茎段为繁殖体，用4％海藻酸钠(附加MS、3％蔗糖、植物生长调节剂和多菌灵)和2％CaCl2包裹，制作人工种子。将人工种子播种于不同基质上进行萌发。结果表明5—6mm长的茎段为最佳繁殖体。在海藻酸钠中加入多菌灵和IBA有利于人工种子萌发，萌发率分别为70％和72％；加入KT有利于提高人工种子萌发的整齐度。蛭石 MS(无菌)为最佳萌发基质，萌发率达62％。     

制作工艺对甘薯人工种子萌发的影响

以脱毒甘薯“一窝红”的带腋芽茎段为繁殖体,研究了制作工艺对甘薯人工种子萌发的影响。结果表明,在人工胚乳中添加单一种激素有利于人工种子萌发,添加0．5mg/L NAA萌发率达100％;同时添加两种激素不利于人工种子的萌发。包裹基质中添加活性炭助于人工种子萌发,而添加淀粉、CaCl2对人工种子萌发不利。人工种子宜选用10％环己烷作外膜,萌发率高,用壳聚糖作外膜效果不好。     

脱毒甘薯夏季大田繁殖技术

1　选茬、整地、施肥甘薯喜欢肥沃疏松、有机质丰富的沙质壤土 ,前茬作物以禾本科为宜。前茬作物收获后深耕土地 ,实行小垄种植 ,一般垄宽 70～ 75cm。由于脱毒甘薯生长势强 ,容易造成徒长 ,因此在施肥时应重施磷、钾肥 ,减少氮肥用量。一般亩施土杂肥 30 0 0 kg左右 ,氮磷钾复合肥 30 kg,硫酸钾 15～ 2 0 kg。在起垄时一次将肥料施足 ,中、后期一般不追肥。2　种苗的选择、处理选择苗龄 30～ 35d、百株重 0 .5kg以上、叶片大而肥厚、叶色浓绿、苗长 2 0～ 2 5cm、茎粗 4～ 5mm的壮苗作种用。栽前应用磷酸二氢钾或甘薯膨大素浸苗 ,提高成活…     

脱毒甘薯覆膜高产栽培技术

甘薯是无性繁殖作物,体内极易感染和积累病毒,致使品种生产性能退化,产量降低,品质下降。实践证明,因甘薯病毒病影响,可减产25%左右,有的品种减产超过50%。目前,尚无特效药剂防治甘薯病毒病,而通过甘薯茎尖组织培养获得脱毒苗,则是防治甘薯病毒病的有效途径。招远市1996年开展脱毒甘薯推广工作,累计推广0.67万hm²,增收2000多万元。同时把覆膜栽培应用于脱毒甘薯生产,在辛庄镇寺口村开展的脱毒甘薯覆膜栽培高产示范田,经山东省市专家实地验收,产量达到77325kg/hm²,取得了显著的社会和经济效益。1脱毒甘薯的增产因素1.1改善了营养生长状况甘薯脱毒苗栽插后,地上部表现生长势强,出苗早,缓苗快……     

脱毒甘薯栽培技术要点

淀粉加工区,选用脱毒徐薯18、予薯7号等优良脱毒品种,比一般品种增产50％以上,淀粉率提高2％;城郊食用区选用脱毒京薯553、苏薯8号、冀薯4号等,比未脱毒品种增产40％以上。     

甘薯脱毒苗的培育方法

甘薯脱毒苗的培育方法江苏省徐州甘薯研究中心邢继英，杨永嘉，邬景禹，唐君植物组织培养作为生物工程的一项重要技术，近年来发展很快，现已在７００多种植物上得到广泛应用。甘薯是无性繁殖作物，利用茎尖分生组织培养的脱毒苗，能够恢复品种的优良性状，比未经脱毒的原...     

脱毒甘薯北京553的生长动态研究

研究结果表明,北京５５３脱毒后,地上,地下部和普通苗各期生长曲线趋向基本一致。但脱毒苗植株健壮,茎叶生长迅速,光合面积大,薯块膨大早,膨大速度快,地上部与地下部生长相对协调,增产潜力大。     

脱毒甘薯适宜密度初探

试验采用单因素的随机区组设计,探讨研究脱毒甘薯在720m海拔区的最佳群体结构,结果表明:以栽插5000/667m2窝产量最高,单产为2678.4kg/667m2,其次栽4000/667m2窝,单产为2537.6kg/667m2,第3是栽6000窝/667m2,单产为2436.8kg/667m2,栽插3000窝/667m2产量最低,单产为2122kg/667m2,经方差分析区组间不存在显著差异,处理间存在极显著差异,分析讨论认为栽4000~5000窝/667m2是甘薯一号在该地区的最佳密度,可作为指导大面积生产应用参考。     

甘薯综合加工研究

本文在介绍甘薯营养保健功能基础上,简述了甘薯的综合加工技术,并对未来的研究开发重点进行了展望。     

甘薯愈伤组织分化及抗生素耐受性研究

为了研究不同甘薯品种愈伤组织对抗生素耐受性,以及在不同激素配合使用时分化情况,为甘薯转基因工程奠定基础。将不同浓度的羧苄青霉素、卡那霉素和潮霉素以及不同浓度和组合的NAA、BAP 和2,4－D添加进MS培养基,接种不同来源的甘薯愈伤组织并进行观察。[结果]不同甘薯品种对3种抗生素耐受性表现出一定差异,在较低羧苄青霉素浓度（100mg/L）的MS固体培养基中,所有品种愈伤组织生长良好。在较高羧苄青霉素浓度（≧500mg/L）的MS固体培养基中,南薯99和绵粉7号表现出较强的抗生素耐受性。NAA（0.1mg/L）与较高浓度BAP（≧1.0mg/L）配合使用, 不同品种愈伤组织分化率为100%,较低浓度BAP（0.1mg/L）与不同浓度NAA配合使用,分化率极低。     

甘薯与小麦套作对甘薯农艺性状及产量的影响

以10个不同类型的甘薯品种为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,以纯作为对照,研究小麦与甘薯行数比在3∶1和2∶1套作模式下甘薯地上部农艺性状和2种作物鲜产的变化。结果表明:参试甘薯最长蔓长比纯作减小;分枝数和茎粗因品种差异变化不尽一致;漯薯14号在3∶1模式种植时较纯作增产18.77%,漯薯15号在2∶1套作模式下较纯作增产3.99%,其余甘薯品种及小麦鲜产均不同程度下降;套作兼用型(漯薯11号和漯薯15号)甘薯品种产量更高;麦薯3∶1比2∶1套作模式更具优势。     

甘蔗脱毒种苗组织培养技术研究

甘蔗是无性繁殖作物，生产上主要用蔗茎作种，由于多年种植后受到各种病源物的侵染，造成原有优良品种的产量和品质下降。在生产上，危害甘蔗的主要病害有凤梨病、眼点病、黑穗病、花叶病、宿根矮化病等。其中花叶病和宿根矮化病用一般的化学药剂难以防治，花叶病一般使甘蔗减产１０％～４０％，宿根矮化病可使甘蔗减产１０％～３０％，干旱时感病率可达１００％。因此，采用甘蔗脱毒培养技术，生产健康种苗，是恢复甘蔗优良品种种性、提高甘蔗生产的有效手段。关于甘蔗种苗的脱毒培养，巴西、古巴等国早在２０世纪７０年代末便进行了研究，…     

甜高粱常规种与杂交种比较研究

对甜高粱常规种与杂交种进行了比较研究．结果表明：甜高粱杂交种生育性状、主要农艺性状、生长势均比甜高梁常规种高。但含糖量比较低；选用甜高粱常规种还是杂交种要因地因时制宜。在甜高粱育种中杂交种应以提高含糖量、缩短生育日数为主；甜高粱常规种应以增强生长势、保持或提高糖含量为首要。     

甘薯脱毒技术的研究与应用

本文论述了甘薯病毒病的发现及危害,阐明了甘薯脱毒的生物学原理,探讨了甘薯茎尖组织培养、病毒检测及脱毒试管苗的快繁技术,分析了脱毒甘薯四级生产程序及增产性能,提出了脱毒甘薯存在的问题与应用前景.     

Flowering stimulation in sweet potato

Flower formation of most sweet potato clones in the collection at Manokwari was poor and when seed for breeding purposes was desired flowering had to be stimulated accordingly.Of various methods applied to stimulate the flowering some proved to be satisfactory. Good results were obtained in training tendrils to racks and grafting on different species of the genus Ipomoea.     

Identification of molecular markers associated with sweet potato resistance to sweet potato virus disease in Kenya

Sweet potato virus disease (SPVD), a result of the co-infection of whitefly transmitted Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) and the aphid transmitted Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae), is the most destructive disease of sweet potato in East Africa. A study was conducted to establish if genotypes identified as resistant or susceptible to SPVD in Kenya could be distinguished using molecular markers. A total of 47 unrelated sweet potato genotypes were selected from germplasm collections and classified into two phenotypic groups as resistant or susceptible to SPVD. Genotype selection was based on disease severity or days to symptom development in plants following graft inoculation. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker profiles were generated for each individual and used in association studies to identify markers suitable for classifying the two pre-defined phenotypic groups. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant (P < 0.002) variation between the two groups using 206 polymorphic AFLP markers. Discriminant analysis and logistic regression statistical methods were used to select informative markers, and to develop models that would classify the two phenotypic groups. A training set of 30 genotypes consisting of 15 resistant and 15 susceptible were used to develop classification models. The remaining 17 genotypes were used as a test set. Four markers, which gave 100% correct classification of the training set and 94% correct classification of the test set, were selected by both statistical methods.     

脱毒甘薯工厂化四级程序繁育技术

脱毒甘薯工厂化四级程序繁育技术是指利用茎尖分生组织,在无病毒条件下大量培养培育脱毒种苗,从茎尖组织培养到大田种苗按繁育种苗世代高低和质量标准等分成四级,即高级脱毒苗(育种家种子)、脱毒原原种苗(原原种)、脱毒原种苗(原种)、脱毒良种苗(良种),而脱毒良种苗应用于生产的主要形式是统一供种.其关键技术如下.     

Screening sweet potato for source potentials

Summary Screening sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas, L., for source potentials is more difficult than for sink capacities. Twenty clones were grafted to four tester varieties to screen them for source potentials in relation to sink capacities which are interdependent. Source potential of a clone was measured by its average scion effect when grafted on the four tester varieties. There were significant differences in source potentials among the twenty clones. Seven clones were selected for having high source potentials. Clone TIS 2498 was the best. Degrees of response of source to sink were estimated using the regression method for twenty clones showed significant differences and ranged from b–0.45 to b=2.06. Source potential showed significant relationship (r=0.62^**) with response of source to sink. Implication of this approach to sweet potato breeding is discussed.