蔗地不平对收获机砍蔗系统影响的仿真分析

甘蔗根切质量是评价甘蔗收获机砍蔗系统好坏的一个重要指标,它直接影响到宿根第2年发芽率,即宿根蔗产量.通过测量蔗地不平整度,获得了第一手甘蔗种植垄沟不平整的数据,利用MATLAB处理数据得到小型甘蔗收获机以0.4m/s工作速度前进时由蔗地不平引起根切器振动的频率与幅值,并通过虚拟仿真软件ADAMS仿真分析蔗地不平对小型甘蔗收获机械砍蔗系统的影响.     

小型甘蔗收获机物流防堵机构的设计与仿真分析

多根甘蔗同时进入小型甘蔗收获机剥叶机时,存在卡死剥叶辊,使剥叶机不能正常工作的现象.为了防止小型甘蔗收获机物流堵塞,保证剥叶机正常工作,运用螺旋传动原理,设计了小型甘蔗收获机物流防堵机构,并且在Pro/E软件中建立防堵机构的三维模型,导入到ADAMS多体动力学软件中进行仿真分析.仿真结果显示甘蔗通过防堵机构作用后,由原来的拥挤状态变成了分散排列.得出防堵机构在物流过程中具有良好的分散甘蔗、提高物流通过性作用的结论.     

小型甘蔗收获机喂入能力仿真与试验

针对丘陵地区甘蔗收获设计的一种小型整秆式甘蔗收获机,运用物流仿真软件FLEXSIM对甘蔗通过切割系统进行了虚拟仿真试验,试验表明增加切割系统的通道宽度和提高甘蔗的输送速度对防止甘蔗收获机出现堵塞具有显著影响,当物流系统的宽度一定时,提高小型甘蔗收获机的输送速度就显得尤为重要。通过多体动力学仿真软件ADAMS对甘蔗的输送速度进行了仿真,仿真结果表明通过增加甘蔗与螺旋的摩擦因数、增加主动喂入辊及在刀轴上增加橡胶可以提高甘蔗的输送速度。田间试验表明,采取上述措施提高了甘蔗被切断后的输送速度,减少了甘蔗头部受刀盘和固定在刀盘上螺旋反复打击的次数,提高了甘蔗的切割质量及降低了收获机出现堵塞的概率。甘蔗通过切割输送系统的时间由改进前的2~3 s缩短为1.5 s左右,甘蔗头部的完好率由改进前的17.8%提高到57.9%。     

小型甘蔗收获机集蔗机构的设计与仿真

结合甘蔗收获机械研发现状及其设计特点,按照小型甘蔗收获机集蔗机构的功能和要求,利用三维设计软件Pro/E设计了适合于丘陵地区和小田块、坡度≤25°、转弯半径＜2m的甘蔗收获机集蔗机构,分别为三角形集蔗机构、矩形集蔗机构和梯形集蔗机构;并利用仿真分析软件ADAMS对梯形集蔗装置进行了动力学和运动学分析.     

基于ADAMS的甘蔗收获机剥叶元件装夹方式分析

小型甘蔗收获机在剥叶过程中普遍存在伤皮率较高的缺陷。为了改善这个缺陷,通过ADAMS的仿真分析小型甘蔗收获机剥叶元件不同的螺旋角装夹方式对剥叶性能的影响,探索在保持或降低含杂率的前提下,能够降低伤皮率的装夹方式,为甘蔗收获机的研制提供参考依据。     

4GQ-1C型甘蔗收获机作业性能试验与分析

针对目前大中型甘蔗收获机不适宜坡地、小行距和小地块蔗地作业问题,研发了 4GQ-1C型甘蔗收获机.为验证机器适应性和可靠性,对比现有机型,进行了田间试验.试验结果表明,4GQ-1C型甘蔗收获机在进行单行种植模式甘蔗收获时,相比132、194 kW两种机型的甘蔗收获机,具有甘蔗含杂率低、损失率低和作业灵活等优点,能适应小...     

小型甘蔗联合收获机械车架的模态分析

采用虚拟仪器技术,构建机械振动测试系统,通过对小型甘蔗收获机车架的FRF的测量,研究车架的结构在改变工况的情况下具有的运动特性;同时,分析了车架的固有动态特性.结合试验结果,对其进行了评价,找出了车架设计中的缺陷,为小型甘蔗收获机械车架的设计提供依据.     

切断式甘蔗联合收获机的试验与分析

为了探索窄行距的甘蔗收获,对引进的凯斯4000型切断式甘蔗联合收获机作业性能和收获机组系统的性能进行了测试,分别测定甘蔗破头率、损失率、含杂率、油耗和生产效率,并针对凯斯7000与凯斯4000进行了对比试验。结果表明:引进的凯斯4000型甘蔗联合收获机适应窄行距作业,符合农户的作业要求。其破头率为7.45%、损失率为11.68%、含杂率为8.46%、油耗为2.23 L/t、生产效率为15.46 t/h。     

小型甘蔗联合收获机虚拟样机的仿真

采用计算机可视化虚拟设计方法，对小型甘蔗联合收获机虚拟样机的关键部件进行了装配仿真和运动仿真研究。阐明了基于I－DEAS软件虚拟样机仿真的设计思路及其关键技术，求解出各运动部件的运动参数进行了动态干涉检查，得到最适合实际情况的设计参数。该方法可降低设计成本，缩短产品开发周期。     

整秆式甘蔗收获机集蔗机构的设计与仿真

在分析了现有的几种甘蔗收获机集蔗机构存在的一系列缺陷和不足的基础上,结合甘蔗收获机集蔗机构的功能和要求,利用三维设计软件SolidWorks设计了一种整秆式甘蔗收获机集蔗机构的模型,并利用动力学和动力学仿真分析软件ADAMS对该模型进行了动力学和运动学仿真分析。通过观察仿真过程和所得到的甘蔗卸载时质心的运动速度曲线,对该模型做出了适当的修改,得到了比较理想的结果。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。