创新理论支撑下的林场监控灰度投影稳像算法

简单介绍了TRIZ理论和电子稳像技术及灰度投影算法,并对在灰度投影算法应用于林木监控研究的过程中遇到的问题,借助TRIZ理论提供的创新工具,进行详细分析,最终得出解决问题的方法,使灰度投影算法可以更好的处理背景为林木信息的图像,同时证明TRIZ理论可以为计算机算法设计提供一定的帮助。     

基于投影寻踪的森林立地质量评价模型

选择土层厚度、腐殖质层厚度、土壤类型、坡度、坡位等立地因子,采用免疫进化算法建立投影寻踪无林地立地质量综合评价模型。以年龄和投影寻踪的投影值为自变量建立马尾松人工林地位指数模型,实现了无林地和有林地的立地质量评价的有机统一,为森林立地质量评价提供了新的技术途径。     

基于ArcMap导入GPS实测数据与矢量成图

文章介绍了利用ArcMap进行GPS实测数据导入与矢量成图的具体方法,包括:外业坐标数据的采集与转存,转换投影坐标,GPS采集数据点批量导入,矢量成图。该方法为林业资源图制作提供一种新思路,提高了工作精度、效率和质量。     

无人机摄影获取单木三维信息方法研究

随着无人机航空摄影测量技术的成熟和发展,改变了传统森林调查的手段,加快了森林调查的数字化、智能化发展。为提高单木因子的采集效率和精度,降低外业的工作强度,基于倾斜摄影测量技术,以多旋翼无人机为数据采集平台,实现了孤立单木的三维点云模型重建。在此基础上,建立了单木三维信息量测算法,提出切割法和投影法两种提取树冠投影面积的方法,并提取树高、树干任意处直径、树冠投影面积、冠幅、树冠表面积、树冠体积6项测树因子参数。结果表明:1)树木的总高度和第一枝下高的提取精度分别为96.28%和95.61%,胸径和上部直径的提取精度分别为96.24%和93.78%;2)利用切割法和投影法提取树冠投影面积的精度分别为96.28%和98.24%,提取冠幅的精度分别为89.65%和91.50%,提取树冠表面积的精度分别为96.78%和97.58%,提取树冠体积的精度分别为94.29%和96.14%;3)实践证明,该技术可很好地应用到古树名木的保护工作中,并可对森林调查的方式提供新的技术参考,具有较高的现实意义和实际应用价值。     

用换面法求解直线与椭圆球面的交点

求解直线与椭圆球面交点的方法一般采用辅助平面法求截交线，这条截交线的非积聚性投影往往为椭圆曲线.这种方法求解繁琐，而且精度低.采用换面法求解直线与椭圆球面的交点，关键在于确定被改换投影面的位置，使截交线在投影面上的投影为圆.此法使作图大大简化，而且精度极大提高.     

基于BP神经网络的CT图像重建方法研究

提出了将三层BP神经网络算法应用于不完全投影数据的图像重建。采用新的方法确定隐含层至输出层的权值,利用误差反向传播自动调节输入层和隐含层之间的权值,使重建图像投影不断逼近原始图像投影,并采用改进的Sigmoid函数和在线调整学习速率,显著加快了网络收敛速度,提高了重建图像质量。     

林地动态变化的空间矩阵模型分析

以广西岑溪市1999年、2009年两期森林资源规划设计调查结果为数据来源,结合相邻矩阵和转移矩阵建立起空间矩阵模型。应用所建模型对岑溪市林地景观格局、林地转移及其转移趋势进行了实证研究,结果表明:在10年中,岑溪市林地面积有所增加,林地的增加,尤其是有林地较大幅度的增加导致了林地整体质量的提升;空间矩阵模型的构建能够有效挖掘林地动态变化的原因,寻找其变化驱动力,可为今后的林地保护利用规划、林业生产经营等提供科学依据。     

偏冠对树冠垂直投影面积计算的影响

[目的]针对树冠结构复杂、形状不规则等问题,实现树冠垂直投影面积自动计算并提高树冠投影区域面积计算精度.[方法]以研究区453棵杉木为研究对象,精确测量每木8向冠幅.以Visualstudio和ArcGIS混合编程,进行树冠测量半径的坐标转换,采用Bezier曲线进行边界平滑,实现树冠垂直投影面积自动提取,并与传统计算...     

杉木种源选择的投影寻踪法应用

改进的投影寻踪法是一种新方法,这种方法把每一个种源的多指标投影成一维的指标值,根据投影值的大小就可直接进行排序.以福建农林大学莘口教学林场杉木种源试验为例,采用改进的投影寻踪法开展杉木优良种源选择研究.结果表明;从生长快、生长量大、材性好的角度考虑,福建南平是最好的种源;闽北地区杉木种源的调拨以南平种源为佳,其次为湖南会同种源.这与实际试验结论相符,也与应用层次分析法所得的结论基本一致,应用改进投影寻踪法开展林木种源选择是可行的、科学的.     

尾叶桉U6树冠投影面积的三种计算方法比较及用途

本文主要是对尾叶桉U6(E.urophylla U6)采用胸径与树冠投影面积,树高与树冠投影面积,胸径、树高与树冠投影面积推导相关理论树冠投影面积。经进行相关检验,方差分析和精度估算,结果如下:胸径与树冠投影面积的回归方程效果最佳,r=0.95045,相关显著性甚高F=249.49298**,估测精度高达99.50%,达一级水平;其次是胸径、树高与树冠投影面积,R(D-H-S)=0.94937,相关显著达极高水平F=246.37436**,估测精度99.50%,高达一级水平;次之是树高与树冠投影面积,r=0.85718,相关显著性水平也极高F=122.51797**,估测精度也高达一级水平,精度为99.10%。并经作标准回归系数检验,检验结果表明:胸径对树冠投影面积的影响所起的作用远远大于树高所起的作用。所推导的三个树冠投影面积回归方程在本林区适用,而最优解且最简便的是胸径与树冠投影面积的回归方程。以上三个回归方程可为尾叶桉U6(E.urophylla U6)人工林进行抚育间伐的设计与施工提供理论依据。     

多元统计分析方法在林业中应用及IBM-PC系列程序集编制的研究

从70年代开始,随着微机的普及、推广,多元统计分析方法及其他数值分析方法在各个领域得到越来越广泛的应用。这就产生了两种要求:一是系统总结多元统计分析方法理论和应用情况,评价它在林业中应用的可能及前途;二是要为微机配置一套通用程序,使林业工作者从繁重的计算工作中解放出来,使多元统计分析方法付诸实施,也有利于多元统计分析     

Testing the suitability of the Nepal-Somers stand table projection method for Eucalyptus grandis plantations in South Africa

This study presents an application of a stand table projection method for varying stand densities of Eucalyptus grandis in South Africa. The projections of diameter at breast height (dbh) class frequencies are compatible with future values of basal area and stem number per hectare. The application requires an individual tree dbh growth function, a current stand table, and estimates of future basal area, and tree survival. The resulting stand table is adjusted by an algorithm that guarantees that the future stand table is compatible either with observed or predicted values of basal area and stem number per hectare. The results, based on a relatively small experimental dataset, are satisfactory. However, further work based on a larger dataset is required to evaluate the general suitability of the method for stand table projection of Eucalyptus grandis in South Africa, especially regarding variable site conditions. The particular contribution of this study is the fact that we were able to demonstrate the suitability of the Nepal and Somers stand table projection method for a unique dataset from a very densitysensitive Correlated Curve Trend spacing trial. We also made an attempt to present a comprehensive example of a projection to facilitate practical application of this method in the KwaZulu-Natal coastal plain of South Africa.     

福建省森林景观资源质量评价

应用改进的投影寻踪技术建立森林景观资源评价模型,可把各森林景观资源多维分类指标综合成一维投影值。投影值越大,表示该森林景观资源景观价值越大,因此,可以根据投影值的大小,对森林景观资源样本集进行合理区划。改进的投影寻踪技术用于景观资源分级与区划,其优化时间短、投影函数能达到最优,投影寻踪效果理想,简单可行,可操作性强。通过由样本数据驱动的改进的投影寻踪技术,建立福建省阔叶林森林景观资源评价模型,并结合聚类分析进行等级划分,福建省阔叶林景观资源等级划分为三级较为适宜。     

Comparison of four methods for estimating leaf area index based on terrestrial three-dimensional laser scanning

The leaf area index (LAI) of 16 sample plots was estimated based on terrestrial three-dimensional laser scanning. The point-cloud data of stand canopy were first scaled and projected onto a hemisphere according to Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection or stereographic projection, and the resulting hemispherical point-cloud images were used to extract the canopy porosity coefficients. Then, single-angle inversion and Miller formula inversion methods were used, respectively, to calculate the effective leaf area indices with canopy porosity coefficients. Results showed that the effective LAIs estimated by single-angle inversion method with Lambert projection and stereographic projection were within the range of 2.14~5.36 and 1.83~4.67, respectively. The effective LAIs obtained by Miller formula inversion method with Lambert projection and stereographic projection were within the range of 1.84~4.67 and 1.68~4.34, respectively. As a comparison, the LAI measured with a fish-eye camera ranged from 1.55 to 3.87. The LAI values estimated with four different calculation methods were linearly correlated with those measured by a fish-eye camera. The highest coefficient of determination (R²) 90.28% was obtained by the Miller formula inversion method combined with stereographic projection, and Duncan’s new multiple range test also further showed that this method had a relatively higher precision compared to other three methods.     

浅谈种植孔在岩石边坡治理中的优势

笔者将常规立面绿化与种植孔立面绿化进行了对比分析，叙述了种植孔立面绿化的基本原理、绿化岩面的特点及可种植的植物，提出种植孔立面绿化基质的最佳配比，解决了石质岩层破损立面绿化的难题，为山体立面绿化开辟了新的途径和方法。     

基于改进的投影寻踪技术的乌桕发展区域评价

应用改进的投影寻踪技术建立乌桕发展区域评价模型,可把多维分类指标综合成一维投影值。投影值越大,表示该区域乌桕发展潜力越大,因此,可以根据投影值的大小,对乌桕发展区域样本集进行合理区划。改进的投影寻踪技术用于乌桕发展区域分级与区划,投影寻踪效果理想,简单可行,可操作性强。通过由样本数据驱动的改进的投影寻踪技术,建立福建省乌桕发展区域评价模型,并结合聚类分析进行等级划分,区划出乌桕树种发展的中心区、适宜区和边缘区。     

Development of constitutive model for laminated veneer lumber using digital image correlation technique

This paper describes the development of a three-dimensional constitutive model for laminated veneer lumber (LVL) needed for new developments using this material. The LVL was manufactured in New Zealand from Radiata Pine. Experimental testing has been performed according to European timber testing standards. Block compression testing has resulted in modulus of elasticity values in the three material directions. Digital image correlation (DIC) technique has been used to determine the six Poisson’s ratios. Shear testing, whereby timber specimens were glued between two steel plates, has given stiffness values using DIC measurements. Experimental testing results have been compared with values found in literature. Results from this experimental testing programme have made it possible to create a three-dimensional elastic material model of LVL for the use in finite element analysis programmes. Although the material properties do not result in a symmetrical constitutive matrix, only minor adjustments are needed to gain the benefits of a symmetrical matrix.     

Modeling diameter distribution of Austrian black pine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus nigra</Emphasis> Arn.) plantations: a comparison of the Weibull frequency distribution function and percentile-based projection methods

The main purpose of the present investigation is to examine and compare three methods for diameter distribution modeling in terms of their fitness to predict from stand level variables the diameter distributions of even-aged Austrian black pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) plantations in Bulgaria. The percentile-based projection method involving empirical probability density function based on 12 percentiles was the first method tested. A new modified approach based on the first method was proposed as the second alternative. The third method was the 2-parameter Weibull functional model in which parameters were recovered from the first and the second raw moments and the second central moment of the empirical distributions. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was applied to compare the experimental distributions with the predicted ones, and estimation of the error indices was employed to evaluate the total absolute deviation of the predicted numbers from the actual ones by diameter class. The two-parameter Weibull function proved superior to the examined alternative percentile-based projection methods and the newly proposed percentile method, without a driver percentile showed improved precision compared to the classical percentile method (with a driver percentile). The parameters of the Weibull frequency distribution function can be easily recovered from the stand quadratic mean diameter. Consequently, this diameter distribution model could be incorporated as a sub-model for stand horizontal structure characterization within the Stand Density Management Diagram modeling framework.     

Estimating the sustainable harvesting and the stable diameter distribution of European beech with projection matrix models

We present a projection matrix model to estimate the sustainable harvest rates and the stable diameter distributions of three qualities of European beech in the Spanish province of Navarre. Considering a period of 10 years and the diameter growth, trees were grouped into five classes: (0,10), (10,20), (20,30), (30,40) and over 40 cm. The transition probabilities were calculated assuming an approximation by splines to the diameter growth curves and uniform distributions for the diameters in each class. A condition for sustainable harvesting, leading to reach in each harvest the stable diameter distribution, was introduced. The results obtained suggest that, for each projection and depending on the quality, harvest rates in the range 18.8–37.5% for recruitments in the range 200–840 stems/ha, may be sustained without risk of a population reduction. Finally, the stable diameter distributions in relation to the recruitment were also obtained for each quality.     

遗传学“271”高效课堂教学模式改革与探索

指出了遗传学课程内容多、逻辑性强、发展快、学时有限,传统的教学模式(课堂放映课件及教师讲授)过于程式化,很难满足遗传学课堂教学的要求。研究结合教学资源库的建设开展遗传学271高效课堂教学模式的探索,在优化课程教学的内容过程中,逐渐建立和完善了以注重综合创新能力培养的新的高效课堂教学模式。其核心是课堂教学由“填鸭”式教学转向学生学习能力培养,通过抓好教师导学案建设和学生学习小组建设来实现教学目的,变学为思,变学为悟,变学生的被动学习为积极主动的探索,授之以“渔”,提高学生观察问题、解决问题的能力以及创新能力。