高铜对肉雏鸡某些血液指标的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉鸡420只,随机分为7组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu11mg/kg)、高铜日粮I组(Cu100mg/kg,II组Cu200mg/kg,Cu300mg/kgⅢ,Cu400mg/kgⅣ,Cu500mg/kgⅤ,Cu600mg/kgⅥ)六周。结果显示Ⅴ、Ⅵ组雏鸡丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性显著升高,红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量显著降低穴P<0.05或P<0.01雪。结果表明,500mg/kg以上的高铜日粮对雏鸡上述血液生化指标影响明显。     

高铜对雏鸡生长影响的临床观察

高铜对鸡的作用效果研究较少,结果也很不一致,更缺乏不同剂量的铜对雏鸡生长和肝脏中铜残留量影响的研究。试验通过设立不同剂量的高铜日粮,旨在探讨高铜对肉鸡生长性能和肝铜含量的影响,为高铜在肉鸡日粮中的应用提供参考依据。1材料与方法1.1试验材料1.1.1试验动物1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡420只,购于四川省温江正大种禽场。1.1.2试验日粮以玉米-豆粕型基础日粮(含Cu11 mg/kg)作为对照组(1组)日粮,2组日粮添加Cu100 mg/kg,3组日粮添加Cu 200 mg/kg,4组日粮添加Cu 300 mg/kg,5组日粮添加Cu 400 mg/kg,6组日粮添加Cu 500 mg/kg,7组日粮添加Cu 60…     

高铜对雏鸡血清中含铜酶活性的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉鸡420只,随机分为7组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu11mg/kg)、高铜日粮(Cu100mg/kgⅠ、Cu200mg/kgⅡ、Cu300mg/kgⅢ、Cu400mg/kgⅣ、Cu500mg/kgⅤ、Cu600mg/kgⅥ)6周。结果显示:与对照组相比,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组雏鸡血清铜蓝蛋白活性显著升高,Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),表明100mg/kg和200mg/kg的铜能显著提高雏鸡血清铜蓝蛋白活性,而高于500mg/kg时能使其活性降低。铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性变化不明显(P>0.05)。     

高铜对雏鸡血清中含铜酶活性的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉鸡420只,随机分为7组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu11mg/kg)、高铜日粮[Cu100mg/kg(Ⅰ组)、Cu200mg/kg(Ⅱ组)、Cu300mg/kg(Ⅲ组)、Cu400mg/kg(Ⅳ组)、Cu500mg/kg(Ⅴ组)、Cu600mg/kg(Ⅵ组)]6周。结果显示:与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组雏鸡血清铜蓝蛋白活性显著升高,Ⅴ、Ⅵ组显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),表明100mg/kg和200mg/kg的铜能显著提高雏鸡血清铜蓝蛋白活性,而铜高于500mg/kg时能使其活性降低;铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性变化不明显(P>0.05)。     

铜中毒对雏鸡血液生化指标影响的研究

1日龄艾维茵肉鸡健雏180只,随机分为3组,分别喂以对照日粮（Cu 11.92 mg/kg）、铜中毒Ⅰ日粮（Cu650 mg/kg）和铜中毒Ⅱ日粮（Cu 850 mg/kg）6周,以血液病理学方法观察铜中毒对雏鸡血液生化指标的影响.铜中毒Ⅱ组、铜中毒Ⅰ组雏鸡分别于2周龄和3周龄开始出现临床症状,分别死亡7只和3只.血液生化指标变化表现为红细胞胞体和胞核变形;红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量显著降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,血清谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶活性和血清铜含量显著升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,血清铜蓝蛋白活性显著下降（P＜0.01）.结果表明,铜中毒对雏鸡的生长发育和上述血液生化指标影响明显.     

高铜对雏鸡肾脏组织结构及生化指标影响的研究

本研究旨在探讨高铜对雏鸡肾脏组织结构及生化指标的影响.360只1日龄艾维菌肉鸡随机分为6组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu 10.89 mg·kg~(-1))和高铜日粮(Cu 100 mg·kg~(-1),高铜Ⅰ组;Cu 200 mg·kg~(-1)高铜Ⅱ组;Cu400 mg·kg~(-1),高铜Ⅲ组;Cu 600 mg·kg~(-1),高铜Ⅳ组,Cu 800 mg·kg~(-1),高铜Ⅴ组)6周.与对照组比较,高铜Ⅲ组、高铜Ⅳ组、高铜Ⅴ组雏鸡肾脏出现不同程度的病理损害,肾小管上皮细胞颗粒变性、空泡变性;超微结构观察,肾小管上皮细胞线粒体肿胀,嵴断裂,甚至溶解消失呈空泡状.同时,高铜Ⅲ组、高铜Ⅳ组、高铜Ⅴ组雏鸡肾脏及血清铜含量显著升高(P<0.01),肾脏铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn-SOD)活性显著降低(P<0.01),丙二醛(MDA)含量和羟自由基(·OH)含量显著升高(P<0.01).结果表明,日粮铜含量400 mg·kg~(-1)及其以上可引起雏鸡肾脏组织的病理损伤以及肾脏抗氧化功能的降低,导致肾脏功能降低.     

日粮中添加高水平铜对雏鸭血液指标的影响

试验对日粮中添加高水平铜对雏鸭血液指标的影响进行了研究。360只1日龄天府肉鸭随机分为6组，分别喂以对照日粮（Cu 8mg／kg）和高铜日粮（Cu100mg／kg，高铜Ⅰ组；Cu200mg／kg，高铜Ⅱ组；Cu400mg／kg，高铜Ⅲ组，Cu600 mg／kg，高铜Ⅳ组；Cu800mg／kg，高铜V组）6周。与对照组比较，高铜Ⅳ组和V组的红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量、血清铜蓝蛋白活性和血清铜锌SOD活性降低（P〈0．0）1），高铜Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和V组血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性显著升高（P〈0．01），胆固醇、甘油三酯和总胆红素含量显著增加（P〈0．01）。结果表明．日粮铜水平为400mg／kg及以上时可引起上述血液指标的改变。     

高铜饲粮对冬毛期水貂生长发育及血液生化指标的影响

为了探讨饲粮中高铜对冬毛期水貂生长发育及血液生化指标的影响,试验以蛋氨酸螯合铜为铜源,在7组(每组10只)146日龄雄性美国短毛黑水貂基础饲粮(含铜23.54 mg/kg)中添加不同水平的铜(0、210、220、230、240、250、300 mg/kg),进行50 d的饲养试验和消化代谢试验,测定并分析平均日增重、饲料增重比、脂肪消化率、氮代谢率、净蛋白利用率、氮的生物学效价和血清碱式磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶、总蛋白、铜蓝蛋白指标。结果表明:当基础饲粮中铜添加量为210～240 mg/kg时,平均日增重和血液生化指标呈升高趋势;在240 mg/kg时,日增重最快,平均日增重最高为8.48 g/d(P<0.05);超过240 mg/kg时,平均日增重和血液生化指标呈降低趋势。结果提示,以蛋氨酸螯合铜为铜源,在146～196日龄雄性水貂基础饲粮(含铜23.54 mg/kg)中添加铜210～240 mg/kg,可明显促进水貂的生长发育和血清酶活性,在240 mg/kg时,日增重和平均日增重最高(P<0.05);超过240 mg/kg可明显抑制水貂的生长发育和血清酶活性。     

铜中毒对雏鸭某些血液指标的影响

选用1日龄天府肉鸭210只,随机分为3组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu12.16mg/kg)、铜中毒日粮(Cu850mg/kg)和铜中毒日粮(Cu1050mg/kg)。试验期7周。以血液病理学方法观察了铜中毒对雏鸭某些血液学指标的影响。结果显示铜中毒组、组雏鸭分别于2周龄和3周龄开始出现临床症状,死亡18只和5只。血液病理学变化表现为,红细胞大小不等、变形变性、坏死溶解;红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.01),血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),血清铜蓝蛋白活性下降。结果表明,铜中毒对雏鸭的生长发育和上述血液指标影响明显。     

Effects of dietary copper supplementation on production performance and plasma biochemical parameters in broiler chickens

1. A study was conducted to estimate the effect of copper (Cu) supplementation on growth performance and biochemical profiles of blood and meat in broiler chickens.

2. A total of 240?d-old broiler chicks (Vencobb-100) were randomly divided into 12 groups, each of 20 chicks (4 treatments?×?3 replicates).

3. The basal diet (T₁) contained 215?g?kg^?1 crude protein (CP), 12·76?MJ?kg^?1 ME, 32?g?kg^?1 total calcium and 5?g?kg^?1 total phosphorus. T_2, T₃ and T₄ were formulated to contain an additional 75, 150 and 250?mg?Cu?kg^?1 diet, respectively. Copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO₄, 5H₂O) was used as the source of Cu.

4. Significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride, and an elevated concentration of HDL-cholesterol, were observed in the chickens fed with 250?mg?Cu?kg^?1 (T₄) of feed at the 3rd and 6th week of the experiment. Total cholesterol in meat decreased significantly in the birds fed with dietary Cu at 250?mg?kg^?1 (T₄) of feed.

5. Growth performance was measured in terms of live weight gain, cumulative feed intake and feed conversion ratio at the end of d 21 and d 42 of the experiment, and the result was found to be commercially beneficial for the chickens receiving 150?mg?Cu?kg^?1 (T₃) of diet. The concentration of Cu in breast muscle and liver increased significantly at the end of experiment.

6. From this study it can be concluded that supplementation with dietary Cu may be beneficial for production performance and plasma biochemical characteristics of broiler chickens.     

高锌对奶牛血液理化指标的影响

研究了基础日粮中添加不同水平的锌对泌乳牛血液指标的影响.结果表明日粮中添加300,500,800 mg/kg Zn(日粮DM)对奶牛血红蛋白、红细胞比容、血清γ-球蛋白、碱性磷酸酶活性、各类白细胞百分率无显著影响(P＞0.05),但高锌日粮可极显著提高血清锌水平(P＜0.01).     

高铜对雏鸡脑组织氧化状态的影响

1日龄艾维茵肉鸡健雏360羽,随机均分为6组,分别喂以对照日粮(10.89 mg/kg)和高铜日粮(Cu 100 mg/kg,高铜Ⅰ组;Cu 200 mg/kg,高铜Ⅱ组;Cu 400 mg/kg,高铜Ⅲ组;Cu 600 mg/kg,高铜Ⅳ组;Cu 800 mg/kg,高铜Ⅴ组)6周,观察高铜对脑组织氧化状态的影响.高铜Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组脑组织MDA含量升高,与对照组比较差异显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01);脑组织铜-锌-超氧化物歧化酶(Cu-Zn-SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性,高铜Ⅰ、Ⅱ组显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),高铜Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组较对照组极显著降低(P<0.01);高铜Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组脑组织羟自由基活性升高,与对照组比较差异显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01).同时,血清的MDA含量及Cu-Zn-SOD和GSH-Px的活性变化与脑组织一致.结果表明,日粮铜水平在400 mg/kg及以上时,脑组织的抗氧化功能受损.     

Effects of somatostatin immunoneutralization on growth and endocrine parameters in chickens

The effects of somatostatin immunoneutralization on growth rate, growth hormone (GH) secretion and circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations were investigated in chickens through the use of passive and active immunization techniques. Intravenous bolus injection of goat-antisomatostatin stimulated a significant (P less than .05) increase in plasma GH levels for one hour post-injection in four and six week old male broiler chickens. The GH response to an intravenous bolus injection of hGRF44NH2 was similar in the antisomatostatin treated chicks and normal goat serum treated controls. Despite the presence of circulating somatostatin antisera after 28 hours, plasma GH levels were not different between control and antisomatostatin-treated chicks at that time. Continuous administration of somatostatin antisera by Alzet pump over a two-week period resulted in significant (P less than .05) elevations in plasma GH levels at one week post-implantation and in circulating IGF-I concentrations after two weeks of administration. Chicks which developed antibodies against somatostatin following active immunization exhibited a 7.1% increase in growth rate which was associated with a significant decrease in abdominal fat. However, neither GH nor IGF-I concentrations were elevated in the chicks which developed somatostatin antibodies. Thus, the benefits gained from somatostatin immunoneutralization may be exerted through mechanisms other than GH.     

纳米氧化铜对雏鸡全血和肝脏铜含量及肝脏铜蓝蛋白mRNA表达的影响

选取1日龄SPF白莱航蛋用公雏63只,随机分为7组,1组受试鸡饲喂基础日粮;2～4组受试鸡分别饲喂以硫酸铜、氧化铜和纳米氧化铜的形式添加铜8mg/kg的饲料;5～7组受试鸡分别饲喂以硫酸铜、氧化铜和纳米氧化铜的形式添加铜175mg/kg的饲料。结果显示,日粮中添加铜8mg/kg或175mg/kg时,纳米氧化铜组受试鸡全血、肝脏铜含量显著高于氧化铜组、硫酸铜组和对照组(P<0.05);纳米氧化铜组受试鸡肝脏血浆铜蓝蛋白(CP)mRNA表达量显著高于硫酸铜组和氧化铜组(P<0.05)。试验至30d,日粮添加铜8mg/kg或175mg/kg时,纳米氧化铜组受试鸡血浆CP活性显著高于硫酸铜组和氧化铜组(P<0.05)。表明纳米氧化铜通过提高脏器组织铜沉积、上调铜酶或铜蛋白的基因表达来提高铜酶活性,从而发挥其生物学作用。     

果寡糖对固始鸡血液生理指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同添加剂量的果寡糖对固始鸡血液生理指标的影响,并确定果寡糖的最佳添加剂量。选用1日龄固始鸡公雏150只,随机分成5个处理组,1个为对照组,其余4个为试验组,对照组不加果寡糖,其他4个组的果寡糖添加水平分别为3、5、7mg/kg和9mg/kg。测定红细胞压积(PCV)、血红蛋白(Hb)含量、红细胞数量、白细胞数量、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)等指标。试验结果表明:1)21和42日龄时,果寡糖试验组的红细胞压积、血红蛋白含量、红细胞数量和白细胞数量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验组的MCH和MCHC均略有升高,并且可以显著提高MCHC(P<0.05);2)日粮中添加5mg/kg果寡糖对提高红细胞压积、血红蛋白含量、红细胞数量、白细胞数量、MCH和MCHC具有最佳效果。     

Effects of biotechnical management procedures on blood parameters in gilts. 2. Protein-bound iodine and copper

Two groups of twelve gilts each kept on platforms were synchronised in two passes over 20 days, using 100 mg Suisynchron per animal and die followed by PMS treatment (1,000 I.U. Intergonan) and HCG treatment (250 I.U.). Complement fixation occurred five days after the first hormone application and was followed twelve to 15 days later by another phase of treatment, using Gravigonan (250 I.U. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 500 I.U. HCG, 1 mg oestradiol benzoate in 10 ml serum of swine). Blood samples were continuously drawn during the various phases of treatment and cycle from the above animals as well as from 20 gilts synchronised in the above way and from another 20 untreated gilts. Protein-fixed iodine and copper levels were assessed from those samples. The protein-fixed iodine and copper levels of the blood were significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) by synchronisation, using Suisynchron. None of the two parameters was particularly affected by PMS and HCG treatments. Blood-borne protein-fixed iodine and copper was increased by administration of gonabione. Both parameters went up further during full oestrus at which date they were higher in untreated animals than in synchronised. (Protein-fixed iodine: 3.50/226micrograms/100 ml; P less than 0.01; copper: 0.283/0.234 mg/100 ml; P less than 0.01).     

高铜对雏鸡肾脏细胞凋亡和周期的影响

360只1日龄艾维茵肉鸡随机分为6组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu 10.89 mg/kg)和高铜日粮(Cu 100 mg/kg,高铜Ⅰ组;Cu 200 mg/kg,高铜Ⅱ组,Cu 400 mg/kg,高铜Ⅲ组;Cu 600 mg/kg,高铜Ⅳ组;Cu 800 mg/kg,高铜Ⅴ组)6周,用流式细胞术研究高铜对雏鸡肾脏细胞凋亡和周期的影响.结果表明,肾脏细胞的调亡比例随日粮铜水平的升高而升高,当日粮铜水平达到400 mg/kg以上时,肾脏细胞凋亡百分率与对照组比较差异极显著(P<0.01).日粮铜水平达到400 mg/kg以上时,肾脏静止期(G0/G1)细胞显著增加,增殖期(S,G2+M)细胞显著减少.     

Effects of food and water withdrawal and high temperature exposure on diurnal variation in blood viscosity of broiler chickens

1. Three experiments were conducted to investigate the diurnal variation of blood viscosity in broilers. In experiment 1 food and water were supplied freely at 20C (20-FW). In experiment 2 food and water were withdrawn at 20C (20-NFW), while in experiment 3 food and water were withdrawn at 30C (30-NFW). 2. Blood sampling time points were 09.00 h, 15.00 h, 21.00 h, 03.00 h and 09.00 h the next day in each experiment. 3. In all experiments, whole blood viscosity (WBV), red blood cell count (RBC) and haematocrit (HCT) were greater during the dark (21.00 h and 03.00 h) than during the light period. During the dark period, there were no differences in WBV, RBC and HCT between 20-FW and 20-NFW, or between 20-NFW and 30-NFW. At 09.00 h, WBV and HCT were higher in 20-FW than in 20-NFW. At 15.00 h and 09.00 h (day 2), WBV and HCT were greater in 20-NFW than in 30-NFW. 4. There were no light-dark differences in plasma viscosity (PV), plasma protein concentration (PPC) or mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in any experiment. However, 20-NFW birds had a lower PPC and higher MCV compared with 20-FW, and a higher PPC and lower MCV compared with 30-NFW, while no difference was found in PV. 5. WBV increased linearly with RBC and HCT. PV increased with PPC, while MCV decreased. 6. These results indicate that there is diurnal variation in whole blood viscosity, which is greater during the dark than during the light period. During the light period it is strongly influenced by high environmental temperature and food and water withdrawal. C