Effects of extrusion and supplementation of exogenous enzymes to diets containing Chinese storage brown rice on the carbohydrase activity in the digestive tract of piglets

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of extrusion of Chinese storage brown rice and of exogenous enzymes supplementation to diets containing Chinese storage brown rice on the carbohydrase activity in digestive tract of piglets. In Experiment 1, 96 weaned piglets [initially 6.95 ± 0.05 kg body weight (BW)] were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design, the animals were fed the diets containing extruded Chinese storage brown rice or non‐treated Chinese storage brown rice and supplemented with or without exogenous enzymes. Each treatment had six replicate pens and four piglets in each pen. The results demonstrated that extrusion significantly increased (p < 0.05) the activity of duodenal maltase after 14 days of treatment and glucoamylase after 28 days of treatment, jejunal lactase, maltase, isomaltase, sucrase and α‐amylase after 28 days of treatment, and jejunal α‐amylase after 14 days of treatment; enzyme supplementation positively influenced (p < 0.05) the activity of pancreatic α‐amylase after 14 and 28 days of treatment, pancreatic glucoamylase after 28 days of treatment and ileal trehalase after 14 days of treatment. Similarly, interaction between extrusion and enzyme addition existed after 14 days of treatment on the activity of pancreatic α‐amylase and duodenal maltase and on the activity of duodenal glucoamylase and isomaltase, jejunal α‐amylase, lactase, maltase, isomaltase and jejunal α‐amylase after 28 days of treatment. In Experiment 2, six piglets (initially 21 ± 1.85 kg BW) fitted with ileal ‘T’‐cannulas in a 6 × 6 Latin Square Design were used to study the effects of extrusion and addition of exogenous enzymes on ileal carbohydrase activity and nutrients digestibility. The results showed that exogenous enzymes significantly (p < 0.05) increased ileal α‐amylase, glucoamylase and trehalase activity. The interaction between extrusion and enzyme supplementation had positive effect (p < 0.05) on the ileal lactase, cellobiase and sucrase activity.     

Oral administration recombinant porcine epidermal growth factor enhances the jejunal digestive enzyme genes expression and activity of early-weaned piglets

This study attempted to determine ingested porcine epidermal growth factor (pEGF) on the gastrointestinal tract development of early-weaned piglets. Thirty-two piglets (14-day weaned) were randomly allotted to supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg pEGF/kg diet. Each treatment consisted of four replicates with two pigs per pen for a 14 days experimental period. Piglets were sacrificed and gastrointestinal tract samples were collected to measure mucosa morphology, mRNA expression and activities of digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets at the end of the experiment. Diets supplemented with pEGF failed to influence growth performance but tended to increase jejunal mucosa weight (p < 0.09) and protein content (p < 0.07). Piglets supplemental pEGF induced incrementally the gastric pepsin activity (p < 0.05) and stimulated jejunal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactase activities accompanied with the increase of jejunal ALP and maltase mRNA expression. No effect of pEGF on the activities of all enzymes in ileum except the stimulation of ileal aminopeptide N mRNA expression. These results reveal that dietary pEGF supplementation might enhance gene expression and activities of digestive enzymes in the stomach and jejunum of piglets.     

纳米载铜蒙脱石对断奶仔猪生长、消化性能及二糖酶活性的影响

取128头健康"杜长大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组32头。分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+3.0g/kg纳米蒙脱石(MMT)、基础日粮+3.0g/kg纳米载铜蒙脱石(MMT-Cu)及基础日粮+117mg/kgCu2+。比较研究MMT-Cu对断奶仔猪生长、消化和肠黏膜二糖酶活性的影响。结果表明:饲料中添加3.0g/kgMMT-Cu,能显著(P<0.05)提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重和饲料转化效率;显著提高饲料干物质(P<0.05)、粗蛋白(P<0.05)、粗脂肪(P<0.05)的表观消化率和十二指肠内容物中总蛋白水解酶(P<0.05)、脂肪酶(P<0.05)、淀粉酶(P<0.05)的活性。与对照组相比,添加MMT组十二指肠内容物中脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性升高显著(P<0.05)。二糖酶活性研究表明,添加3.0g/kgMMT-Cu组仔猪空肠黏膜麦芽糖酶、蔗糖酶和乳糖酶活性均显著高于(P<0.05)对照组和CuSO4组。     

发酵香菇渣对断奶仔猪生长性能、结肠挥发性脂肪酸含量及微生物结构的影响

为研究发酵香菇渣（fermented shiitake residues,FSR）对断奶仔猪生产性能、十二指肠消化酶活性、空肠紧密连接蛋白相关基因表达、结肠挥发性脂肪酸及结肠微生物区系的影响,本研究选用100头健康的壹号土猪断奶仔猪（小耳花猪×杜洛克猪,公母各50头）,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪,进行饲养试验。对照组饲喂基础饲粮（NC组）,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+5%发酵香菇渣。试验期33 d。饲养试验结束时,从每个组中选择6头仔猪（公母各半）进行屠宰取样。检测指标包括生长性能、十二指肠黏膜消化酶活性、空肠紧密连接蛋白mRNA相对表达量、结肠挥发性脂肪酸含量和肠道微生物结构。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组显著提高了断奶仔猪的末重和平均日增重（P<0.05）,显著降低了料重比（P<0.05）;显著提高了十二指肠黏膜胰蛋白酶和β-淀粉酶活性（P<0.05）;显著提高了结肠挥发性脂肪酸丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸和异戊酸水平（P<0.05）;显著增加了结肠纤维杆菌门（Fibrobacteres）和链球菌属（Streptococcus）的相对丰度（P<0.01;P<0.05）,对空肠紧密连接蛋白1（TJP1）和紧密连接蛋白2（TJP2）基因mRNA的表达无显著影响（P>0.05）。综上所述,饲粮中添加5%发酵香菇渣可提高断奶仔猪肠道消化酶活性,增加结肠挥发性脂肪酸含量,调节肠道微生物区系组成,有利于提高断奶仔猪的生长性能。     

超早期断奶应激对仔猪消化酶活性的影响初报

试验选用两窝１４ 日龄杜×（ 大×长） 三元杂交商品猪,每窝１０ 头,每窝仔猪按体重平均分为断奶处理组和哺乳对照组,每组两个重复（ 栏） ,每栏５ 头猪。分别于断奶后第０（１４ 日龄） 、２ 、４ 、６ 、９ 天从每栏内随机抽取一头猪,屠宰后取胰腺和空肠内容物样品,测定胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶及脂肪酶活性。试验结果表明,断奶应激不同程度地降低了仔猪胰腺和空肠内容物中胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性。随着断奶后时间的推移和采食量的增加,断奶仔猪空肠内容物中胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶以及胰腺中淀粉酶活性得以恢复并呈上升趋势。     

补料日龄对哺乳期仔猪消化酶活性的影响研究

为研究补料日龄对哺乳期仔猪消化道主要消化酶活性的影响,试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选取母猪分娩时间相差在48h之内、泌乳性能良好、产仔数接近的12窝仔猪,分4个处理组,分别于仔猪出生后7、10、15日龄和21日龄开始补料。结果表明:各试验组仔猪胃凝乳酶活性呈先升高后降低趋势,15日龄时仔猪胃凝乳酶活性达到最高(P<0.05);10日龄补料组到28日龄断奶时胃蛋白酶活性与胰蛋白酶活性最高(P<0.05);7日龄与10日龄补料组仔猪28日龄断奶时脂肪酶与淀粉酶活性最高(P<0.05)。本试验证明,仔猪出生后10日龄补料对28日龄断奶仔猪消化酶活性影响最小。     

Development of the activities of pancreatic and caecal enzymes in White Roman goslings

1. This study was to investigate the development of the activities of pancreatic and caecal enzymes in White Roman goslings from hatching to 28 d of age. 2. A total of 80 1-d-old goslings were used. At hatching, 3 and 7 d of age, 16 goslings (8 males and 8 females) were used. At 11, 14, 21 and 28 d of age, 8 goslings, 4 males and 4 females were selected. The activities of amylase, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin in each segment of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and their contents and the activity of cellulase in the caecal contents were measured. 3. The specific activity (SA) of amylase in the duodenal mucosa and contents increased significantly both from 11 to 14 and 14 to 21 d of age and declined after 28 d of age. In the jejunum and ileum, there was a significant peak in the SA of amylase in the mucosa in goslings from 7 to 21 d of age. On average, the SA of lipase of mucosa and content in the small intestine was initially low but gradually increased from 14 to 21 and from 21 to 28 d of age. 4. The SA of trypsin in the contents of the duodenum and the jejunum increased both from 7 to 11 and 11 to 14 d of age and there was high activity in the ileal contents from 14 to 21 d of age. From 3 to 14 d of age, the SA of chymotrypsin in the duodenal mucosa significantly increased and peaked. There was a significant peak at 11 d of age in the SA of chymotrypsin in the duodenal or jejunal contents and in the ileal contents at 7 d. The SA of cellulase in the caecal contents increased linearly with age, reaching a plateau at 28 d of age. 5. The rate of activity development varied from hatching to 28 d of age. However, the mean SA of amylase and lipase of intestinal contents reached a peak at 21 d, trypsin and chymotrypsin at 11 d and cellulase at 28 d of age, respectively. The quantitative changes in SA of cellulase, amylase, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin increased by about 4-, 3-, 5-, 2- and 3-fold, respectively, in the intestinal content of goslings. Thus, development of proteases in the intestine of goslings peaked more rapidly than amylase, lipase and cellulase during the first 4 weeks.     

日粮添加阿拉伯木聚糖酶对仔猪血液生化指标和生长性能的影响

探索阿拉伯木聚糖酶对日粮中非淀粉多糖的作用效果。试验选取16头平均体重(7.74±1.03)kg的28日龄长×大断奶仔猪,分为基础日粮(对照日粮组)和基础日粮+1.0 g/kg阿拉伯木聚糖酶(试验日粮组),分别在试验第12 d、第24 d测定各组内脏器官重量、血液生化指标。试验结果表明,在试验第24 d试验日粮组日增重明显高于对照日粮组,且有显著性差异(P<0.05);在不同的试验时期,试验日粮组对内脏器官绝对重量的影响较大,对相对重量的影响较小,对脾脏的影响无显著性差异(P>0.05);在不同试验时间,两组的血清IgGI、gM、肌酐、血糖、血氨、甘油三酯、总蛋白的含量均无显著性差异(P>0.05),第24 d试验日粮组低密度脂蛋白含量均高于其他各组,且有显著性差异(P<0.05),对照日粮组低密度脂蛋白含量高于第12 d,且有显著性差异(P<0.05),试验日粮组血清尿素氮含量明显低于对照组,且在试验第12 d、第24 d时两组间均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。日粮添加阿拉伯木聚糖酶能提高断奶仔猪日增重,从而影响仔猪生长性能和相关血液生化指标。     

抗菌肽对发酵床饲养仔猪生长性能、消化酶及垫料理化性质的影响

试验旨在研究发酵床饲养模式下饲粮中添加抗菌肽对仔猪生长性能、胰腺和小肠内容物消化酶及小肠黏膜二糖酶和垫料蛋白酶、脲酶、铵态氮的影响。选用108头35日龄、体重13kg左右的健康苏钟猪随机分为3组,每组3重复,每重复12头,分别饲喂基础饲粮（对照组）、基础饲粮＋40mg/kg杆菌肽锌＋20mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素（抗生素组）和基础饲粮＋300mg/kg抗菌肽（抗菌肽组）的试验日粮,试验期49d10结果表明：（1）各组间仔猪生长性能差异不显著（P〉0.05）。（2）与对照组相比,饲粮中添加抗菌肽能够显著提高仔猪胰腺、十二指肠和空肠内容物淀粉酶及空肠内容物胰蛋白酶活性（P〈0.05）;并显著提高仔猪十二指肠黏膜麦芽糖酶和空肠黏膜蔗糖酶、乳糖酶及回肠黏膜蔗糖酶活性（P〈0.05）;抗菌肽组十二指肠黏膜麦芽糖酶活性比抗生素组提高（P〈0.05）。（3）各组间发酵床垫料蛋白酶和脲酶活性及铵态氮含量差异不显著（P〉0.05）。综上所述,本试验条件下,饲粮添加300mg/kg的抗菌肽能够在一定程度上提高仔猪生长性能;提高胰腺、小肠内容物及小肠黏膜消化酶活性;同时不影响垫料蛋白酶、脲酶活性和垫料铵态氮含量。     

早期断奶仔猪饲粮丙氨酰谷氨酰胺适宜添加量的研究

本文旨在研究丙氨酰谷氨酰胺(Ala-Gln)对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标和小肠黏膜酶活性的影响,探讨Ala-Gln在早期断奶仔猪饲粮中的适宜添加量.选用48头(公母各占1/2)纯种云南撒坝仔猪为试验对象,35日龄断奶,按单因素完全随机化设计分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复4头猪.各组分别饲喂在基础饲粮上添加0(对照组)、0.15％、0.30％、0.45％ Ala-Gln的试验饲粮,试验期为35 ～ 60日龄.结果表明:1)0.30％组显著提高了全期仔猪平均日增重和平均日采食量(P＜0.05),随着Ala-Gln添加水平的提高,全期仔猪平均日增重和平均日采食量以二次曲线方式提高(P=0.004和P=0.006);2)0.30％组极显著提高了49日龄仔猪血清总蛋白、葡萄糖含量及谷丙转氨酶活性(P＜0.01),显著提高了血清碱性磷酸酶活性(P＜0.05),极显著降低了血清尿素氮含量(P＜0.01),显著降低了乳酸脱氢酶活性(P＜0.05).各组血清白蛋白、肌酐含量及肌酸激酶活性均差异不显著(P＞0.05).3)试验组仔猪空肠黏膜钠泵(Na+ -K+ -ATPase)和总二糖酶活性均显著或极显著高于对照组(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01).结果提示,添加适量的Ala-Gln对早期断奶仔猪具有一定的促生长效应,在本试验条件下,依据二次曲线拟合结果,推荐Ala-Gln适宜添加量为0.27％.     

The Effect of Dietary Sulphate Copper Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Digestive Enzymes and Absorptive Transporters in Weanling Pigs

The experiment was conducted to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of Cu on the growth performance,digestive enzymes,tissue minerals and absorptive transporters in small intestinal mucosa of weanling pigs.One hundred crossbred pigs weaned at 28±2 d of age were assigned randomly to one of the following diets with 5 replicates:corn-soybean basal diet with 10,100,175,250 mg/kg of Cu as CuSO4·5H2O.The results showed that 250 mg/kg Cu had a positive effect (P0.05) on average daily gain,daily feed intake and ratio of gain/feed.Compared to 10 mg/kg Cu,higher Cu had significant effect on the apparent digestibility of protein and fat (P0.05).The supplementing of Cu improved amylase and lipase activity in jejunum content and lipase in pancreas (P0.05) and had no effect on intestinal morphology.The liver Cu elevated approximately 4-fold in pigs fed diet with 250 mg/kg Cu compared with pigs fed diet with 10 mg/kg Cu,no increases were observed in pigs receiving the lower level of Cu (100 and 175 mg/kg).Both Fe and Zn contents in kidney and liver were not affected by Cu supplementation.There was no positive effect (P0.05) of Cu supplementation on PepT1 (peptide transporter 1) and SGLT1 (sodium/glucose cotransporter) mRNA abundance in intestinal mucosa.However,higher supplementing level (250 mg/kg) significantly elevated the DMT1 (divalent metal transporter) mRNA abundance in duodenum mucosa.These results suggested that dietary supplementation with 250 mg/kg Cu could improve growth performance,nutrient digestibility and intestinal enzyme activities of weanling pigs.     

Intraruminal supplementation with increasing levels of exogenous polysaccharide-degrading enzymes: effects on nutrient digestion in cattle fed a barley grain diet

The effects of supplying increasing ruminal doses of exogenous polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (EPDE) on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion were studied using eight ruminally cannulated heifers, four of which were also duodenally cannulated, in a replicated Latin square. The heifers were fed a diet of 85.5% rolled barley grain and 14% barley silage (DM basis), and once daily they were given intraruminal doses of 0 (Control), 100, 200, or 400 g of a preparation containing polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. Enzyme treatment decreased ruminal pH (linear, P<.001) and increased ammonia N (quadratic, P<.001) concentration. The ruminally soluble fraction and effective degradability of feed DM in situ were increased (quadratic response, P<.001) by enzyme treatment. Ruminal administration of EPDE increased ruminal fluid carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase activities linearly (P<.001) and beta-glucanase activity quadratically (P<.01), decreased (quadratic response, P<.05) ruminal fluid viscosity, and did not affect (P>.05) ruminal fluid amylase activity. Elevated levels of fibrolytic activities in the rumen resulted in increased (quadratic, P<.001) carboxymethylcellulase, xylanase, and beta-glucanase (P<.01) activities in duodenal digesta. Duodenal amylase activity and reducing sugar concentration were also increased (quadratic responses, P<.001 and P<.05, respectively) by EPDE. Xylanase activity of fecal DM was increased linearly (P<.05) with increasing ruminal EPDE levels. Apparent digestibilities of DM, crude protein, and NDF were not affected by EPDE supplementation. Enzyme treatment did not affect (P>.05) urinary excretion of allantoin and uric acid, or concentrations of glucose and urea in blood.     

Developmental patterns of digestive enzyme activity in the stomach and pancreas of growing Jinhua and Landrace gilts

Abstract

The activities of amylase, trypsin and lipase in pancreas and the activity of pepsin in cardiac mucosa were measured in Jinhua and Landrace gilts at 35, 80 and 125 days of age, respectively. Jinhua gilts had lower total trypsin and total pepsin activities compared with Landrace gilts (P<0.01), and lower pepsin activity (per g of cardiac mucosa) at 80 days (P<0.05) and 125 days of age (P<0.01). In contrast, Jinhua gilts had higher amylase activity (per g of pancreas) and lipase activity (per kg of empty body weight) compared with Landrace gilts (P<0.001), and higher total amylase activity at 35 days (P<0.05) and 125 days (P<0.01) of age. Jinhua gilts had higher lipase activity (per g of pancreas) at 35 days (P<0.05), 80 days (P<0.01) and 125 (P<0.001) days of age.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对脂多糖刺激仔猪小肠黏膜免疫应激的影响

研究N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对脂多糖(LPS)刺激仔猪免疫应激的影响。选取18头健康仔猪,随机分成3个处理(对照组、LPS组和NAC组),每个处理6个重复。对照组和LPS组饲喂基础日粮,NAC组饲喂基础日粮+500 mg/kgNAC。试验期为20 d。LPS组和NAC组于试验第10、13、20天腹膜注射100μg/kg BW的LPS,对照组注射相应剂量的灭菌生理盐水。第10、20天注射LPS后3 h采血,第21天屠宰,取小肠黏膜。结果表明:NAC缓解了LPS刺激导致的血浆和小肠黏膜中TNF-α、IL-6、PGE2含量的升高(P<0.05),缓解了小肠黏膜HSP70相对表达量的升高(P<0.05)。由此可见,日粮中添加500 mg/kg NAC可有效抑制LPS刺激导致的血浆及小肠黏膜中炎性因子的升高,缓解免疫应激。     

锌-多糖螯合物对断奶仔猪腹泻、营养物质表观消化率、消化酶活性的影响

试验将280只平均体重为(6.13±0.22)kg的断奶仔猪随机分为4组,每组7个重复,每个重复10只猪。试验基础日粮为玉米-大豆型日粮,对照组(锌含量为42.5 mg/kg)和试验组分别在基础日粮中分别以硫酸锌、硫酸锌+多糖及锌-多糖螯合物的影响分别添加80 mg/kg锌。结果表明,锌-多糖螯合物比硫酸锌和硫酸锌+多糖显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05)。饲喂锌-多糖螯合物日粮的断奶仔猪较硫酸锌日粮组显著降低了腹泻率(P<0.05),且粗蛋白质表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。日粮添加锌-多糖螯合物较硫酸锌和硫酸锌+多糖组显著提高了十二指肠蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),同时锌-多糖螯合物组较对照组和硫酸锌组也显著提高了十二指肠淀粉酶活性(P<0.05)。结论:本试验结果表明,日粮添加锌-多糖螯合物在降低断奶仔猪腹泻率、提高十二指肠消化酶活性和生长性能方面表现出不同于硫酸锌或硫酸锌+多糖的生物活性。     

地衣芽孢杆菌对发酵床饲养仔猪生长性能、消化酶活性及肠道主要菌群数量的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵床饲养模式下日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌对仔猪生长性能、胰腺和小肠黏膜消化酶活性及肠道主要菌群数量的影响。选用108头体重13kg左右的35日龄健康苏钟猪,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复12头,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+40mg/kg杆菌肽锌+20mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素(抗生素组)、基础日粮+300mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌(益生菌组)的试验日粮。预试期7d,正试期52d。结果表明:1与对照组相比,日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌能够在一定程度上提高仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量,降低料重比,但各组间差异均不显著(P0.05)。2与对照组相比,日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌能够极显著提高仔猪胰腺中淀粉酶活性、十二指肠黏膜中麦芽糖酶活性和空肠黏膜中乳糖酶活性(P0.01),十二指肠黏膜和空肠黏膜中蔗糖酶活性显著提高(P0.05)。3与对照组相比,日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌能够显著提高仔猪盲肠芽孢杆菌数量(P0.05);乳酸杆菌数量较对照组提高4.09%,大肠杆菌数量较对照组降低4.86%,但均未达到显著水平(P0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,日粮中添加300mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌能够提高发酵床饲养仔猪胰腺、小肠黏膜消化酶活性及盲肠芽孢杆菌数量,同时仔猪生长性能也在一定程度上有所改善。     

小麦饲料中添加木聚糖酶对高原型藏羊胃肠道发育的影响

旨在分析小麦粉中添加木聚糖酶(xylanase, Xyl)对藏羊羔羊胃肠道发育的影响。选择同质性良好的2～3月龄高原型藏羊公羔60只,随机分为两组,每组30只,各组内设置5个重复。对照组(Control group)饲喂不含木聚糖酶的日粮,试验组(Test group)饲喂含0.2%木聚糖酶的日粮,试验分为预饲期10 d和正试期90 d。饲养试验结束时,两组各随机选取5只羔羊进行屠宰,采集消化道组织置于多聚甲醛固定,并收集血液、瘤胃和空肠内容物。结果显示：1)与对照组相比,试验组瘤胃的角质层厚度、颗粒层厚度,瓣胃的乳头长度、乳头宽度、角质层厚度、颗粒层厚度,皱胃的黏膜厚度以及十二指肠的肌层厚度,空肠的绒毛高度、黏膜厚度,回肠的肌层厚度显著提高(P<0.05);2)对照组瘤胃和血清的LPS含量显著高于试验组(P<0.05);3)相较于对照组,试验组瘤胃的糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性以及空肠的糜蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶活性显著提高(P<0.05);4)试验组瘤胃的总抗氧化能力水平、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及过氧化氢酶活性以及空肠的总抗氧化能力水平、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶...     

Effects of dietary barley inclusion and glucanase supplementation on the production performance,egg quality and digestive functions in laying ducks

This study evaluated the effects of barley inclusion and glucanase supplementation on the productive performance and digestive function in laying ducks. The experiment used a randomized design with a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement of 5 graded levels of barley (0%, 15%, 30%, 45% and 60%) with or without 1.5 g/kg β-1,3-1,4-glucanase (15,000 U/kg). During the experimental period of 120 d, the weight and total number of eggs within each pen were recorded daily, and egg quality was determined every 4 wk. At the end of the experiment, 3 randomly selected ducks within each replicate were sacrificed, then duodenal digesta and jejunal mucosa was collected. Dietary inclusion of barley had no effects on egg production, daily egg mass or FCR, but supplementation with glucanase improved egg production and FCR (P < 0.01). Barley did not affect feed intake of laying ducks, but glucanase tended to increase feed intake (P = 0.09). Neither barley nor β-glucanase had effects on the egg quality variables, except for yolk color score, which was decreased with increasing barley supplementation. Glucanase, but not barley, increased the activity of chymotrypsin and amylase in duodenal digesta. Barley inclusion affected the activity of alkaline phosphatase and maltase in jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05), but β-glucanase had no effects on the activity of these brush border enzymes. Barley inclusion increased the glucan content in duodenal digesta, but supplementation of glucanase to barley-based diet reduced digesta glucan content and reduced total volatile fatty acids and increased the proportion of acetic acid in cecal contents. The results indicate that, without glucanase, the optimal dietary barley level in the diets of laying ducks is about 13% for maximal production performance; glucanase supplementation of the barley diets improved production performance, probably through enhancing digestive function.     

Relationships of intestinal enzymes and serum antitoxin to the pig response to Escherichia coli enterotoxin.

The intestinal loop technique was used to evaluate the response of three week old piglets to the heat labile (LT) and the heat stable (ST) enterotoxins produced by Escherichia coli F11(P155). The serum anti-LT activity and the lipase, amylase and trypsin activities in the jejunal lumen of these pigs were determined. Piglets responded independently ti each toxin and no relationship between these responses and serum anti-LT activity or the enzyme activities of the jejunal content could be demonstrated.     

复合植物精油对脂多糖刺激断奶仔猪肠道形态结构和抗氧化能力的影响

为研究复合植物精油(OCT)对脂多糖(LPS)刺激断奶仔猪肠道结构和抗氧化能力的影响,本试验选取28日龄左右健康的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪24头,按照体重相近原则随机分为3个处理组:对照组、LPS组和OCT组。对照组和LPS组仔猪饲喂基础日粮,OCT组仔猪饲喂基础日粮+50 mg/kg OCT。试验期21 d。于试验第21天,LPS组和OCT组仔猪注射LPS(100μg/(kg·BW)),对照组仔猪注射等量生理盐水。LPS或生理盐水注射后3 h采血;6 h后,屠宰全部仔猪取肠道样品测定有关指标。结果表明,与对照组相比,LPS组仔猪空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度有降低趋势(P>0.05),回肠绒毛高度及绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05);血浆过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、血浆和空肠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著降低(P<0.05),空肠诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活性、血浆和回肠H_2O_2含量显著上升(P<0.05)。与LPS组相比,OCT组仔猪空肠绒毛高度、空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度和回肠绒毛高度显著提高(P<0.05),回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度有提高趋势(P>0.05);血浆CAT、空肠SOD活性显著提高(P<0.05),血浆和回肠H_2O_2含量显著下降(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,日粮中添加50 mg/kg OCT可以在一定程度上缓解由LPS刺激引起的仔猪氧化应激,改善仔猪肠道结构。