Effects of Tea Plant Compost and Mineral Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet Crop

A field experiment was carried out during two successive seasons of 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 at Sakha Agriculture Reseach Station, Egypt, to study the effects of different applications of compost tea (C) under three mineral nitrogen (N) levels and their interaction effects on sugar yield and juice quality characteristics of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), and soil available nutrients. Results indicated that the sugar yield and juice quality characteristics of sugar beet were significantly increased with compost tea treatments, especially in the plots treated with compost tea foliar application in three batches. A quality percentage of sugar beet was increased about 8.0% in the plots treated with compost tea or interaction between N mineral N and compost tea treatments above the control treatment. The interaction between mineral N and compost tea treatments had a significant effect on sugar yield, sugar percentage, purity, and quality of sugar beet and soil fertility.     

Effects of Caspian Sea Water on Sugar Beet Seed Germination

The shortage of good quality water resources is becoming an important issue in arid, semi-arid, and coastal zones. Sugar beet yield declines with an increase in salinity, but its sensitivity to salts varies with the salt composition in water and the plant growth stage. The possible use of Caspian Sea water, which its salinity is well below that of open seas, is desirable for irrigation. The aim of this study was to determine effects of various Caspian Sea water regimes on sugar beet seed germination. A randomized complete block (RCB) design was used with four replications of 15 seeds per pot. Eleven different irrigation treatments of Caspian Sea water ranging from 0% to 100% were applied that each treatment indicates the percent of Caspian Sea water to the mixture with the fresh water. Seed germination percent and the mean time to germination data were obtained for 30 days. Statistical analysis revealed that seed germination was significantly affected by Caspian Sea water, particularly by the salinity levels above the electric conductivity (EC) 13 dSm^?1.     

Micronutrient Concentration in Horticultural Crops Grown on a Soil Amended with the Solid Phase of Pig Slurry

Abstract

Previous studies carried out on metal fractionation have shown that more than 95% of metals are in the solid phase of pig slurries (SPPS), with copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) being the commonly occurring micronutrients in animal slurries. The input of micronutrients associated with the application of SPPS could be an important pathway for the supply of these essential elements to arable crops in bioavailable forms, especially in calcareous soils, which induce the immobilization of these elements. The aim of this work was to study the effect of application of pig manures (fresh and composted) derived from the SPPS on the micronutrient—iron (Fe), Cu, Magnesium (Mn), and Zn—concentration on amended calcareous soils in horticultural plants (cucumber and Milan cabbage). In addition, the effect of composting and application rates were analyzed. The experiment was conducted in field conditions on a Xerofluvent soil with a clayey‐loam texture. The organic wastes used in this study were uncomposted and composted solid fractions of swine manure slurry (UC‐SPPS and C‐SPPS, respectively) at two different rates (supplying 300 kg N ha^?1 and 450 kg N ha^?1 respectively). A mineral fertilizer treatment equivalent to 300 kg N ha^?1 and a control treatment without fertilization were also included for comparison. The use of SPPS amendment induced a biomass production similar to the mineral fertilizer for cucumber, but higher in Milan cabbage plants, without any yield increment associated with the increased application rate of SPPS or composting. Micronutrient concentration in cucumber and cabbage plants was affected by the SPPS amendment, with an increase of Mn and Zn uptake and a decrease of Cu, compared to the control. The increasing application rate of SPPS did not induce a general increase in the plant uptake of micronutrients; the opposite was true for the crops grown in the C‐SPPS‐amended soils.     

盐土改良肥对草甸盐土的改良效果和对甜菜经济效益的影响

[目的]研究甘肃省河西走廊盐土改良肥对草甸盐土改良效果和甜菜经济效益的影响,为该区甜菜产业可持续发展提供技术支撑。[方法]选择甘肃省酒泉市肃州区铧尖乡草甸盐土,采用田间试验方法开展研究。[结果]影响甜菜产量的原料依次是:盐土调控剂甜菜专用肥有机碳肥。盐土改良肥配方组合为:甜菜专用肥0.0586:盐土调控剂0.0623:有机碳肥0.8791。盐土改良肥施用量与草甸盐土孔隙度、团聚体、持水量、有机质、速效氮磷钾、甜菜农艺性状、经济性状和产量之间呈显著的正相关关系,与容重、pH值、全盐含量之间呈显著的负相关关系。经回归统计分析,盐土改良肥经济效益最佳施用量为39.64t/hm2,甜菜块根理论产量为96.68t/hm2。施用盐土改良肥与传统的抗盐丰盐碱土改良剂和沃丰隆盐碱土改良剂比较,施肥利润分别增加414.48,946.10%元/hm2。[结论]施用盐土改良肥,可以改善草甸盐土理化性质,提高酶活性和甜菜产量。     

Efficiency of Potassium Fertilization and Salicylic Acid on Yield and Nutrient Accumulation of Sugar Beet Grown on Saline Soil

Rising soil salinity has been a major problem in the soils of Egypt in recent decades. Potassium fertilization and salicylic acid (SA) play an important role in promoting plants to tolerate salt stress and increased the yield of sugar beet crop. A field experiment on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) grown on saline soil was carried out during 2014 growing season in Port Said Governorate, Egypt, to study the effect of potassium fertilization of the soil at applications of 0, 100, 150, and 200 kg potassium (K) ha^?1 and foliar spray of SA by solution of 1000 mg L^?1, twice (1200 L ha^?1 each time) on yield and nutrient uptake. Application of 200 kg K ha^?1 in combination with salicylic foliar spray gave the highest root length, root diameter, shoot and root yield, sucrose, juice purity percentage, gross sugar yield, and white possible extractable sugar, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) content, and uptake of sugar beet. The highest increase in sucrose (20%) as well as white possible extractable sugar (184%) was obtained by 200 kg K ha^?1 in combination with salicylic foliar spray compared with untreated soil with potassium fertilization and without salicylic foliar spray.     

长期施用微肥条件下微量元素和有机官能团在团聚体中的积累特征

微量元素对作物生长至关重要,长期施用微肥可能影响微量元素在农田土壤中的分布,进而影响作物产量及土壤有机碳结构。以渭北旱塬35年锌（Zn）、锰（Mn）、铜（Cu）微肥处理农田为研究对象,分别测定耕层土壤≥250、250~125、125~63、63~20、≤20 μm粒级中Zn、Mn、Cu元素含量,并通过傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）测定各粒级有机官能团类型及含量,以期揭示长期微肥下微量元素积累与有机官能团之间的相互关系。结果表明,试验区土壤有机碳含量处于较低水平（6~12 g?kg-1）,长期施用Zn、Mn、Cu肥并未显著改善土壤有机碳含量,但导致Zn、Cu元素在表层土壤中明显富集（幅度分别为10%、100%以上）,而 Mn元素无明显富集（幅度在10%以内）。三种元素在微小团聚体（≤20 μm）中的富集程度最高,但该粒级有机碳抗分解能力最小（0.30~0.32）,这主要因为该粒级不稳定官能团C-O含量较高且矿物含量较高,与有机碳稳定性正相关的C=O、C=N、C=C含量少。试验区土壤中Cu元素积累与C-O、C=O、C=N呈正相关,而Zn、Mn元素与官能团之间无相关性,这与有机碳丰富的土壤存在较大差异。综上,长期施用微肥未显著改变试验区表层土壤有机碳含量及结构,但导致Zn、Mn、Cu元素在表层微小团聚体中产生不同程度的积累,这主要与有机碳总量、有机官能团含量及类型、元素吸附效率有关。     

NaCl+Na_2SO_4胁迫对甜菜根际土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响

为了探究NaCl+Na_2SO_4胁迫下甜菜根际环境的变化,选用KWS0143和Beta464 2个品种为材料,在盆栽条件下,将Na Cl和Na_2SO_4以摩尔比2∶1混合,按Na占土壤质量百分比为0、0.2%、0.3%和0.4%(S0、S2、S3和S4)设置4个处理,研究不同程度盐胁迫对甜菜根际土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,胁迫处理下根际土壤真菌、细菌和放线菌数量差异显著,细菌(18.19×10~5~176.23×10~5CFU·g~(-1))放线菌(7.08×10~5~35.18×10~5CFU·g~(-1))真菌(0.18×10~5~0.98×10~5CFU·g~(-1))。同一取样时期,各处理之间比较,土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性和微生物总量均是S3最高;2个品种的根际土壤微生物数量和酶活性在取样后期差异均显著,KWS0143高于Beta464。相关分析表明,脲酶活性与细菌数量和微生物总量,过氧化氢酶活性与放线菌数量均呈显著正相关。由此可见,一定量的盐胁迫有利于提高甜菜根际土壤微生物数量及酶活性。本研究为调控盐渍土甜菜生长提供了理论依据。     

不同改良材料对苏打盐碱化耕地土壤化学特性及甜菜生长的影响

[目的] 筛选出适宜内蒙古西辽河平原区苏打盐碱化耕地的土壤改良材料,为该区域盐碱地综合开发利用和农业可持续发展提供理论依据。[方法] 选取目前应用效果较好的有机硅肥、腐植酸肥和微生物菌肥3种土壤改良材料,分析其对苏打盐碱化耕地土壤pH值、碱化度、全盐含量、有机质含量及甜菜生长和产量和质量的影响。[结果] ①3种土壤改良材料均能不同程度改善苏打盐碱化耕地土壤化学性状,具体表现为能有效地降低土壤pH值、碱化度和全盐含量,提高有机质含量。不同处理和对照的土壤pH值、碱化度、全盐含量和有机质含量均表现为10—20 cm土层大于0—10 cm土层;与对照相比,3种土壤改良材料对土壤pH值、碱化度的降低幅度和对有机质的提高幅度10—20 cm土层大于0—10 cm土层,而对土壤全盐含量的降低幅度则0—10 cm土层大于10—20 cm土层;3种土壤改良材料中,以有机硅肥对土壤pH值、碱化度、全盐含量和有机质含量的改善效果最佳。②与对照相比,3种土壤改良材料均可显著提高甜菜出苗率和存活率,促进甜菜株高、叶面积指数和全株鲜重等生长指标的提高,进而提高甜菜产量和质量,其中以有机硅肥处理效果最佳;3种土壤改良材料虽然都不同程度地增加了甜菜的产值,但仅有机硅肥经济效益高于对照。③影响苏打盐碱化耕地甜菜出苗、存活、生长、产量和质量指标的主要因子是土壤pH值、碱化度、全盐含量和有机质等化学特性指标。通过施用土壤改良材料,能够对土壤化学特性起到直接调控作用,从而有效地保证甜菜生长发育,提高产量和质量。[结论] 综合考虑土壤特性、甜菜生长、产量和质量以及经济效益等指标,施用有机硅肥较其他2种材料对苏打盐碱化耕地的改良和甜菜栽培具有较好效果。     

Effect of Two Magnesium Fertilizers on Leaf Magnesium Concentration,Yield, and Quality of Potato and Sugar Beet

Twelve field experiments were conducted to study the impacts of calcined magnesite and Kieserite fertilizers on yield, quality and leaf concentrations of magnesium (Mg) in potatoes and sugar beet. The rate of Mg applied was 60 kg Mg ha^?1, and the experiments were realized in six locations for both crop species. There were clear increases in leaf Mg concentration and yield of both crops resulting from application of Mg fertilizers. Mean increase in leaf Mg concentration and crop yield for both species were more pronounced with Kieserite than with calcined magnesite. Sugar concentrations of sugar beet and dry matter yield of potatoes were, however, influenced only slightly by the Mg fertilizers. It seems that superiority of Kieserite to calcined magnesite is related to higher Mg solubility of Kieserite. Use of Mg fertilizers with higher solubility helps to avoid the risk of Mg deficiency and subsequent losses in yield and economic returns.     

Changes in Fractions of Iron,Manganese, Copper,and Zinc in Soil under Continuous Cropping for More Than Three Decades

The effect of continuous cropping with maize and wheat on soil characteristics and various forms of micronutrient cations in an Incetisol over the years was studied in an ongoing long‐term experiment in New Delhi, India. The soil samples collected in the years of 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, and 2004 were analyzed for different fractions of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) by following a sequential extraction procedure. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) content of the soil varied from 8.28 to 8.53, 0.40 to 0.43 dSm^?1, and 0.92 to 1.05%, respectively. Organic carbon content ranged from 0.38 in the control to 0.67% in 100% NPK + farmyard manure (FYM). Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)–extractable Fe and Mn (but not Zn and Cu) in soil declined from their respective initial (1971) values as a result of intensive cropping for more than three decades. It also resulted in a decrease in the concentrations of all the four metallic cations bound to organic matter, in addition to Fe and Zn, associated with carbonates in all the treatments in surface soil.     

Effects of Long‐Term Irrigation using Industrial Wastewater on Soil Properties and Elemental Contents of Rice,Spinach, Clover,and Grass

Abstract

Application of industrial wastewater on agricultural lands increased the amounts of elements in soil and plants. To investigate the effects of wastewater on soil properties and element content in soil and plants, wastewaters of three industries (chrome chemical, wood and paper, and textiles) were examined in 2005. At harvest time, the soil samples were taken from depths of 0–15 and 15–30 cm, and the roots and shoots of rice, spinach, clover, and grass and grain of rice in an industrial wastewater–treated area and untreated area were sampled. Results indicated that the concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) increased in river water when wastewater was discharged into it. Use of the river water, influenced by industrial wastewater, for irrigation of rice and other plants increased the amounts of organic matter and available Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe in soil. Cation exchange capacity was correlated with available Cu and Fe in soil (+0.431** and +0.499**, respectively). Soil organic matter was correlated with available Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe in soil. However, the clay content in soil did not correlate with these elements. Meanwhile, in roots, shoots, and grains of rice and roots and shoots of spinach, clover, and grasses of agricultural land influenced by industrial wastewater, the amounts of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe increased. Therefore, by increasing the amount of Mn in the soil, the concentration of Zn in rice grain decreased and the concentration of Cu and Mn increased. Transferred Zn concentrations to rice grain and shoots of spinach, clover, and grass were more than Cu and Mn and increased in rice grain.     

畜禽粪肥对土壤有效铜锌铁锰含量的影响

采用室内培养和DTPA浸提法研究了鸡粪、牛粪和猪粪等有机肥料对土壤有效Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn含量的影响。结果表明,在供试条件下施用鸡粪、牛粪和猪粪均可使土壤中有效Cu、Mn含量增加,但有效Zn含量降低;施用鸡粪可使土壤有效Fe含量增加,而施用牛粪和猪粪使土壤有效Fe含量降低。增加鸡粪施用量,可使土壤中有效Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn含量增加;培养期间有效Cu、Zn含量变化幅度较小,有效Fe、Mn含量变化较大。     

三江平原白浆土中Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn生物有效性的研究

在三江平原上,测定 42 个小区中玉米、大豆、小麦籽实 Fe、Mn、Cu 和 Zn 含量和土壤中各形态 Fe、Mn、Cu 和Zn含量.通过相关分析和通径分析,探讨了土壤中各形态Fe、Mn、Cu 和 Zn 的生物有效性,旨在为该地区合理施用微量元素提供科学依据.试验结果表明,玉米、大豆和小麦籽实含 Fe、Mn、Cu 和 Zn 量与土壤中有效态和交换态 Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn含量呈显著或极显著正相关.有机态 Fe、Mn、Cu 和 Zn含量与玉米、大豆和小麦籽实Fe、Mn、Cu 和 Zn含量也有很好的相关关系.交换态对有效态 Fe、Mn、Cu 和 Zn 影响最大,其次是有机质结合态.铁锰氧化物结合态 Fe、Cu 对有效态 Fe、Cu 及碳酸盐结合态 Mn、Zn 对有效态 Mn、Zn 具有一定正效应.而残留态 Fe、Cu 对有效态 Fe、Cu 和铁锰氧化物结合态 Mn 对有效态 Mn 产生负效应.     

土壤锌、铁、铜、锰形态的分布及其与植物有效性的关系

The distribution of various fractions of Zn,Fe,Cu and Mn in 15 types of soils in China and its relationship with plant availability were studied.Fractions of various elements were found to have some similar characterstic distribution regularities in various types of soils,but various soil types differed to varying degrees in the distribution of each fraction.Soil physico-chemical properties,such as pH,CEC and the contents of OM,CaCO3,free Fe,free Mn and P2O5,were significantly correlated with the distribution of elemental fractions,and a significant correlation also existed between the distribution and plant availability of elemental fractions.Various fractions of each element were divided into two groups based on their plant availability.The correlation between the distribution of combination fractions and plat availability indicated a significantly or an extremely significantly positive correlation for Group I but a significantly or an extremely significantly negative correlation for Group II.Therefore,the fractions in Goup I were primary pools of available nutrients,while those in Group II could hardly provide available nutrients for plants.Decreasing the transformation of corresponding elements into fractions of Group II and increasing the storage capacity of various fractions of Group I were an important direction for regulation and controlling of soil nutrients.However,some Particular soils with too high contents of Zn,Fe,Cu and Mn should be regulated and controlled adversely.     

鸡粪等有机肥料的养分释放及对土壤有效铜、锌、铁、锰含量的影响

采用室内培养法研究鸡粪、牛粪和猪粪等畜禽有机肥料的矿化率和速效氮、磷、钾养分释放特性,并探讨施用有机肥料对土壤有效铜、锌、铁、锰含量的影响。结果表明,鸡粪、牛粪和猪粪等畜禽有机肥料当季(120d)有机碳矿化率分别为87．5％、71．9％和55．4％,碱解氮释放量分别为39．9％、20．6％和35．3％,速效磷释放量分别为24．6％、61．3％和34．8％,速效钾释放量分别为78．8％、36．8％和41．5％。供试条件下土壤有效铜、锰含量增加,但有效锌含量降低,施用鸡粪可使土壤有效铁含量增加,而施用牛粪和猪粪则使土壤有效铁含量降低。     

Comparison of MnSO4 and MnEDTA for soybeans grown on two soils in the greenhouse

Abstract

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to compare MnSO₄ and MnEDTA as Mn sources. Four soil‐applied rates of each source were applied to two Coastal Plain soils, a Leefield s (pH 6.3) and an Alapaha is (pH 7.0). Plants were grown for 40 days and dry tissue weights were recorded along with leaf contents of Mn, Zn, Fe and Cu. The same ions were extracted from the soil with DTPA. The chelate source caused no differences in either extractable soil Mn or plant Mn between soils or among rates even when added at its highest rate of 2 μgMn/g. The sulfate source increased extractable soil Mn and plant Mn over the various rates but more so for the Alapaha soil than for the Leefield. Plant weights were not different between sources except on the averages for the Leefield soil. However, for the Leefield soil and the sulfate source, plant weights were lower for the check than for intermediate Mn rates due to Mn deficiency and lower for the high Ma rate (50 μg/g) presumably due to toxicity. A correlation coefficient of 0.866** was obtained for soil‐extracted Mn versus plant Mn concentration indicating that the DTPA was a good extractant for these two soils. High correlations between plant and soil Mn versus plant and soil Zn, Fe, and Cu for the chelate source showed that the MnEDTA affected metal ion availabilities other than just Mn. It was concluded that the MnSO₄ was the better source at the rates used and that for these soils the best rate was S μgMn/g applied to the soil.     

我国主要麦区土壤有效铁锰铜锌丰缺状况评价及影响因素

明确我国主要麦区土壤有效铁锰铜锌含量分布和影响因素，对了解麦田土壤微量元素供应能力、指导小麦丰产与优质生产至关重要。于2016—2021年连续6年，在我国17个小麦主产省/市采集1 314份耕层土壤样品，参考中国土壤有效微量元素分级标准，评价了我国麦田土壤有效铁锰铜锌丰缺状况，并采用随机森林方法定量分析了主要土壤化学性质对铁锰铜锌有效性的贡献。结果表明，我国主要麦区土壤有效铁含量介于1.8~612 mg?kg-1，平均为49.1 mg?kg-1，8.9%的样本未达到缺铁临界值4.5 mg?kg-1，且主要集中在北方、西北麦区的山西、陕西、甘肃等地，西南和长江中下游麦区有效铁较高。土壤有效锰介于0.1~176 mg?kg-1，平均为22.1 mg?kg-1，低于缺锰临界值5 mg?kg-1的样本占6.9%，缺锰土壤分布在西北、北方麦区的山西、陕西、甘肃、内蒙古等地，西南、长江中下游麦区土壤有效锰含量较高。土壤有效铜介于0.1~10.8 mg?kg-1，平均为1.9 mg?kg-1，仅1.8%样本未达到缺铜临界值0.5 mg?kg-1。土壤有效锌介于0.1~26.0 mg?kg-1，平均为1.4 mg?kg-1，14.3%的样本低于缺锌临界值0.5 mg?kg-1，主要分布在西北和北方麦区的山西、陕西、甘肃、内蒙古等省份，云南、贵州等西南麦区的有效锌较高。土壤基本化学性质中，pH对有效铁、有效锰含量影响最大，有效铁是铜有效性的重要因素，影响有效锌的主要因素是有效磷和有效铜。我国麦田土壤有效铁锰铜锌含量存在较大的区域变异，铁、锰、锌不足主要发生在北方石灰性土壤，南方麦田供应充足，几乎所有麦田土壤有效铜可满足作物铜需求。     

Soil Factors Affecting Yield,Quality, and Response to Nitrogen of Sugar Beets Grown on Light-Textured Soils in Northern Greece

For 7 years (1997–2003), five nitrogen (N) rates (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg N ha^?1) were applied to sugar beets arranged in randomized complete block (RCB) design experiments with six replications and grown on light soils (sand content >50 g kg^?1) in northern Greece. The aim of this work was to identify soil characteristics that affect yield, quality, and sugar beet response to N fertilization. Before sowing, soil analyses were conducted in control plots (0 kg N ha^?1) at two depths (0–30 and 30–60 cm). Soils differed in their physical and chemical properties and especially in sand content, which ranged from 500 to 732 g kg^?1. Quantitative (root number, RN; root yield, RY; and sugar yield, SY) and qualitative (percentage sucrose content in fresh root weight, SC; potassium, K; sodium, Na; and α-amino N) traits of control plots were used as soil fertility index. The RN was positively affected by clay content, and RY and SY were positively related with sand and negatively with silt content. The SC was negatively affected by soil (NO₃)-N and sodium (Na) concentrations. Also, soil (NO₃)-N concentration was positively related with root impurities (K, Na, α-amino N). In combined data over years, N rates had a negative effect on the RN. The RY was the only trait affected by years, N rates, and their interaction. The SC and SY differed significantly between years, and N rates affected significantly the former but not the latter. In combined data over years, N rates were curvilinearly related with Na concentration in roots, whereas a strong, linear relationship was found between α-amino N concentration and N rates. To study the significant years × N rates interaction evidenced for the RY, the relative response (RR) of the RY to N was introduced. Actually, the RR expresses the increase or decrease of the RY for a 150 kg N ha^?1 rate compared to the control (0 kg N ha^?1). The RR was strongly related with soil K concentration at the 0- to 30-cm depth (y = –0.00002x² + 0.0082x + 0.5085, r² = 0.92, P < 0.01, n = 7) and with total N concentration at the deeper layer (y = 1.8335x² – 3.5312x + 2.6614, r² = 0.88, P < 0.05, n = 6). Thus, the RY response to a rate of 150 kg N ha^?1, which is the commonly applied to the sugar beet crop in Greece, can be predicted reliably by soil characteristics (K and total N concentration) determined before sowing. The strong relationship between soil K concentration and sugar beet response to N merits further research.     

Sugar beet yield response to different levels of saline irrigation water and leaching in an arid region

The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of saline irrigation water and leaching on the sugar beet yield components. In a field experiment in Rudasht region (Isfahan, Iran), three irrigation water salinity levels (1.6, 8.1, and 12.3 dS m^?1) and with/without leaching were applied. The experimental units comprised of a completely randomized block design, with split plot in four replications. The results indicated that the white sugar yield and alkalinity decreased by increasing the water salinity. Salts leaching significantly increased the root yield, white sugar yield, and white sugar concentration. With higher levels of water salinity molasses sugar, leaf weight, and the concentrations of Na, K, and α- amino-N in sugar beet significantly increased. Consequently, it appears that the use of drainage water in combination with fresh water could be recommended as a strategic management way to grow sugar beet in the investigated arid region.     

The extractable trace element content of acid soils and the influence of pH,organic matter and clay content

Abstract

The analysis of extractable trace elements was carried out on 434 soils using 0.1 N HC1 as the extractant for copper, manganese, iron, zinc and cobalt, 0.2 M ammonium oxalate at pH 3.0 for molybdenum and boiling water for boron. Results indicated that on the average from about 1 to 20 percent of the total element content of the soil uas extractable, the percentage varying with the element. Comparing the amount of extractable elements in the 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm layers indicated that only manganese, zinc and boron were significantly different.

Correlation studies showed that the pH significantly influenced the quantity of manganese, iron, zinc and boron extracted, while organic matter influenced copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt and boron and clay content the copper, manganese, iron, zinc, cobalt and boron.