周年施氮对冬小麦-夏大豆轮作产量及土壤氮素含量的影响

为探讨周年不同施氮组合对冬小麦-夏大豆轮作体系土壤氮素及产量影响规律,于2017-2018年,在伊宁县农业科技示范园内开展大田试验,以冬小麦-夏大豆轮作为研究对象,在前茬麦季设置4个施氮水平:0(N0)、104(N1)、173(N2)、242 kg·hm-2(N3);后茬大豆设置3个施氮水平:0(S0)、69(S1)、...     

绿肥配施氮肥对双季稻产量和养分吸收的影响

基于2016年的田间定位试验,在冬闲(F)和冬种绿肥(G)2种模式下,探究不同施氮量(N0:不施氮;N50:减氮50%;N100:常规氮;N150:增施氮50%)对双季稻产量、养分吸收特征及氮素利用率的影响,以期为南方稻区绿肥利用和氮肥施用提供科学理论依据。结果表明,与冬闲模式相比,冬种绿肥模式提高4种不同氮水平下的早晚稻产量,其中早、晚稻稻谷产量平均增产8.0%,5.7%。2种模式下的早稻产量随施氮量增加均呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,而晚稻则呈现上升的趋势。冬种绿肥模式同样提高植株地上部氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)素积累量和氮肥偏生产力。随施氮量的增加,这2种模式的早晚稻养分收获指数和氮肥利用率大多呈下降趋势,高量氮肥处理(N150)降低早稻地上部K素的积累量。早晚稻稻谷产量与水稻N、P和K素积累量存在显著正相关,2种模式下的高氮处理(N150)K素吸收的降低与其早稻产量下降相关联。结合稻谷产量与施氮量拟合分析、养分吸收利用等多方面效应,综合考量,冬闲模式下,早稻季氮肥适宜施用范围为150.0～170.3 kg/hm²,冬种绿肥模式下,早稻季氮肥适宜施用范围为75...     

猪粪替代氮肥对稻麦轮作条件下土壤有机氮组分的影响

合理的有机肥投入水平对于保障土壤肥力和粮食生产有重要的意义。因此,本试验以猪粪作为试验材料,采用田间小区定位试验,通过设置对照(T0)、不施氮(T1)、100%化肥氮(T2)、25%猪粪氮+75%化肥氮(T3)、50%猪粪氮+50%化肥氮(T4)、100%猪粪氮(T5)6个不同施肥处理,探讨稻麦轮作体系下不同猪粪氮替代氮肥对土壤有机氮组分的影响。结果表明:猪粪替代氮肥可以提高稻麦轮作体系下土壤酸解性总氮、非酸解性总氮和酸解性氮各个组分的含量,在水稻季,T4处理的土壤酸解性总氮、氨基酸态氮和酸解未知氮的含量相较T0处理提高了17%、8%、133%;在小麦季,T3处理的土壤酸解性总氮、氨基酸态氮和酸解未知氮的含量相较T0处理分别增加了11%、8%、127%;各个猪粪替代氮水平对稻麦两季的土壤氨态氮和氨基糖态氮含量的影响均不显著。总体而言,水稻季50%猪粪替代氮肥和小麦季25%猪粪替代氮肥可以提高稻麦轮作条件下土壤酸解性总氮、氨基酸态氮和酸解未知氮的含量,进而增加土壤供氮潜力。     

沼肥对大豆产量、品质、养分和土壤化学性质的影响

为探讨沼肥在大豆上的合理施用技术,采用田间试验,研究沼肥对大豆产量、品质、养分吸收利用及土壤化学性质的影响。结果表明：与习惯施肥处理相比,100%沼渣、30%沼渣＋化肥、20%沼渣＋化肥处理的大豆产量分别增加1.02%,10.48%,0.16%;大豆粗脂肪含量分别增加2.31%,2.70%,5.07%;磷肥利用率分别增加5.04%,23.39%,8.60%;土壤有机质含量分别升高13.39%,3.68%,0.50%;20-80 cm土层内土壤硝态氮、铵态氮含量降低幅度分别在13.70%～61.56%,15.98%～70.10%之间。说明试验条件下,无论沼渣单施还是沼渣与化肥配施均可提高大豆粗脂肪含量、磷肥利用率、土壤有机质含量,降低氮素的流失。     

氮肥后移对强筋小麦氮素积累转运及籽粒产量与品质的影响

为探索强筋小麦施用氮肥的合理基追比模式,在山西中部麦区水地小麦田,研究了氮肥基施、拔节期追施和孕穗期追施的不同比例(10∶0∶0,7∶3∶0,7∶2∶1,6∶4∶0,6∶2∶2,5∶5∶0,5∶3∶2)对强筋小麦CA0547氮素积累转运及籽粒产量与品质的影响。结果表明:(1)适当追氮对强筋小麦CA0547氮素与干物质积累转运及产量品质有显著的调节效应。(2)追氮能显著提高小麦拔节期后的含氮量,提高花前氮素转运量和花后氮素积累量,促进氮素向籽粒中的累积,同时增加花前干物质转运量和花后干物质积累量,为产量提高提供了物质基础。(3)籽粒氮素中约有68.38%~75.18%是来自花前氮素转运,籽粒产量中约有55.12%~70.04%是来自花后干物质积累。追氮通过显著增加穗数和穗粒数来提高产量,并提高氮素吸收效率和氮素生产效率。(4)追氮可提高籽粒醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白、总蛋白质和湿面筋含量,提高面筋指数和淀粉含量,改善谷醇比和直/支比,进而改善籽粒品质。相关分析亦表明,提高干物质花后积累量与花前氮素转运量可以改善小麦品质。(5)拔节期和孕穗期2次施氮效果不如拔节期1次追施。综合分析得出,在本试验条件下,施氮量150kg/hm~2时,基肥、拔节肥、孕穗肥比例为6∶4∶0能较好的协调产量品质之间的关系。     

绿肥轮作还田对稻田土壤溶液氮素变化及水稻产量的影响

通过研究利用绿肥等改变轮作制度及N素管理后稻田土壤溶液中溶解性N素的动态变化及水稻产量的变化,评价了利用绿肥参与水稻轮作系统,减少无机N肥的施用量,促进水稻生长的同时降低环境负荷的可行性。研究表明,在总N量相当的情况下,冬绿肥还田或冬季休闲稻季土壤溶液中NH4 -N浓度均比稻麦轮作单施化肥的处理低。溶液NO3--N浓度随还田有机物料的C/N增加显著降低。利用豆科紫云英轮作还田,可降低44％的无机N肥用量,溶解性N浓度显著降低,是减小稻季N肥流失环境风险的有效途径。     

Seed Nitrogen Mobilization in Soybean: Effects of Seed Nitrogen Content and External Nitrogen Fertility

Soybean breeding programs have developed genetic lines with relatively low seed protein, which could negatively impact early seedling growth in low fertility conditions commonly encountered in the field. In these experiments, seed protein mobilization and its regulation in situ in soybean lines with different seed protein levels was investigated. The results showed that rates of nitrogen (N) release from cotyledons were much lower with decreasing levels of N in seed. Patterns of proteolysis of the storage proteins glycinin and β -conglycinin and their subunits were not different, but breakdown rates were slower. Seed N release rates increased somewhat when external N was supplied to roots of the developing seedlings, suggesting the involvement of source/sink controls. The effect appeared to be down-stream from proteolysis, as rates of protein breakdown were not altered. The results indicate that low seed protein levels will lead to reduced seedling fitness in low fertility soil conditions unless fertilizer N is applied.     

稳定氮肥用量对夏玉米产量和氮肥利用率的影响

通过大田小区试验,研究了稳定氮肥不同用量对夏玉米产量、养分累积量、氮肥利用效率及经济效益的影响。结果表明,与不施稳定氮肥相比,稳定氮肥施氮量90、150、210 kg·hm-2和270 kg·hm-2分别增产36.7%、62.1%、76.6%和81.9%,地上部氮素总累积量分别增加39.0%、60.3%、79.0%和113.4%,经济效益分别增加36.1%、61.2%、72.7%和77.1%;与农民习惯施用氮肥相比,高量稳定氮肥用量210 kg·hm-2和270 kg·hm-2分别增产7.3%和10.5%,地上部氮素总累积量分别增加3.2%和23.0%,经济效益分别增加9.7%和11.4%。施用稳定氮肥促进夏玉米对氮素的吸收累积,高量210 kg·hm-2和270kg·hm-2处理较习惯施氮提高总吸氮量。施用稳定氮肥各处理氮肥表观利用率和农学效率显著高于农民习惯施氮,偏生产力高于农民习惯施氮,生理效率除270 kg·hm-2处理外,高于农民习惯施氮。稳定氮肥施氮量在210 kg·hm-2时,能较好地协调玉米高产与稳定氮肥合理利用的统一。     

施氮量对2个粒色小麦产量及加工品质的影响

为探究施氮量对2个不同粒色小麦品种产量和加工品质的影响,采用裂区试验设计,以白粒小麦中麦8号和黑粒小麦漯珍1号为试验材料,测定2个品种的SPAD值、产量及产量构成因素和部分加工品质指标。结果表明,在同一施氮水平下,2个品种旗叶的SPAD值随时间推移呈先升高后降低的趋势,均在花后20 d和施氮量300 kg·hm~(-2)处理下有最大值,分别为57.52和63.55,增施氮肥可以有效缓解小麦旗叶叶绿素的降解,延长旗叶功能期。在120~300 kg·hm~(-2)的施氮量范围内,除中麦8号的穗粒数在施氮量300 kg·hm~(-2)处理下有最大值外,籽粒产量及产量构成因素随施氮量增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。随施氮量的增加,容重、硬度、出粉率和吸水率逐渐增加;蛋白质含量、沉降值、湿面筋含量、形成时间、稳定时间及粉质评价值呈先升高后降低趋势,最高值出现在施氮量240 kg·hm~(-2)的处理;漯珍1号的籽粒蛋白质含量、沉降值、湿面筋、吸水率、形成时间和粉质评价值均高于中麦8号,而容重、硬度、出粉率和稳定时间反之。2个品种在施氮量240 kg·hm~(-2)处理下既提高了产量又改善了部分加工品质。本研究结果为不同粒色小麦优质高产栽培提供了理论依据。     

大豆根瘤及产量对生物糖氮肥和尿素的响应

为探究生物糖氮肥和尿素2种类型氮肥对大豆根瘤的调控效应,以合丰55为试验材料,设置4个处理,即:生物糖氮肥150 kg·hm-2(N1)、生物糖氮肥225 kg·hm-2(N2)、尿素150 kg·hm-2(N3)、尿素75 kg·hm-2(N4),采用随机区组设计,研究不同类型氮肥对大豆根瘤数量、根瘤干重、根系干重、地上部干物重和有效根瘤的影响。结果表明,不同处理对大豆籽粒产量的影响依次为N1N2N4N3,且各处理间差异达到极显著水平。N1的大豆籽粒产量比N2、N3、N4分别高6.24%、21.57%、9.39%。N1的根瘤数量、根瘤干重、根系干重、地上部干物重以及有效根瘤最高,最终籽粒产量最高。因此,生物糖氮肥对大豆根瘤生长发育起促进作用,进而提高大豆产量。本研究为大豆氮素营养调控和高产施肥提供了理论参考。     

Plant Density and Nitrogen Effects on Maize Phenology and Grain Yield

ABSTRACT

Nitrogen (N) and plant density are considered some of the most important factors affecting crop phenology (days to tasseling, silking, and maturity), morphology (leaves plant^?1, seeds ear^?1, ears 100 plants^?1) and grain yield. The effects of plant density and N on phenology, morphology, and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) at Peshawar in northwestern Pakistan were evaluated during 2002 to 2004. The 2 × 3 × 6 factorial experiment was designed having two plant densities (60,000 and 100,000 plants ha^?1) and three N levels (60, 120, and 180 kg N ha^?1) applied to main plots, while six split application of N in different proportions were applied to subplots in two equal, three equal, three unequal, four equal, five equal and five unequal splits at sowing and with 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th irrigation at two week intervals. All the phenological characteristics were significantly affected by year, plant density, rate and timing of nitrogen application. Year and plant density had no significant effect while rates and split application of N had significant effects on the leaf number plant^?1 and seed number ear^?1. Year, plant density and N rate had significant effects while N splits had no significant effects on the number of ears 100 plants^?1 of maize. Significantly higher grain yield was observed under high plant densities, high N rate and split application of N, while its response to year effects was statistically non-significant. Tasseling, silking and physiological maturity were delayed and maximum grain yield was obtained from those plots maintained at higher plant density. Delaying in the phenological characteristics while increasing the number of leaves and seeds plant^?1, and number of ears 100 plant^?1 through high rate and split application of N results in maximum yield of maize at Peshawar. This study suggested that maize production can be maximized through high plant density and high N split application.     

有机肥等氮替代化肥对玉米产量和氮素吸收利用效率的影响

有机肥替施部分化肥是实现我国化肥零增长并保持作物高产稳产的重要途径之一。以等养分条件为基础,研究不同比例有机肥等氮替代基施化肥对玉米产量以及氮素吸收利用的影响,为云南红壤坡耕地有机肥的合理利用及玉米施肥结构的调整提供科学依据。通过田间小区试验,分别设置不施肥处理(CK)、施用100%化肥处理(NPK)及4个基施有机肥等氮替代化肥处理,替代率分别为10%(T₁),20%(T₂),30%(T₃),40%(T₄),分析玉米产量、吸氮量以及氮肥利用率等指标在不同施肥处理下的变化情况。结果表明:与NPK处理相比,不同比例有机肥替代化肥的处理能在一定程度上提高玉米籽粒、秸秆生物量,玉米籽粒产量提高达6.07%～19.53%,秸秆生物量提高达2.16%～21.76%,且有机肥替代30%的化肥处理下的玉米籽粒产量和秸秆生物量最高,分别达到7 653 kg/hm²,16 530 kg/hm²,较其他施肥处理有一定的显著性; 有机肥替代化肥的处理均提高了玉米籽粒和秸秆的吸氮量,各施肥处理下的玉米地上部氮素平均积累量从大到小依次为T₃(292 kg/hm²)>T₂(248 kg/hm²)>T₁(212 kg/hm²)>T₄(203 kg/hm²)>NPK(176 kg/hm²)>CK(52 kg/hm²),T₃处理较NPK,T₁,T₂,T₄处理下的玉米地上部分吸氮量分别提高了39.90%,27.37%,15.01%,30.38%; 与NPK处理相比,有机肥替代化肥的处理均提高了氮肥偏生产力、氮肥贡献率、氮肥表观利用率、氮肥的农学利用率,提高比例分别为5.00%～21.80%,2.44%～9.48%,20.48%～94.02%,7.54%～32.86%,且T₃处理下的各氮素利用率指标均显著高于其他施肥处理。综上,有机肥与化肥配施可提高玉米的籽粒产量和生物产量,且提高玉米的吸氮量及氮素利用效率,且以有机肥等氮替代30%基施化肥的配施效果最好,可作为云南红壤坡耕地玉米增产和氮肥增效的合理施肥模式。     

山地果园套种绿肥对氮磷径流流失的影响

采用野外天然降雨条件下的小区试验研究山地新生果园套种黑麦草、紫云英和箭舌豌豆绿肥作物对氮磷径流流失的影响。结果表明,果园套种绿肥作物黑麦草、紫云英和箭舌豌豆能分别减少36.4%,33.9%和5.3%的径流水量流失,56.4%,55.2%和8.8%的泥沙流失,土壤保水能力增加,固土效果加强。地表径流和泥沙携带侵蚀是果园氮磷养分流失的主要途径,种植绿肥作物黑麦草、紫云英和箭舌豌豆能使总氮流失分别减少55.2%,49.3%和18.7%,总磷流失分别减少58.5%,55.6%和30.1%。山地果园套种绿肥可使氮磷流失量明显降低,有助于水体环境的保护,同时还增加土壤肥力,改善果实品质。     

Evaluation of Sulfur Fertilization Effects on Yield,Quality, and Nutrient Content of Bermudagrass Hay

Yield, quality, and nutrient content of Vaughn’s #1 Bermudagrass^® as affected by sulfur (S) fertilization was evaluated in a 2-year field study. The study area was initially established in July 2004. Soil type was a Staser silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Cumulic Hapludoll) well drained, dark brown, and cherty with 0 to 2% slope. Sulfur rates of 22.4 and 44.8 kg S^?1 ha did not significantly (P < 0.05) affect yield of Vaughn’s bermudagrass in the 2 years of observations. Copper levels showed a highly significant response to S applications (P < 0.01). As S increased, the concentration of copper in the plant decreased. Nitrogen (N) as nitrate (NO₃) levels in the harvested forage were elevated among treatments in 2006; however, no significant difference was found in 2007. The greatest mean nitrate concentration in a single harvest was 1225 mg kg^?1 N-NO₃ on September 2006, which is safe to feed to cattle.     

冬小麦施氮对复播大豆土壤微生物区系及产量的影响

为揭示冬小麦不同施氮水平对复播大豆土壤微生物区系的后效影响,于2017-2018年在小麦季设置0、225、375和525 kg·hm^-2 4个施氮处理,分别记作CK、N₁、N₂和N₃,采用稀释平板法和MPV稀释法研究冬小麦不同施氮量对复播大豆土壤微生物区系的影响。结果表明,麦季施氮量对复播大豆土壤微生物区系具有显著的后效作用。随着麦季施氮量的增加,复播大豆产量、土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌、氨化细菌及好气性自生固氮菌数量呈先上升后下降的趋势,硝化细菌和反硝化细菌数量呈不断上升的趋势;其中,麦季适宜的施氮量(N₁、N₂)更能促进土壤微生物总数的生长繁殖,优化菌群结构,提高后茬大豆产量;而过量施氮(N₃)刺激硝化、反硝化细菌数量的增加,降低大豆产量,加速土壤中氮素损失,降低氮肥利用率。综合考虑冬小麦季施氮量为375 kg·hm^-2时,复播大豆产量达到最高,平均为2 988.93 kg·hm^-2,两年大...     

控释尿素对春玉米产量、氮效率及氮素平衡的影响

为明确控释尿素在春玉米上的应用效果及土壤氮素平衡状况,在黑龙江省双城、宾县、哈尔滨、肇源地区通过2011—2012年两年四点次田间小区试验,研究普通尿素与控释尿素(控释期90 d的树脂包膜尿素)混合施用对春玉米产量、氮肥效率(NUE)及土壤氮素盈亏的影响。结果表明,春玉米产量、植株吸氮量均随着施氮量的增加而增加。与普通尿素一次性基施相比,控释尿素能够提高玉米产量、植株吸氮量、氮肥表观利用率、氮农学效率(ANUE)及氮肥贡献率(FCR)。在相同氮素施用水平下(100%、75%、50%氮肥用量),100%基施控释尿素比100%基施普通尿素各处理玉米产量分别平均增加391、427、291 kg·hm-2;氮肥表观利用率提高5.9%、4.9%和5.1%;氮肥农学效率提高2.0、2.6 kg·kg~(-1)和2.6 kg·kg~(-1);氮肥贡献率增加2.7%、3.1%和2.4%。处理4(普通尿素40%基肥,60%追施)和处理5(40%普通尿素与60%控释尿素混合一次性基施)玉米产量、植株吸氮量、氮肥表观利用率、氮农学效率差异不显著。氮素表观亏缺量随着氮肥用量的增加而降低。与100%普通尿素作基肥一次性施入相比,100%控释尿素一次性基施降低氮素表观损失量15.0 kg·hm-2;40%普通尿素与60%控释尿素混合一次性基施降低氮素表观损失率23.9 kg·hm-2。可见,普通尿素与控释尿素分别以40%和60%的比例混合施用在黑龙江省玉米生产上是可以推广和借鉴的氮素管理方式。     

Growth and Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean as Affected by Phosphorus Fertilizer and Sheep Manure using 15N Isotopic Dilution

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of adding different phosphorus (P) fertilizer levels [0, 40, and 80 kg phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) ha^?1 (abbreviated as P0, P1, and P2, respectively)] and rates of sheep manure (M) [0, 20, and 40 ton ha^?1 (abbreviated as M0, M1, and M2, respectively)] on growth and nitrogen (N₂) fixation of soybean (Glycine max L.). Sorghum bicolor L. was employed as a reference crop to evaluate N₂ fixation using the ¹⁵N-isotpic dilution technique. Results showed that addition of P fertilizer or sheep manure had positive effects on dry-matter production, N accumulation, and seed yield. Such effects were more pronounced when adding sheep manure and P together than adding separately. Solely P fertilizer had a small impact on N₂ fixation. A tangible increase in the amounts of N₂ fixed due to manure addition occurred. The efficient use of N fertilizer (%NUE) increased significantly as the result of adding a high level of P fertilizer. However, a drastic decrease in %NUE was observed when sheep manure was added solely or in combination with P fertilizer. From productivity and ecological standpoints, P2M1 and P2M2 surpassed the other treatments in showing greater grain yield and greater N₂ fixation. However, considering the high cost of sheep manure, P2M1 was the optimal treatment for improving growth and N₂ fixation in soybean plants with minimal manure consumption. In conclusion, the integrated use of manure and P fertilizer could be considered a useful agricultural practice for improving the performance of soybean plants grown in an Aridisol. Their beneficial effects were mainly attributed to the enhancement of N₂ fixation through root growth and soil property improvements besides being a source of P and other nutrients that are essential for N₂-fixation process.     

尿素与有机肥配施对棕红壤氮素转化的影响

为了解析尿素配施有机肥对土壤氮库活动的影响,通过室内恒温培养试验研究尿素(225kg N·hm~(-2))分别与低量(30 t·hm~(-2))、中量(60 t·hm~(-2))及高量(120、150 t·hm~(-2))有机肥配施条件下棕红壤有机氮库、无机氮库的动态变化。结果表明,配施有机肥土壤的有机氮含量较单施尿素增加16.3%~85.6%。中、高量配施显著提高土壤氮素矿化速率(p0.05),加剧无机氮转化强度,与单施尿素相比,无机氮最大矿化量增加52.9~246.0 mg·kg~(-1),有效矿化持续时间延长5 d,转化量增大2.3倍~8.7倍;配施有机肥提高土壤氨化强度,加快铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)转化速率。与单施尿素相比,配施有机肥处理NH_4~+-N含量峰值增加2.6~42.6 mg·kg~(-1),平均氨化速率提高7.8 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),转化速率增加1.4倍~8.8倍。一定量配施有机肥(30~120 t·hm~(-2))对土壤的硝化过程无显著影响,但过高量配施有机肥(150 t·hm~(-2)),强化土壤硝化作用,硝化速率较单施尿素提高4.2倍,引起土壤硝态氮(NO-3-N)大量累积。氮素表观平衡结果表明,中、高量配施有机肥显著增加培养体系氮素表观损失,60、90和120 t·hm~(-2)处理氮素损失量分别较单施尿素增加2.2倍、2.8倍和2.3倍,占总输入氮的27.5%~34.5%,其中,NH_4~+-N转化损失是体系氮表观损失的主要途径。本研究结果为棕红壤合理培肥提供了理论依据。     

Effects of Manure and Chemical Fertilizer on Nitrogen Transformations and Functional Bacteria in a Black Soil of the Song-nen Plain

Intensities of ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, and the numbers of functional bacteria were measured in a black soil of the Song-nen Plain under different fertilizer managements over a period of 3 years. The six fertilizer managements were as follows: no fertilizer applied, manure at low and high rates, chemical fertilizer at low and high rates, and manure and chemical fertilizers in equal ratio. Manure increased the numbers of ammonifying and nitrifying bacteria and the intensities of ammonification and nitrification, whereas chemical fertilizer increased numbers of denitrifying bacteria and intensity of denitrification. Average denitrifying intensities ranged from 52.5% to 61.1%. There might be some coupling relation between nitration and denitrification in black soil.     

施氮量对新增耕地肥料利用及大豆产量的影响

在晋西黄土区新增耕地设置施加N0,N1,N2,N3,N4和N5六种不同氮水平氮肥的处理,比较分析不同施氮量对氮肥利用率、氮磷钾吸收累积、大豆生长发育和产量的影响,并通过回归拟合,确定最佳施氮量,结果表明:不同氮水平下,氮肥农学利用率、氮肥吸收利用率和氮肥偏生产力随施氮量的增加呈现下降的趋势,而各氮水平条件下氮肥生理利用率差异不大;施氮能够促进大豆植株各部位对氮、磷、钾的吸收利用,各处理之间大豆植株氮素累积量、磷素累积量和钾素累积量差异显著,且在N2水平下最高,但大豆植株氮、磷、钾累积量与施氮量相关性不显著;N2水平下大豆植株在出枝期、开花期和鼓粒期的株高、冠幅均最高,且大豆产量最高,达188.83g/m2,比其他五种处理措施增产8.68%~141.32%,其增产效益最高,为0.562元/m2;晋西黄土区新增耕地的最佳施氮量为168~178kg/hm2,对应理论产量为1 800~1 802kg/hm2。